scholarly journals Effect of Pregnancy, Lactation Stage, Parity and Age on Yield and Components of Raw Milk in Holstein Friesian Cows in organized Dairy form in Allahabad

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhand Pratap ◽  
◽  
Deepak Kumar Verma ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
Ajit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

scholarly journals Factors affecting the freezing point of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
Ewa Ptak ◽  
Agnieszka Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of lactation number, month of milk sampling, lactation stage and herd size on the freezing point of milk of Polish Holstein‑Friesian cows. Data comprised 4,719,787 milk samples from the first seven lactations of 752,770 Polish Holstein- Friesian cows. Milk freezing point (MFP), milk yield, and fat and protein content were analyzed. The mean MFP of milk samples (-0.5326°C) as well as more than 92% of all milk samples did not exceed the quality limit for the freezing point of cows′ raw milk, which, following Polish standards, was taken to be -0.52°C. The freezing point of milk samples, milk yield, fat and protein content were highly significantly affected by all examined factors: month of sampling, successive lactations, stage of lactation, and herd size. MFP was lowest in milk samples taken from January to March, and highest in samples from November to December. MFP increased with lactation number. Mean MFP decreased with time within lactation, except the first stage (5-35 days in milk). Generally, MFP was highest in small herds (up to 9 cows) and lowest in large herds (more than 150 cows).

scholarly journals The effect of breed and stage of lactation on the microbiological status of raw milk

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Flóra Mária Petróczki ◽  
Tema Andualem Tonamo ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
Ferenc Peles
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

The microbiological quality of the milk is important not only for food safety, but it can also influence the quality of dairy products. The microbiological status of raw cow milk can be influenced by many factors. Our aim was to determine whether there was a difference between the microbiological quality of milk of two different cow breeds (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) kept and milked in the same conditions, and how the microbiological quality of the raw cow milk changed during lactation (beginning, mid, and end). Samples were taken and analysed in July, August and September in 2018 from two dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. During the conducted studies, the total plate count (TPC), the coliform count, the Staphylococcus aureus count and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) count of raw milk samples were determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the milk of the Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds in the case of TPC. However, the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Jersey cows. S. aureus was detected in one of the twelve milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and in two of the eleven milk samples taken from Jersey cows. CNS was found in larger amount in milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Both TPC and CNS count were significantly higher (P<0.05) in individual milk samples taken at the end stage of lactation, than in samples taken in the earlier stages of lactation from Farm “A”. However, in the case of Farm “B”, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in colony counts at different stages of lactation. S. aureus was only present in milk samples that collected from cows, which were at the beginning and middle stages of lactation. Testimg the hemolysin production ability of S. aureus strains isolated from the raw milk samples, only weak hemolysis was observed on blood agar. In case of antibiotic resistance testing, it was found that all strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Based on the results of our studies, staphylococci were detected in a higher amount in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows, and coliform bacteria were detected in a higher number in the milk of Jersey cows. Summing up the results of the milk samples taken from the different stages of lactation in one of the farms, it can be concluded that higher TPC and CNS count could be detected at the end stage of lactation than in the samples taken from the earlier stages of lactation. The fact that at the end of lactation the microorganisms could be detected in a higher colony count may be related to the fact that teats could be damaged during lactation by the milking machine, which increased the chance of imvading the microorganisms into the udder.

scholarly journals Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements in raw milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows from organic farm

2013 ◽  
Vol 185 (10) ◽  
pp. 8383-8392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pilarczyk ◽  
Jerzy Wójcik ◽  
Paweł Czerniak ◽  
Piotr Sablik ◽  
Bogumiła Pilarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows ◽  
Metals And Trace Elements

Plasma progesterone, metabolic hormones and beta-hydroxybutyrate in Holstein-Friesian cows after superovulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Bényei ◽  
István Komlósi ◽  
Anna Pécsi ◽  
Margit Kulcsár ◽  
László Huzsvai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Friesian Cows

