scholarly journals Optimization of Mycological Media Using Agro Waste for the Production of Antimicrobial Substance

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Evangeline Ogonna Okpalauwaekwe ◽  
Chinelo Ursula Umedum ◽  
Ikechukwu Harmony Iheukwumere ◽  
Leona Chisara Akakuru
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Substance ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nutritional Conditions

Aim: This present study was conducted to optimize mycological media using agro waste for the production of antimicrobial substance. Place and Duration of Study: Agro waste (sugarcane and sweet potato, sugarcane and jack fruit) collected within Anambra state between February- August 2019. Methodology: Sugarcane and sweet potato (AMSSP), sugarcane and jack fruit (AMSJ) were peeled and the peels were air-dried and then ground into powdered form. 10 g each of the agro waste samples was weighed into 400 ml of distilled water in 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask and allowed for 7 days, after which the mixture was filtered. Then 200 ml of the filtrate was used. The experimental conditions were optimized by using agro wastes (20/80 and 50/50 concentrations) as a culture medium, altering the temperature (30ºC and 37ºC), pH (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), as well as the carbon and nitrogen source (glucose and NaNO3). The fungi used were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fischeri, Aspergillus aculeatus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Results:  Various agro wastes medium AMSSP and AMSJ were formulated as mycological media and the growth and nutritional conditions were optimized to ascertain antimicrobial substance production using some fungal isolates. Based on different concentrations Aspergillus fumigatus showed a promising zone of inhibition on AMSSP at a concentration of 20/80 while in AMSJ the concentration the 50/50 showed a maximum zone of inhibition on Aspergillus fumigatus ascertaining the presence of antimicrobial substance. AMSSP was able to produce maximum antimicrobial substance when supplemented with 1.0% glucose, 1.0% NaNO3 at pH 7 and at temperature of 30 ± 2ºC. Conclusion: Agro wastes from AMSSP as well as from AMSJ contain nutrients that may support fungal growth. Maximum antimicrobial substance production is enhanced when supplemented with 1.0% of the carbon and nitrogen source at a pH of 7 and at a temperature of 30 ± 2ºC.

Bark degradation by Aspergillus fumigatus. Growth studies

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Marie Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

A fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., which used bark as its sole carbon and energy source, was isolated. Difficulties arose in measuring fungal growth, since the hyphae and the bark could not be separated. Measurement of the weight loss of the solid material did not quantitatively estimate fungal growth. Therefore, two methods were developed to estimate fungal mass when the carbon and energy source is particulate and contributes to the parameter used as a measure of growth. They were based on determination of nitrogen either in the solid material or in the medium. The nitrogen concentration in A. fumigatus was found to be nearly constant throughout the growth cycle and to be independent of the carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the medium but to vary with the carbon source used.Aspergillus fumigatus was grown at 37C as a submerged culture in salts medium with finely ground bark from Picea abies as sole carbon and energy source. The bark medium was heat-sterilized before inoculation with spores. The fungus utilized cellulose and hemicellulose but not lignin. Substances solubilized from the bark contributed to the growth. The yield was the same on unextracted as on water-extracted bark, although growth was delayed on the former. Growth was rapid and comparable to growth on other polymeric polysaccharides, i.e. starch. Aspergillus fumigatus degraded 32–40% of the polymeric part of the bark within 4 days and with an economic coefficient of about 50%.

Carbon and Nitrogen Source Nutrition of Fumagillin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus fumigatus

