scholarly journals Annual Effective Dose and Lifetime Cancer Risks Due to Natural Radioactivity in Hand –Dug Well Water of Tai Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
C. P. Ononugbo ◽  
N. N. Ndodo
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Dug Well

The presence of radionuclide in water poses a number of health hazards, especially when the radionuclide is deposited in the human body through drinking water. The aim of this study was to evaluate natural radioactivity and its associated health risk in hand dug well water of Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria by means of gamma spectroscopy techniques and radiation models. The well water was collected from five selected coastal communities of Tai and chemically treated by adding nitric acid and then pre-concentrated further by evaporating to certain levels and kept in marineli beaker properly sealed for 28 days, after which was counted with NaI(Ti) detector. The mean values of specific activity concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra(232Th) were  25.90, 19.21 and 18.50 Bql-1 respectively. The annual effective doses for different age categories were estimated taking into consideration the ingested dose conversion factors as well as their yearly average water consumption. The average annual effective dose estimated for infants, children, teenagers and adult population were 0.115, 0.027, 0.071 and 0.013 Svy-1 respectively. The annual effective dose due to ingestion of the sampled water were above the recommended values by WHO, IAEA and UNSCEAR for the age brackets. The paper presents the overview of the techniques used and the summary of the findings. The result of this study gives the radiological baseline data for effective monitoring of the study area.

Assessment of Annual Effective Dose for Natural Radioactivity of Gamma Emitters in Biscuit Samples in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1766-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ABID ABOJASSIM ◽  
LUBNA A. AL-ALASADI ◽  
AHMED R. SHITAKE ◽  
FAEQ A. AL-TEMEMIE ◽  
AFNAN A. HUSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radiation Hazard Indices

Biscuits are an important type of food, widely consumed by babies in Iraq and other countries. This work uses gamma spectroscopy to measure the natural radioactivity due to long-lived gamma emitters in children's biscuits; it also estimates radiation hazard indices, that is, the radium equivalent activity, the representative of gamma level index, the internal hazard index, and the annual effective dose in children. Ten samples were collected from the Iraqi market from different countries of origin. The average specific activities for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 9.390, 3.1213, and 214.969 Bq/kg, respectively, but the average of the radium equivalent activity and the internal hazard index were 33.101 Bq/kg and 0.107, respectively. The total average annual effective dose from consumption by adults, children, and infants is estimated to be 0.655, 1.009, and 0.875 mSv, respectively. The values found for specific activity, radiation hazard indices, and annual effective dose in all samples in this study were lower than worldwide median values for all groups; therefore, these values are found to be safe.

scholarly journals The annual effective dose due to natural radionuclides in the reservoir and tap water in Yaoundé area, Cameroon

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marie Lydie ◽  
R. Martin Nemba
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides

The average concentrations of radionuclides of reservoir and tap water in the Yaoundé area, with a population of 1.5 million inhabitants were estimated from measurements of mean specific activity using a well calibrated Canberra NaI(Tl) detector system. Water samples were collected from reservoirs and taps during the dry and the rainy seasons respectively in December 2002 and July 2003. The radionuclides observed with regularity belonged to the decay series naturally occurring radionuclides headed by 238U and 232Th as well as the non-series nuclide 40K. The average specific activity values obtained for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively were for reservoir water 70 ± 11 BqL–1; 8.7 ± 3.5 BqL–1; 0.6 ± 0.2 BqL–1 during the dry season, and 50 ± 9 BqL–1; 8.5 ± 3.7 BqL–1; 0.6 ± 0.2 BqL–1 during the rainy season and for tap water, we have respectively 111 ± 17 BqL–1; 11.4 ± 3.7 BqL–1; 1 ± 0.3 BqL–1 during the dry season, and 51 ± 10 BqL–1; 9 ± 3.5 BqL–1; 0.7 ± 0.2 BqL–1 during the rainy season. The annual effective dose received by Yaoundé adult population as a result of ingestion of this drinking water is respectively 0.925 mSv for the reservoir water and 1.052 mSv for the tap water.

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

Radiation Safety Standards and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety: Proposal on the Development of New Versions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
А. Симаков ◽  
A. Simakov ◽  
Ю. Абрамов ◽  
Yu. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
One Year

