Development of Microwave-Assisted Sulfonated Glucose Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

Microwave-heating method for catalyst preparation has been utilized recently due to its shorter operation time compared to the conventional method. Glucose, a renewable carbon source can be partially carbonized and sulfonated via microwave heating which could result in highly potential heterogeneous carbon-based acid catalyst. In this study, the impacts of the carbonization and sulfonation parameters during the catalyst preparation were investigated. Catalysts prepared were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Temperature Programmed Desorption–Ammonia (TPD-NH3). Analysis of the carbonization screening process discovered that the best incomplete carbonized glucose (ICG) prepared was at 20 minutes, 20 g of D(+)-glucose with medium microwave power level (400W) which exhibited the highest percentage yield (91.41%) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The total surface area and acid site density obtained were 16.94 m2/g and 25.65 mmol/g, respectively. Regeneration test was further carried out and succeeded to achieve 6 cycles. The highest turnover frequency (TOF) of the sulfonated catalyst was methyl palmitate, 25.214´10−3 s−1 compared to other component of the methyl ester. Kinetic study was developed throughout the esterification process and activation energy from the forward and reverse reaction was 3.36 kJ/mol and 11.96 kJ/mol, respectively. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Download Full-text

Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from fruit pulps for biodiesel production using GC-MS spectrometry

Bioengineered ◽

10.1080/21655979.2020.1739379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ferruh Asci ◽

Busra Aydin ◽

Gulderen Uysal Akkus ◽

Arzu Unal ◽

Sevim Feyza Erdogmus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Acid Methyl

Download Full-text

Esterification of Waste Palm Oil in Wastewater Pond for Community Biodiesel Production

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.133 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 692 ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Athitan Timyamprasert ◽

Vittaya Punsuvon ◽

Kasem Chunkao ◽

Juan L. Silva ◽

Tae Jo Kim

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Methyl Ester Content

The aim of this research was to develop a two-step technique to prepare biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) with high free fatty acid content. The developed process consists of esterification and transesterification steps. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for esterification step. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-levels-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for decreasing FFA in WPO. The WPO with low FFA was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The investigated results showed that the WPO containing 48.62%wt of high FFA. The optimum condition of esterification step was 28 moles of methanol to FFA in WPO molar ratio, 5.5% sulfuric acid concentration in 90 min of reaction time and 60 °C of reaction temperature. After transesterification step, WPO biodiesel gave methyl ester content at 84.05% according to EN 14103 method. The properties of WPO methyl ester meet the standards of Thailand community biodiesel that can be used as fuel in agricultural machine.

Download Full-text

In situ production of fatty acid methyl ester from low quality rice bran: An economical route for biodiesel production

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2009.10.008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 89 (7) ◽

pp. 1475-1479 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hong Lei ◽

Xuefeng Ding ◽

Hongxi Zhang ◽

Xue Chen ◽

Yunling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

In Situ Production

Download Full-text

Isolation and screening of heterocystous cyanobacterial strains for biodiesel production by evaluating the fuel properties from fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Antonyraj Matharasi Perianaika Anahas ◽

Gangatharan Muralitharan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Acid Methyl

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a New Cerium Oxide-Bismuth Oxide-Based Nanobiocomposite as a Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9112012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2012

Author(s):

Anam Shahzadi ◽

Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽

Hamid Mukhtar ◽

Sadia Akram ◽

Tooba Touqeer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Bismuth Oxide ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can be used together with other biofuels to help meet the growing energy needs of the rapidly increasing global population in an environmentally friendly way. In search for new and more efficient biodiesel production methods, this work reports on the synthesis and use of a novel biocatalyst that can function in a broader range of pH and temperature conditions, while producing high biodiesel yields from vegetable oils. Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of non-edible Eruca sativa oil using a lipase from Aspergillus niger that was immobilized on cerium oxide bismuth oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were first grafted with polydopamine which facilitated the subsequent anchoring of the enzyme on the nanoparticle support. The enzyme activity, pH and temperature stability, and reusability of the immobilized lipase were superior to those of the free enzyme. Following response surface methodology optimization, the highest biodiesel yield of 90.6% was attained using 5 wt% biocatalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 40 °C, pH of 7, and reaction time of 60 h. The produced biodiesel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and its fatty acid methyl ester composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Erucic acid methyl ester was identified as the major component in biodiesel, with 47.7 wt% of the total fatty acid methyl esters content. The novel nanobiocatalyst (Bi2O3·CeO2@[email protected]) has the potential to produce high biodiesel yields from a variety of vegetable oils.

Download Full-text

BIODIESEL FROM NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) SEED OIL WITH A TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS USING A CONTINOUS FLOW SYSTEM IN THE REACTOR

Tibuana ◽

10.36456/tibuana.2.02.1931.36-39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Yanatra budi Pramana

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Flow System ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽

Acid Methyl

Biodiesel production from calophyllum inophyllum be obtained via esterification and transesterification, using two continuous reactors with catalyst NaOH at a concentration (0.4 ;0.6,0.8; 1) wt%, calophyllum inophyllum seed oil and reaction temperature (40, 50,60)oC. This research was to determine the effect of catalyst amount and reaction temperature on transesterification of calophyllum inophyllum seed toward yield Fatty Acid Methyl Ester . The last step is analysis yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester with Gas Chromatography (GC). The highest yield is obtained on the amount of 1% NaOH catalyst and at a temperature of 60oC with yield of 87.036%.

Download Full-text

Effect of Free Fatty Acid Pretreatment to Yield, Composition and Activation Energy in Chemical Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.34492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 592

Author(s):

Nor Saadah Mohd Alias ◽

Harumi Veny ◽

Fazlena Hamzah ◽

Noorhaliza Aziz

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Ester Synthesis ◽

Acid Methyl

Transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) for fatty acid methyl ester synthesis using calcium oxide (CaO) as a catalyst with absence and presence of free fatty acid (FFA) pretreatment (untreated and pretreated) prior to reaction have been investigated. The preliminary study was started from theoretical stoichiometric amount molar ratio of methanol to oil. This preliminary experiment showed that indeed, in transesterification with the chemical catalyst the molar ratio of methanol to oil should be exceeding the theoretical stoichiometric molar ratio, due to the fast reversible reaction. The highest FAME content of 81% was achieved at a temperature of 75 °C with pretreated FFA. The composition of methyl ester with pretreated FFA was affected by temperature, where increasing temperature leads to increasing of methyl oleate as major methyl ester in the product. The relation of temperature dependence was further studied by Arrhenius law correlation. It is shown that activation energy was affected by pretreatment of fatty acid. The activation energy (Ea) of transesterification with untreated and pretreated free fatty acid were found as ± 16 kJ/mol and ± 68 kJ/mol, respectively. Unlike untreated FFA, the Ea of transesterification with pretreated FFA was within the range of activation energy for transesterification for the base catalyst. This study showed that methyl ester synthesis was best obtained when FFA was pretreated prior to transesterification. In addition, WCO is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production since it is biodegradable, economic, environmentally friendly and abundantly available.

Download Full-text