Intelligent control based on ergatic systems in conditions of incomplete and fuzzy information

The article deals with the management of human-machine (ergatic) systems in the conditions of digital transformation in relation to their functioning in the presence of NON-factors, such as: uncertainty, complexity, instability, ambiguity. Modern conditions for the formation of the digital economy imply the search and use of a new methodology in the organization of management activities, including the regional level. This process is carried out through the widespread use of human-machine systems with a high level of intellectualization of the machine component, the use of hybrid intelligence and the formation of bionts. We show a variant of classification of ergatic systems, focused on socio-economic systems. We propose a method for choosing a rational alternative to support the management of human-machine systems in the conditions of vagueness and ambiguity of the initial data and approaches to the management quality criteria. A fuzzy approach to a multi-criteria problem is proposed. It leads to a certain combination of fuzzy selection criteria, and to the study of complex systems as a hierarchical structure, with the representation of system elements and its qualitative properties as fuzzy mathematical models, the combination of which will give a mathematical model of the systems.

Vibrational Analysis on Hemp and Okra Fibres Mixed Glass Fiber Polyester Composite

In transverse vibrations the element moves to and fro in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the advance of the wave. To determine the vibration characteristics i.e., natural frequencies and mode shapes, modal analysis is a process for a structure or a machine component while is being designed. In real life, aero planes, missiles, rockets, space vehicles, satellites, sub marines etc are modeled as free-free mechanical systems. In this paper an attempt was made to compare natural frequency for two composite materials- ladies finger with Glass fiber composite and Hemp with Glass fiber composite by taking as cantilever beams. The cantilever beam which is fixed at one end is vibrated to obtain the natural frequency, mode shapes at four different modes. A simple low cost demonstration experiment is performed in this paper by using common apparatus in order to compare theoretical, numerical (FEM analysis) profiles of two free-free thin two rectangular composite beams of dimensions 305*49.5* 7 in mm. Keywords: Natural frequencies, Mode shapes, Vibration characteristics, Ladies finger fiber, Hemp fiber, Glass fiber, FEM analysis, Free-Free system.

The Implementation of Laser Shaft Alignment System on Rotating Machines in the Bulla Field, Platform 6

Shaft misalignment is a common fault in rotating machines in the industry. Inadequate coupling alignment of rotating shafts often results in serious vibration problems and premature machine component failure. This article introduces the concept of using a laser shaft alignment system to improve equipment reliability, maintenance efficiency, and reduce rotating component wear. This paper explores the concept of implementation of laser shaft alignment system on rotating machines in the Bulla field, Platform 6. For this purpose, an appropriate tool has been selected for further implementation. As compared to a traditional mechanical method, the proposed electronic approach has more accurate results and optimize the performance gained via the previous techniques. Additionally, the application of the proposed system is user friendly and faster compared to the previous method. The measurement procedure is issued as per system manufacturer recommendation, and manufacturer video training will be submitted to appropriate maintenance staff. The novelty of the approach is to increase the reliability of rotating machines on Platform 6 in the Bulla field and develop Company maintenance processes by implementing a new laser measurement system.

Structural Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade

A turbine blade is a machine component which makes up the turbine section of a gas turbine. These blades are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor. The turbine blades are often the limiting component of the gas turbine. To survive in this difficult environment , turbine blades often use exotic materials like super alloys and many different methods of cooling , such as internal air channels and thermal barrier coatings. A common failure mode for turbine machine is high cycle of fatigue of compressor and turbine blades due to high dynamic stress caused by blade vibration and temperature has significant effect on gas turbine blades. The stresses with detrimental effect to the nozzle and blade were principally of thermal type, developed due to high temperature gradients across the air foil wall. These generate thermal fatigue mechanism and high steady state load leading to creep mechanism. In this project, a turbine blade is designed and modelled in NX Unigraphics software which is an advanced high-end CAD/CAE/CAM. The design is modified by changing the base of the blade to increase overall efficiency. Since the design of turbo machinery is complex and efficiency is directly related to material performance and material selection is of prime importance. In this project few materials are considered for turbine blade –titanium alloy and Nickel alloy. Optimisation will be done by varying the materials by performing structural analysis and thermal analysis on the turbine blades for both the designs

The Influence of Steel Composition on the Formation and Effectiveness of Anti-wear Films in Tribological Contacts

