Estimation of the Microbial N Flow to Small Intestine in Saanen Goats and Kids Based on Urinary Excretion of Purin Derivatives by the Use of Spot Urine Sampling Technique

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurcan ÇETİNKAYA ◽  
Mustafa SALMAN ◽  
Buğra GENÇ
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Microbial N

Urinary purine derivatives excretion in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
F. Herrera Gomez ◽  
F.D.DeB Hovell ◽  
C.A. Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Microbial N

The purine derivatives (PD) have been proposed as a non-invasive method to estimate microbial-N supply to the small intestine (Chen et al., 1990a; Verbic et al., 1990). The use of PD urinary excretion has the advantage that it can be used with intact animals thus reducing the concern of animal welfare issues. Although, there are known differences in purine metabolism between cattle (B. taurus), sheep and buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) (Chen et al., 1990b; Chen et al., 1996), no direct comparison of PD urinary excretion has been made so far between cattle especies, therefore, the objective of the present experiment was to compare PD urinary excretion of B. taurus and B. indicus cattle fed similar diets under tropical conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
Nicholas W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Friesian Cows

The potential of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were fed two experimental diets in a complete change-over design with two 14 day experimental periods. Diets were either silage fed ad libitum with a concentrate supplement offered as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients (CD). Total urine collections were performed for 24h at 2 h intervals on days 11 and 14. Pseudouridine and creatinine excretion during each 2h interval depended on time of collection (pseudouridine, P

Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary purine derivative excretion in lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
N. W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Total Urine

AbstractThe potential of the spot urine sampling technique as an alternative to performing a total urine collection was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were given two experimental diets in a complete change-over design using two 14-day experimental periods. Experimental diets were either silage offeredad libitumwith 7 kg fresh weight concentrate supplement as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients with a similar foragexoncentrate ratio (CD). Total urine collections were performed every 2 h on days 11 and 14 of each experimental period. Subsamples of urine were stored at 20°C and subsequently analysed by high-performace liquid chromatography. Daily allantoin and purine derivative (PD) excretion were highly correlated (r = 0·995, no. = 48,P< 0·001). PD and creatinine excretion during each 2-h interval depended on time of collection (PD,P< 0·001 and creatinine,P< 0·05) and on cow (P< 0·01) but were unaffected by sampling day or treatment. Diurnal variations in the molar ratio ofPD or allantoin to creatinine (PD/c and Ale, respectively) followed similar diurnal patterns as observed for PD and allantoin excretion. The data were used to assess the error of prediction of daily mean PD/c or Ale ratios. Three spot sampling regimens (based on the collection of four 4-h samples, three 8-h samples or two 12-h samples) and also on either single or 2-day urine collections were evaluated. Collection of multiple samples within a day was more reliable than collecting fewer samples over several days. Prediction errors were greater for SF compared with CD. Even the most intensive sampling regimen did not allow an acceptable prediction of daily mean PDIc or Ale ratio, minimum r values for PDIc and Ale ratios were 0·098, 0·136 and 0·547, 0·579 for SF and CD, respectively. Furthermore, daily mean PDIc and Ale ratios proved poor predictors of daily PD and allantoin excretion (r values of 0·69 and 0·72, respectively). Total urine collection appears necessary to assess accurately daily PD excretion in dairy cows.

Urinary purine derivatives excretion in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
F. Herrera Gomez ◽  
F.D.DeB Hovell ◽  
C.A. Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Microbial N

The purine derivatives (PD) have been proposed as a non-invasive method to estimate microbial-N supply to the small intestine (Chen et al., 1990a; Verbic et al., 1990). The use of PD urinary excretion has the advantage that it can be used with intact animals thus reducing the concern of animal welfare issues. Although, there are known differences in purine metabolism between cattle (B. taurus), sheep and buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) (Chen et al., 1990b; Chen et al., 1996), no direct comparison of PD urinary excretion has been made so far between cattle especies, therefore, the objective of the present experiment was to compare PD urinary excretion of B. taurus and B. indicus cattle fed similar diets under tropical conditions.

Multiple, random spot urine sampling for estimating urinary sodium excretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Ardissino ◽  
Antonio Vergori ◽  
Cesare Vergori ◽  
Laura Martelli ◽  
Valeria Daccò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling

scholarly journals Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6806
Author(s):  
Fiorella Lucarini ◽  
Marc Blanchard ◽  
Tropoja Krasniqi ◽  
Nicolas Duda ◽  
Gaëlle Bailat Rosset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Carrying out exposure studies on children who are not toilet trained is challenging because of the difficulty of urine sampling. In this study, we optimized a protocol for urine collection from disposable diapers for the analysis of phthalate metabolites. The exposure of Swiss children (n = 113) between 6 months and 3 years of life to seven phthalates was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements. The study showed limited exposures to phthalates, with only 22% of the samples containing some of the metabolites investigated. The three most frequently detected metabolites were monoethyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, and mono-benzyl phthalate. We also detected mono-n-octyl phthalate and mono(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate, which have rarely been observed in urine from infants and toddlers; therefore, di-n-octyl phthalate and bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate can be considered as potentially new emerging phthalates. This study presents an initial snapshot of the Swiss children’s exposure to phthalates and provides a promising approach for further phthalate biomonitoring studies on young children using disposable diapers as urine sampling technique.

The relationship between microbial N synthesis and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Kaidong Deng ◽  
Chenggang Jiang ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microbial N

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

scholarly journals The effect of protein- and non-protein-nitrogen supplements to maize silage on total amino acid supply in young cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Cottrill ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
A. R. Austin ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial N

1. A total of six diets based on maize silage were formulated to examine the effect of protein- and non-protein-nitrogen, and energy supplementation on the flow of amino acids to the small intestine and the synthesis of microbial amino acids in the rumen of growing cattle. All diets contained 24 g totai nitrogen (N)/kg dry matter (DM), of which 550 g N/kg total N was supplied by either urea or fish meal. Four diets contained low levels of barley (estimated total dietary metabolizable energy content of 10·4 M J/kgDM) and urea-N and fish meal-N were supplied in the ratios 3:1, 1·4:1, 0·6:1 and 0·3:1. The other two diets contained between 300 and 400 g barley/kg total diet (11·3 MJ metabolizable energy/kg DM) and the urea-N to fish meal-N ratios were 3:1 and 0·3:1.2. On the four low-energy diets, fish meal inclusion tended to reduce the extent of organic matter (OM) digestion in the rumen but significantly increased duodenal amino acid supply (P< 0·05) in a quadratic manner. Microbial-N synthesis was increased by the two intermediate levels of fish meal supplementation but declined at the highest level of inclusion. With increasing levels of fish meal inclusion, a greater proportion of the dietary protein was found to escape rumen degradation and the apparent degradabilities of fish meal and maize-silage protein of all four diets were estimated to be 0·22 and 0·73 respectively.3. The substitution of barley for part of the maize silage enhanced duodenal supply of amino acids, irrespective of the form of the N supplement, and stimulated microbial amino acid synthesis. For all diets efficiency of microbial-N synthesis was found to vary between 22·5 and 46 g N/kg rumen-digested OM. Contrary to what was found for low-energy diets, the inclusion of fish meal tended to reduce the flow of dietary protein to the small intestine, but these differences were not statistically significant.4. The results appertaining to microbial synthesis, dietary protein degradabilities and duodenal amino acid flow for all diets are discussed in relation to the Agricultural Research Council (1980) proposals for the protein requirements of ruminants, and the production responses observed when similar diets were fed to growing cattle.

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