Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary purine derivative excretion in lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
N. W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Total Urine

AbstractThe potential of the spot urine sampling technique as an alternative to performing a total urine collection was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were given two experimental diets in a complete change-over design using two 14-day experimental periods. Experimental diets were either silage offeredad libitumwith 7 kg fresh weight concentrate supplement as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients with a similar foragexoncentrate ratio (CD). Total urine collections were performed every 2 h on days 11 and 14 of each experimental period. Subsamples of urine were stored at 20°C and subsequently analysed by high-performace liquid chromatography. Daily allantoin and purine derivative (PD) excretion were highly correlated (r = 0·995, no. = 48,P< 0·001). PD and creatinine excretion during each 2-h interval depended on time of collection (PD,P< 0·001 and creatinine,P< 0·05) and on cow (P< 0·01) but were unaffected by sampling day or treatment. Diurnal variations in the molar ratio ofPD or allantoin to creatinine (PD/c and Ale, respectively) followed similar diurnal patterns as observed for PD and allantoin excretion. The data were used to assess the error of prediction of daily mean PD/c or Ale ratios. Three spot sampling regimens (based on the collection of four 4-h samples, three 8-h samples or two 12-h samples) and also on either single or 2-day urine collections were evaluated. Collection of multiple samples within a day was more reliable than collecting fewer samples over several days. Prediction errors were greater for SF compared with CD. Even the most intensive sampling regimen did not allow an acceptable prediction of daily mean PDIc or Ale ratio, minimum r values for PDIc and Ale ratios were 0·098, 0·136 and 0·547, 0·579 for SF and CD, respectively. Furthermore, daily mean PDIc and Ale ratios proved poor predictors of daily PD and allantoin excretion (r values of 0·69 and 0·72, respectively). Total urine collection appears necessary to assess accurately daily PD excretion in dairy cows.

Milk allantoin excretion in relation to Fermentable Metabolisable Energy supply over a 26 to 33 kg/d range of milk yields in Holstein/Friesian dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
K.J. Shingfield ◽  
N.W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
On Farm

Widescale on-farm assessment of microbial protein supply by urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in dairy cows is restricted by the necessity for a total urine collection. Evaluation of urinary creatinine (c) excretion as a marker of urinary output, indicated the use of spot urine sampling to be unreliable (Shingfield et al 1995a). Further investigations have indicated that, based on mean treatment measurements, milk allantoin excretion and concentration are closely correlated with fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) supply, over a narrow range of milk yields (Shingfield et al 1995b). The current experiment evaluates the potential of milk allantoin excretion and concentration as a index of microbial protein supply over a much wider range of milk yields.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
Nicholas W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Friesian Cows

The potential of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were fed two experimental diets in a complete change-over design with two 14 day experimental periods. Diets were either silage fed ad libitum with a concentrate supplement offered as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients (CD). Total urine collections were performed for 24h at 2 h intervals on days 11 and 14. Pseudouridine and creatinine excretion during each 2h interval depended on time of collection (pseudouridine, P

Milk allantoin excretion in relation to Fermentable Metabolisable Energy supply over a 26 to 33 kg/d range of milk yields in Holstein/Friesian dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
K.J. Shingfield ◽  
N.W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
On Farm

Widescale on-farm assessment of microbial protein supply by urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in dairy cows is restricted by the necessity for a total urine collection. Evaluation of urinary creatinine (c) excretion as a marker of urinary output, indicated the use of spot urine sampling to be unreliable (Shingfield et al 1995a). Further investigations have indicated that, based on mean treatment measurements, milk allantoin excretion and concentration are closely correlated with fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) supply, over a narrow range of milk yields (Shingfield et al 1995b). The current experiment evaluates the potential of milk allantoin excretion and concentration as a index of microbial protein supply over a much wider range of milk yields.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6806
Author(s):  
Fiorella Lucarini ◽  
Marc Blanchard ◽  
Tropoja Krasniqi ◽  
Nicolas Duda ◽  
Gaëlle Bailat Rosset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Carrying out exposure studies on children who are not toilet trained is challenging because of the difficulty of urine sampling. In this study, we optimized a protocol for urine collection from disposable diapers for the analysis of phthalate metabolites. The exposure of Swiss children (n = 113) between 6 months and 3 years of life to seven phthalates was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements. The study showed limited exposures to phthalates, with only 22% of the samples containing some of the metabolites investigated. The three most frequently detected metabolites were monoethyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, and mono-benzyl phthalate. We also detected mono-n-octyl phthalate and mono(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate, which have rarely been observed in urine from infants and toddlers; therefore, di-n-octyl phthalate and bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate can be considered as potentially new emerging phthalates. This study presents an initial snapshot of the Swiss children’s exposure to phthalates and provides a promising approach for further phthalate biomonitoring studies on young children using disposable diapers as urine sampling technique.

scholarly journals Spot urine collection: A valid alternative to total urine collection for metabolomic studies in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Boudra ◽  
P. Noziere ◽  
G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar ◽  
M. Traikia ◽  
J-F. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Total Urine

scholarly journals Developing community-based urine sampling methods to deploy biomarker technology for the assessment of dietary exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3081-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J Lloyd ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Naomi D Willis ◽  
Laura Lyons ◽  
Helen Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers

AbstractObjective:Obtaining objective, dietary exposure information from individuals is challenging because of the complexity of food consumption patterns and the limitations of self-reporting tools (e.g., FFQ and diet diaries). This hinders research efforts to associate intakes of specific foods or eating patterns with population health outcomes.Design:Dietary exposure can be assessed by the measurement of food-derived chemicals in urine samples. We aimed to develop methodologies for urine collection that minimised impact on the day-to-day activities of participants but also yielded samples that were data-rich in terms of targeted biomarker measurements.Setting:Urine collection methodologies were developed within home settings.Participants:Different cohorts of free-living volunteers.Results:Home collection of urine samples using vacuum transfer technology was deemed highly acceptable by volunteers. Statistical analysis of both metabolome and selected dietary exposure biomarkers in spot urine collected and stored using this method showed that they were compositionally similar to urine collected using a standard method with immediate sample freezing. Even without chemical preservatives, samples can be stored under different temperature regimes without any significant impact on the overall urine composition or concentration of forty-six exemplar dietary exposure biomarkers. Importantly, the samples could be posted directly to analytical facilities, without the need for refrigerated transport and involvement of clinical professionals.Conclusions:This urine sampling methodology appears to be suitable for routine use and may provide a scalable, cost-effective means to collect urine samples and to assess diet in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Cold-Pressed Sunflower Cake on Ruminal Fermentation, Lipid Metabolism and Bacterial Community in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubiria ◽  
Garcia-Rodriguez ◽  
Atxaerandio ◽  
Ruiz ◽  
Benhissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Sunflower Cake ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC), by-product of oil-manufacturing, has high crude fat and linoleic acid concentrations, being a promising supplement to modulate rumen fatty acid (FA) profile. This trial studied CPSC effects on ruminal fermentation, biohydrogenation and the bacterial community in dairy cows. Ten cows were used in a crossover design with two experimental diets and fed during two 63-day periods. The cows were group fed forage ad libitum and the concentrate individually. The concentrates, control and CPSC, were isoenergetic, isoproteic and isofat. The ruminal samples collected at the end of each experimental period were analyzed for short-chain fatty acid, FA and DNA sequencing. CPSC decreased butyrate molar proportion (4%, p = 0.005). CPSC decreased C16:0 (28%, p < 0.001) and increased C18:0 (14%, p < 0.001) and total monounsaturated FA, especially C18:1 trans-11 (13%, p = 0.023). The total purine derivative excretion tended to be greater (5%, p = 0.05) with CPSC, resulting in a 6% greater daily microbial N flow. CPSC did not affect the diversity indices but increased the relative abundances of Treponema and Coprococcus, and decreased Enterococcus, Ruminococcus and Succinivibrio. In conclusion, the changes in ruminal fermentation and the FA profile were not associated with changes in microbial diversity or abundance of dominant populations, however, they might be associated with less abundant genera.

Estimating purine derivatives and nitrogen compound excretion using total urine collection or spot urine samples in grazing heifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarbas Miguel Silva Júnior ◽  
João Paulo Pacheco Rodrigues ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Total Urine

MO597ESTIMATING INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL SODIUM INTAKE WITH REPEATED SPOT URINE SAMPLING

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Ginos ◽  
Liffert Vogt ◽  
Petra Frings-Meuthen ◽  
Martina Heer ◽  
Rik Olde Engberink
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background and Aims In daily clinical practice, individual-level sodium (Na) intake is often estimated by measuring Na excretion in a single 24h urine collection, but long-term Na balance studies indicate that 7 consecutive 24h urine collections are needed. However, this approach is not feasible in clinical settings. In this study, we investigate whether the use of repeated spot urine sampling is an appropriate alternative for repeated 24h urine collections. Method We performed a post-hoc analysis of a metabolic ward study in 8 healthy male adults who consumed a 7-day diet with a fixed amount of Na (200 mmol/d). Urine was collected in four daily intervals: 7-13h, 13-19h, 19-23h and 23-7h. After reaching steady state, we estimated Na intake with 1 and 3 consecutive 24h urine collections and 3-day spot urine sampling, using the Kawasaki formula with measured 24h urine creatinine excretion. Results: On day 5, mean 24h Na excretion matched intake, indicating that steady state was achieved (Fig A). Mean and standard deviation of absolute differences between estimated and measured Na intake (ΔNa) for each method were: 18.8 ±14.6 mmol (3 x spot urine 7-13h), 32.3 ±18.7 mmol (3 x spot urine 13-19h), 74.6 ±30.0 mmol (3 x spot urine 19-23h), 28.2 ±19.8 mmol (3 x spot urine 23-7h), 29.8 ±23.9 mmol (1 x 24h urine) and 22.9 ±11.3 mmol (3 x 24h urine) (Fig B). With the exception of the 19-23h spot urine collection period, the accuracy of 3-day spot urine sampling did not significantly differ from accuracy of 1 and 3 consecutive 24h urine collections. When combining the pre-night and morning spot urine collections (19-7h), the accuracy of the estimation did not improve (ΔNa 28.7 ±19.6 mmol). Conclusion 3-day spot urine sampling did not perform significantly different than 1 and 3 24h urine collections for estimation of individual-level Na intake. Adequately powered studies need to confirm whether repeated spot urine sampling is an accurate and low burden alternative to repeated 24h urine collections.

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