The objective of this work is to enhance national Radiation safety standards (NRB) and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety (OSPORB).  This article discusses proposals how to amend new versions of the fundamental regulatory documents – national NRB and OSPORB as regards the interpretation of the term “limit of the annual effective dose of manmade individual exposure” and the health physics limiting the content of artificial radionuclides in solid materials for their unrestricted use. In current Radiation Safety Standards, NRB-99/2009 (paragraph 3.1.5.), in contrast to the Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No 3-FZ “On the Public Radiation Protection” and provisions of draft International Basic Safety Standards, annual effective dose means gross effective dose of external and internal exposure, received for the calendar year. The article describes the situation where the doses of a conditional worker do not exceed the dose limits in a single calendar year, i.e. < 50 mSv, however, for any arbitrarily taken time interval equal to one year, the annual dose limit of 50 mSv is repeatedly exceeded. Therefore, the following amendment is proposed to be made in new version of the NRB: “Annual effective dose means the sum of the effective external dose received for any arbitrarily taken time interval equal to one year and the ambient effective internal dose due to the intake of radionuclides in the body over the same period”. In current Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety, OSPORB 99/2010, Annex 3 “The Specific Activities of Artificial Radionuclides, at which Unrestricted Use of Materials is Permitted” does not include the uranium isotopes 234U, 235U and 238U; this contradicts paragraph 5.2.10 of OSPORB-99/2010, according to which these isotopes should be attributed to manmade radiation sources.  The article justifies the expediency of establishing the upper value of the specific activity of 1 Bq/g for the main uranium radionuclides in solid materials in case of their unlimited use. The supplement of Appendix 3 is proposed to the new version of the OSPORB with uranium isotopes 234U, 235U, 238U, setting the standard for their specific activity of 1 Bq/g in solid materials for unlimited use.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Some Soil Samples from Kutha District in Babylon Governorate, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Annual Dose ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of the elements (40K, 238U and 232Th), collected from Kutha district of Babylon governorate are studied and evaluated. Twenty soil samples with (0-15) cm in depth are collected. Gamma spectrometer NaI (TI) source is used for calibration. The radioactivities of natural isotopes K-40, U-238 and Th-232, were assessed. These studies show that radio activities of isotopes are acceptable according to the standard levels. Also, the activity of radium equivalent, the rate of annual effective dose, average air volume and external risk index are evaluated. The results are found within the internationally tolerable values. The results show that the mean of the radioactivity of 238U is (19.1565)Bq / kg, while it is (54.501) Bq/kg for 232Th and (179.578) Bq/kg for 40K. The study results showed that the average of radiological effects, like the Radium equivalent (Raeq), the rate of absorbed dose (Dr), the index of external hazard (Hex), the index of internal hazard (Hin), the index of representative gamma hazard (Iγ), the Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) and the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are as follow: 110.920 Bq/kg, 50.1838 nGy/h, 0.29953, 59.1530, 27.996, 0.34 mSv/y and 1.268x10-3, respectively. Keywords: Natural radioactivity, Absorption, External hazard, Effective annual dose, Excess lifetime cancer risk.

scholarly journals Natural Radionuclide (Gamma and Alpha Emitters) in Grain Samples Collected from Kerbala Governorate, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahraa Saad Hamzah ◽  
Abdalsattar Hashim ◽  
Ali Abojassim
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alpha Emitters ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Cr 39 Detectors

Abstract The aim of this research is to detect nature radioactivity for gamma emitters (specific activity 238U, 232Th, and 40K) using NaI(Tl) detectors and alpha emitters (concentrations of 222Rn, 226Ra, and 238U) using CR-39 detectors in selected samples of grain that are collected from Kerbala governorate. Also, annual effective dose and some radiological parameters due to gamma and alpha emitters to assess the health risk were calculated. Results have been shown that the average value of specific activities for 238U, 232Th and 40K were 6.61±0.91 Bq/kg, 3.07±0.22 Bq/kg and 227.59±32.34 Bq/kg respectively, while the average value of alpha emitters concentrations for 222Rn, 226Ra, and 238U were 3.99±1.13 Bq/m3, 4.69±1.28 mBq/kg and 0.072±0.019 Bq/kg respectively. The results of average total of annual effective dose associated with the exposure due to gamma and alpha emitted from ingestion grain samples in the present study were 0.139±0.013 mSv/y and 0.172±0.047 µSv/y, respectively. The results of natural Radionuclide and radiological parameter hazard based on gamma and alpha emitters from grain samples were discovered to be within the world acceptable levels. Finally, natural radioactivity from the grain samples that collected from Kerbala governorate were safety for the human consumption.

scholarly journals NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF GRANITES USED AS BUILDING MATERIALS IN GREECE

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pavlidou ◽  
A. Koroneos ◽  
C. Papastefanou ◽  
G. Christofides ◽  
S. Stoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Radioactive Minerals ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
High Level

The granites used in Greece as building materials and imported from foreign countries, mainly from Spain and Brazil, are rock types similar with the stony building materials world-wide used. Sixteen kinds of different granites, considered as the most popular, were sampled and their natural radioactivity was measured by gamma spectrometry. The, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K contents of granites were compared to corresponding ones of other building materials as well as other granite types used all over the world. For the reasons of radiological impact from use of granites as building materials, the absorbed dose and the effective dose as well were determined. Although the annual effective dose is higher than the limit of 1 mSv a"1 for some granites examined, they could be used safely as building materials, considering that their contribution in most of the house constructions is very low. An attempt to correlate the relatively high level of natural radioactivity of different kinds of granites with the presence of radioactive minerals and their chemical composition was also made.

scholarly journals Determination of natural radioactivity, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Xinwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Local Residents

Natural radioactivity levels, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China were determined. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fly ash samples ranged from 38.81 to 93.73, 40.34 to 135.17, and 66.92 to 290.86 Bq/kg with an average of 76.52, 109.95, and 170.72 Bq/kg, respectively; while in fly ash brick samples, these radionuclides ranged from 42.43 to 71.60, 76.65 to 208.37, and 94.32 to 489.42 Bq/kg with an average of 53.83, 101.93, and 266.48 Bq/kg, respectively. The exhalation rates of 222Rn and 220Rn in all determined samples were in the range of 1.13-20.50 and 15.60-113.00 mBq/m2s, respectively. The calculated results of the radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index, indoor annual effective dose and outdoor annual effective dose indicated that fly ashes and fly ash bricks collected from some brick factories of Baotou would pose excessive radiation risks to inhabitants and that they are not suitable for use in building construction. The natural radioactivity level of fly ash and fly ash brick needs to be constantly monitored considering the radiation safety of the local residents.

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