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yang ◽  
Wan-Seop Kim ◽  
Aiqi Fang ◽  
Arnold L. Demain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Decolorisation of natural organic matter by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: the effect of environmental conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rojek ◽  
F.A. Roddick ◽  
A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to rapidly decolorise a solution of natural organic matter (NOM). The effect of various parameters such as carbon and nitrogen content, pH, ionic strength, NOM concentration and addition of Mn2+ on the colour removal process was investigated. The rapid decolorisation was related to fungal growth and biosorption rather than biodegradation as neither carbon nor nitrogen limitation, nor Mn2+ addition, triggered the decolorisation process. Low pH (pH 3) and increased ionic strength (up to 50 g L‒1 added NaCl) led to greater specific removal (NOM/unit biomass), probably due to increased electrostatic bonding between the humic material and the biomass. Adsorption of NOM with viable and inactivated (autoclaved or by sodium azide) fungal pellets occurred within 24 hours and the colour removal depended on the viability, method of inactivation and pH. Colour removal by viable pellets was higher under the same conditions, and this, combined with desorption data, confirmed that fungal metabolic activity was important in the decolorisation process. Overall, removals of up to 40–50% NOM from solution were obtained. Of this, removal by adsorption was estimated as 60–70%, half of which was physicochemical, the other half metabolically-dependent biosorption and bioaccumulation. The remainder was considered to be removed by biodegradation, although some of this may be ascribed to bioaccumulation and metabolically-dependent biosorption.

Application of low-cost algal nitrogen source feeding in fuel ethanol production using high gravity sweet potato medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shen ◽  
Jin-Song Guo ◽  
You-Peng Chen ◽  
Hai-Dong Zhang ◽  
Xu-Xu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
High Gravity

Access to 2-Arylquinazolines via Catabolism/Reconstruction of Amino Acids with Insertion of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tian Ma ◽  
Li-Sheng Wang ◽  
Zhi Chai ◽  
Xin-Feng Chen ◽  
Bo-Cheng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
First Time

Quinazoline skeletons are synthesized by amino acids catabolism/reconstruction combined with dimethyl sulfoxide insertion/cyclization for the first time. The amino acid acts as a carbon and nitrogen source through HI-mediated catabolism...

Accumulation of carbon and nitrogen compounds in sweet potato plants grown under deficiency of N, P, or K nutrients

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Osaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Takuro Shinano ◽  
Hirokazu Matsui ◽  
Toshiaki Tadano
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Potato Plants

scholarly journals Calcineurin Controls Growth, Morphology, and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus fumigatus

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Steinbach ◽  
Robert A. Cramer ◽  
B. Zachary Perfect ◽  
Yohannes G. Asfaw ◽  
Theodor C. Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hyphal Morphology

ABSTRACT Calcineurin is implicated in a myriad of human diseases as well as homeostasis and virulence in several major human pathogenic microorganisms. The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a leading cause of infectious death in the rapidly expanding immunocompromised patient population. Current antifungal treatments for invasive aspergillosis are often ineffective, and novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. We demonstrate that a mutant of A. fumigatus lacking the calcineurin A (cnaA) catalytic subunit exhibited defective hyphal morphology related to apical extension and polarized growth, which resulted in drastically decreased filamentation. The ΔcnaA mutant lacked the extensive lattice of invading hyphae seen with the wild-type and complemented strains. Sporulation was also affected in the ΔcnaA mutant, including morphological conidial defects with the absence of surface rodlets and the added presence of disjunctors creating long conidial chains. Infection with the ΔcnaA mutant in several distinct animal models with different types of immunosuppression and inoculum delivery led to a profound attenuation of pathogenicity compared to infection with the wild-type and complemented strains. Lung tissue from animals infected with the ΔcnaA mutant showed a complete absence of hyphae, in contrast to tissue from animals infected with the wild-type and complemented strains. Quantitative fungal burden and pulmonary infarct scoring confirmed these findings. Our results support the clinical observation that substantially decreasing fungal growth can prevent disease establishment and decrease mortality. Our findings reveal that calcineurin appears to play a globally conserved role in the virulence of several pathogenic fungi and yet plays specialized roles in each and can be an excellent target for therapeutic intervention.

Facile preparation of C, N co-modified Nb2O5 nanoneedles with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (41) ◽  
pp. 16519-16525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Runwei Wang ◽  
Zongtao Zhang ◽  
Shilun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Niobium Pentoxide ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Niobium Chloride ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

C, N co-modified niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanoneedles have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method with Niobium Chloride (NbCl5) as a precursor and triethylamine as both the carbon and nitrogen source.

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