The effectiveness of antiwear additives in laboratory tests is commonly evaluated using specimens made of AISI 52100 through-hardened bearing steel. However, many lubricated machine components are made of steels with significantly different material compositions, which raises an important practical question of whether the performance of antiwear additives with these other steel types is different from that established with AISI 52100. To help answer this question, this paper investigates the influence of steel composition on the formation and effectiveness of antiwear films. Four steels that are commonly used in tribological applications, namely AISI 52100 through-hardened bearing steel, 16MnCr5 case-carburised gear steel, M2 high speed steel and 440C stainless steel are tested in rolling-sliding, ball-on-disc contacts lubricated with three custom-made oils, one containing ZDDP and two containing different types of ashless antiwear additives. The relative effectiveness of their boundary films was assessed by measuring their thickness and associated wear and friction over 12 h of rubbing at two specimen roughness levels. For ZDDP it was found that the formation of antiwear film was not significantly influenced by steel composition or specimen surface roughness. A similar tribofilm thickness, final tribofilm roughness and friction was observed with all four steels. No measurable wear was observed. By contrast, for the ashless antiwear additives the thickness and effectiveness of their tribofilms was strongly influenced by steel composition, particularly at higher roughness levels. The exact trends in film thickness vs steel relationship depended on the specific chemistry of the ashless additive (ester-based or acid-based) but in general, relative to AISI 52100 steel, M2 steel promoted ashless tribofilm formation whilst 440C retarded ashless tribofilm formation. This behaviour is attributed to the presence of different alloying elements and the ability of the additives to extract metal cations from the rubbing surfaces to support the growth of a tribofilm. In all cases ZDDP films were thicker and rougher, and produced higher friction than those formed by the ashless additives. However, unlike ZDDP, ashless blends generally produced significant wear, particularly with 16MnCr5 and M2 steels. The results indicate that to ensure reliable performance of a given machine component, the chemistry of an ashless antiwear additive should be matched with the types of steel present in the lubricated machine.

BALL BEARINGS SELF-STABILIZING OIL PRESSURE BEARINGS

A bearing is a machine component which permits relative motion and decreases friction amongst two surfaces. Bearing is a component that supports, guides, and decreases the friction of motion between fixed and moving machine components. The term bearing is derived from the verb “to bear” it means “to support”. In this paper I have compiled and compared generic bearings with SSO bearings from “Noctua”.

A reduced-order method with PGD for the analysis of misaligned journal bearing

In recent years, machine component design has been a major concern for researchers. Emphasis has been placed especially on the analysis of bearing systems in order to avoid detrimental contact. The shaft misalignment is one of the most problems that affects directly the operating conditions of these components. In this context, the present study proposes a reduced-order method "Proper Generalized Decomposition" (PGD) using the separation technique through the alternating direction strategy to solve the modified Reynolds equation, taking into account the presence of misalignment in the shafting system. The solution shows the representation of two types of misalignment geometry, especially axial and twisting. A comparison of the results between the proposed approach and the classical method, through several benchmark examples, made it possible to highlight that the new scheme is more efficient, converges quickly and provides accurate solutions, with a very low CPU time expenditure.

Pemeliharaan Mesin Hydraulic Shear Menggunakan Pendekatan Reliability Centered Maintenance dan Manajemen Suku Cadang

Production equipment that has a high operating time becomes a vital aspect in supporting the operational system, and its maintenance becomes a critical point that must be planned. This research discusses maintenance policies that focus on machine reliability and parts availability to produce proper maintenance actions, optimal maintenance scheduling and good spare-parts management. The research was conducted on a developing manufacturing company engaged the field of agricultural aids in the city of Bekasi. This study focused on hydraulic shear machines because they have the largest downtime value of 8,344.8 minutes. This problem has a negative impact on the company because it can reduce the yield. Based on these conditions, the study was conducted using the Reliability Centered Maintenance method to update the maintenance patterns and Poisson Process to determine the number of component requirements needed for the next one year. The data obtained in the form of historical damage to the machine, component cost, labor cost and production cost. This research produces an optimal preventive replacement time interval that is every 154 hours for the oil seal component, 242 hours for the shear blade component, and 324 hours for the oil hydraulic hose (1/2") component. While the number of critical components required for the next 1 year is 37 units for oil seal component, 10 units for shear blade components, and 7 units for oil hydraulic hose (1/2") component.