Metabolic hormones [insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)], progesterone (P4) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) serum concentrations were evaluated and their effect on the superovulation results of donor cows was investigated in a semi-arid environment. Body weight, body condition score (BCS) and lactation stage were also included in the analysis. Twenty-three Holstein-Friesian cows were superovulated with 600 IU FSHp following the routine procedure and flushed on day 7 in a Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer Centre in the semi-arid area of Brazil. The corpora lutea (CL) were counted and blood samples were collected for assays. All of the hormones investigated and BHB serum concentrations were within the physiological ranges. There was a positive correlation between hormones, except between BHB and all the others. The leptin level was influenced by feeding status, as indicated by the BCS. Insulin, T4, T3 and BHB levels were affected by milking status. Dry cows had higher levels of all hormones except BHB. An optimum level of leptin resulted in the highest number of CL, while the linear increase of P4, T4 and IGF significantly increased the number of CL.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Content of Ketone Bodies in Milk and Milk Freezing Point of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Early Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-707
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
Ewa Ptak ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Marta Sabatowicz
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acetone (ACE) as well as parity and lactation stage and milk freezing point (MFP) in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in early lactation. Additionally, we studied the relationship between milk ketone bodies and daily milk yield (DMY), fat (MF) and protein (MP) content in milk. The data obtained from the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers, comprised 749,894 test day milk samples, collected between 6 and 60 days in milk (DIM) from 521,049 lactations of 514,066 cows. Milk BHB and ACE were determined using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technology. Four classes of parities were created: first, second, third, and fourth to seventh and two classes of lactation stage: 5–21 and 22–60 DIM. BHB was grouped into five classes: ≤0.05, 0.06–0.10, 0.11–0.20, 0.21–0.50 and >0.50 mmol/L, and ACE was also classified into five classes: ≤0.05, 0.06–0.10, 0.11–0.15, 0.16–0.30 and >0.30 mmol/L. Data on MFP, DMY, and MF and MP content were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and a linear model in which effects of parity, lactation stage, BHB and ACE classes were included, together with interactions between lactation stage and BHB classes, parity and BHB classes, lactation stage and ACE classes, and parity and ACE classes. The differences among parity, lactation stages, BHB and ACE classes in MFP, DMY, MF and MP were highly significant. There was a clear tendency for decreasing of MFP with increasing of BHB. Such a trend did not occur in case of ACE. DMY and MP decreased and MF increased with increasing BHB or ACE. In conclusion, since MFP can be measured relatively easily and is well related to milk BHB content, it may be used in the prediction of diagnostic models of ketosis based on milk composition.

scholarly journals Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase α and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes Polymorphism and their Influence on Fatty Acid Profile in Milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena M. Kęsek ◽  
Grzegorz Smołucha ◽  
Anna E. Zielak-Steciwko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Novel Snp ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse the association of ACACA and SCD1 polymorphism with milk composition, fatty acid profile in milk fat and milking performance of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The animals were divided according to criteria: lactation – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th; ACACA polymorphism – CC, CG, GG; SCD1 polymorphism – AA, VA, VV. The presence of A293V polymorphism of SCD1 gene in the population of Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle has been confirmed. In the analysed fragment of ACACA gene presence of a novel SNP has been revealed. The SNP AJ312201.1g.1488C>G consists of a substitution G>C in 1488 position. This ACACA polymorphism influenced C13:0, C14:1, C16:1 and CLA, while the analysed SCD1 polymorphism influenced C14:1. Interestingly, C16:0, C18:0 and C14:1 were influenced by fat content; while C16:1 was influenced by lactation stage; and CLA was influenced by both lactation stage and fat content. Although the novel SNP on ACACA gene and A293V on SCD1 showed only slight influence on fatty acid profile in this study, these genes are still potential candidate genes for fat content and composition in milk, but require further research.

scholarly journals Effect of lactation stage and energy status on milk fat composition of Holstein-Friesian cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Stoop ◽  
H. Bovenhuis ◽  
J.M.L. Heck ◽  
J.A.M. van Arendonk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Friesian Cows

scholarly journals The Use of Artificial Neural Networks and a General Discriminant Analysis for Predicting Culling Reasons in Holstein-Friesian Cows Based on First-Lactation Performance Records

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Adamczyk ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak ◽  
Daniel Zaborski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multilayer Perceptrons ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Correct Classification Rate ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of the present study was to verify whether artificial neural networks (ANN) may be an effective tool for predicting the culling reasons in cows based on routinely collected first-lactation records. Data on Holstein-Friesian cows culled in Poland between 2017 and 2018 were used in the present study. A general discriminant analysis (GDA) was applied as a reference method for ANN. Considering all predictive performance measures, ANN were the most effective in predicting the culling of cows due to old age (99.76–99.88% of correctly classified cases). In addition, a very high correct classification rate (99.24–99.98%) was obtained for culling the animals due to reproductive problems. It is significant because infertility is one of the conditions that are the most difficult to eliminate in dairy herds. The correct classification rate for individual culling reasons obtained with GDA (0.00–97.63%) was, in general, lower than that for multilayer perceptrons (MLP). The obtained results indicated that, in order to effectively predict the previously mentioned culling reasons, the following first-lactation parameters should be used: calving age, calving difficulty, and the characteristics of the lactation curve based on Wood’s model parameters.

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