scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Adult Females in Omu-Aran South-West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Ndako James A. ◽  
Akinyomade Owolabi ◽  
Oludolapo Olatinsu ◽  
Adedapo O. Omolade ◽  
Ilochi Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Proteus Species

Background: Urinary tract infection is caused by the presence and replication of microorganisms in the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection is a major health problem among females especially among pregnant women and this is caused by the physiological makeup of the female urinary tract. Objective: This study was designed to assess the epidemiology of UTIs present amidst pregnant women and females residing in the Omu-Aran community. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 individuals were involved of which 50 were pregnant women while the remaining 50 were non-pregnant females. Semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to all participants to obtain their data. Samples of urine (early morning midstream) were collected in universal bottles from participants. The urine specimens were cultured on four different agar plates which were; cystein lactose electrolyte deficient agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar and nutrient agar for significant bacteria growth. Microscopic and macroscopic examination was also carried out on the samples for possible detection of infections. Results: The result of the culture showed a significant bacterial growth of 77% and 23% of the samples collected showed no significant bacterial growth. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were isolated. With Staphylococcus aureus predominantly present and observed as the causative factor for (45.4%) occurrence of UTIs, closely followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (13.0%), Escherichia coli (13.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.1%) Proteus species (9.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.3%). However the only fungi isolated was Candida albicans showing (1.3%) prevalence, Candida is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans. Conclusion: Results obtained in this work showed a high prevalence of Urinary tract infection at our study location. A prompt enlightenment campaign and need for periodic check among females is highly advocated to reduce or out rightly eliminate the spread of common uropathogens in circulation.

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Tula ◽  
Abraham Mikru ◽  
Tsegaye Alemayehu ◽  
Beyene Dobo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Background. Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered in pregnant women with significant morbidity. This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at a Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH), Southern Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which consecutive pregnant women enrolled in the study from March to June 2019. The structured questionnaire used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data in a face-to-face interview. Midstream urine was collected from pregnant women using sterile containers. Culture and sensitivity were performed using a standard operating procedure of the microbiology laboratory. Data entry and analysis were conducted using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive and logistic regression was used to conduct the output of the data. The odds ratio at 95% confidence interval was considered as a statistically significant association with a p value <0.05. Result. The overall magnitude of urinary tract infection in this study was 7.8% (4.7–10.8%). Escherichia coli was found to be the most frequently isolated (47.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.7%), Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Citrobacter spp., Salmonella group A, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterobacter cloacae each (4.3%). Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to 78.3%, 91.3%, and 100% of ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to clindamycin (100%), gentamicin (100%), and nitrofurantoin (100%) and fully resistant to ceftriaxone (100%) and cefuroxime (100%). There is no statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the risk factor of urinary tract infection and UTI. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care was 7.8%. Escherichia coli were the dominant isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gram-negative isolates are highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and ceftriaxone and Gram-positive isolates to gentamicin, clindamycin, and nitrofurantoin. Most of the bacteria are resistant to cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime. There is no statistically significantly associated variable. Screening for the presence of urinary tract infection during pregnancy will improve the quality of antenatal care further reducing complication. The above antibiotics can be prescribed based on the side effect to pregnant women in case empirical treatment is mandatory in the study area.

Outcome of community-onset ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia and urinary tract infection: a population-based cohort study in Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3656-3664
Author(s):  
Rasmus Richelsen ◽  
Jesper Smit ◽  
Henrik Carl Schønheyder ◽  
Pavithra Laxsen Anru ◽  
Belen Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Community Onset

Abstract Objectives To assess the impact of ESBL production on mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS) of community-onset infections due to Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods A population-based cohort study including all adult patients hospitalized with a first-time community-onset E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteraemia or urinary tract infection in the North Denmark Region between 2007 and 2017. For each bacterial agent, we computed 1 year Kaplan–Meier survival curves and cumulative incidence functions of LOS, and by use of Cox proportional hazard regression we computed HRs as estimates of 30 day and 1 year mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and LOS among patients with and without ESBL-producing infections. Results We included 24 518 cases (among 22350 unique patients), of whom 1018 (4.2%) were infected by an ESBL-producing bacterium. The 30 day cumulative mortality and adjusted MRR (aMRR) in patients with and without ESBL-producing isolates was as follows: E. coli bacteraemia (n = 3831), 15.8% versus 14.0%, aMRR = 1.01 (95% CI = 0.70–1.45); E. coli urinary tract infection (n = 17151), 9.5% versus 8.7%, aMRR = 0.97 (95% CI = 0.75–1.26); K. pneumoniae bacteraemia (n = 734), 0% versus 17.2%, aMRR = not applicable; and K. pneumoniae urinary tract infection (n = 2802), 13.8% versus 10.7%, aMRR = 1.13 (95% CI = 0.73–1.75). The 1 year aMRR remained roughly unchanged. ESBL-producing E. coli bacteraemia was associated with an increased LOS compared with non-ESBL production. Conclusions ESBL production was not associated with an increased short- or long-term mortality in community-onset infections due to E. coli or K. pneumoniae, yet ESBL-producing E. coli bacteraemia was associated with an increased LOS.

scholarly journals Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance Mediated by Plasmids and Integrons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Taher Lina ◽  
Sabita Rezwana Rahman ◽  
Donald James Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
High Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI) is a growing public health problem in the world. In this study, a total of 182 uropathogens were isolated from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Escherichia coli (88%) was the most prevalent isolate, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was recovered from 12% cases. The male/female ratio was 1:3. About 56% female and 51% male patients belonged to the age group >40 years. The antibiotic resistance rates of the isolates to fifteen different drugs were investigated. E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed variable pattern of susceptibility. The percentage of resistance to different drugs was higher in E. coli isolates compared to that of K. pneumoniae. Among the total number of isolates about 87% were resistant to at least three commonly used antibiotics. All the isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Analysis of the plasmid DNA had shown that the plasmid pattern was very diverse in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. All the isolates contained multiple numbers of plasmid ranging from 1.0 to >140 MDa. Middleranged plasmids (30 to 80 MDa), the transferable resistance plasmids, were found to be present in 86% E. coli and 85% K. pneumoniae isolates. The strong association observed between plasmid profiles and drug resistance patterns suggest that plasmids other than the common plasmids may have epidemiological significance. The presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons were also investigated. A relatively high occurrence of class 1 integrons, that are associated with lateral transfer of antibacterial resistance genes, was observed in K. pneumoniae (88%) than in E. coli isolates (54%). Class 2 integrons were not found in any of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. These results show the high rate of drug resistance and the presence of high rate of transferable elements in these MDR isolates. Keywords: Uropathogens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, Plasmid profiles, IntegronsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1231 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 19-23

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