hyrcanian forest
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2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 104507
Author(s):  
Leila Homami Totmaj ◽  
Kammaledin Alizadeh ◽  
Panthea Giahchi ◽  
Javad Darvishi Khatooni ◽  
Hermann Behling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Quoc Bao Pham ◽  
Subodh Chandra Pal ◽  
Asish Saha ◽  
Indrajit Chowdhuri ◽  
Jasem A Albanai ◽  
...  

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1068 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Hrivniak ◽  
Pavel Sroka ◽  
Jindriska Bojkova ◽  
Roman J. Godunko ◽  
Peter Manko

A new species, Epeorus (Caucasiron) hyrcanicussp. nov., is described based on larval morphology and molecular data (COI) containing sequences from all Caucasian Caucasiron species described to date. The species is distributed in the Hyrcanian forest of southeastern Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Based on our wide-range sampling, the new species is likely endemic to this area. The most pronounced larval morphological diagnostic characters are the coloration pattern of abdominal sterna (a pair of oblique stripes and stripe-like medio-lateral maculae) and terga (triangular medial maculae), poorly developed projection of the costal margin of gill plates III, presence of hair-like setae on the surface of abdominal terga, and relatively wide shape of gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view). The diagnostic characters are compared to related species, and primary information to habitat is provided.


Author(s):  
Ghasem Ronoud ◽  
Parviz Fatehi ◽  
Ali A. Darvishsefat ◽  
Erkki Tomppo ◽  
Jaan Praks ◽  
...  

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5005 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
JÖRG MÜLLER ◽  
RUDOLF SCHUH

The Hyrcanian Forest, located south of the Caspian Sea, represents a remarkably intact temperate forest ecosystem containing large numbers of endemic plants and animals, including beetles. Here we describe a new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Solier, 1834) as the currently most eastern Tarphius species known. Tarphius hyrcanicus n. sp. is the first Tarphius species recorded from the Middle East. Its habitat and geographic positions are also reported. The discovery of this presumably endemic species in the Hyrcanian Forest underlines the importance of this Tertiary forest relict in the conservation of the biodiversity of temperate forests.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Hamed Yousefzadeh ◽  
Shahla Raeisi ◽  
Omid Esmailzadeh ◽  
Gholamali Jalali ◽  
Malek Nasiri ◽  
...  

Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae) is a small tree species widely distributed in Eurasia. The Hyrcanian forest is the southernmost distribution limit of this species. Severe habitat degradation and inadequate human interventions have endangered the long-term survival of this species in this region, and it is necessary to develop and apply appropriate management methods to prevent the loss of its genetic diversity. In this study, we used 10 SSR markers in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of this taxon. Leaf samples were collected from five known populations of S. aucuparia throughout its distribution area in the Hyrcanian forest. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.61 (ASH) to 0.73, and according to the M-ratio, all populations showed a significant reduction in effective population size, indicating a genetic bottleneck. Global FST was not statistically significant and attained the same values with and without excluding null alleles (ENA) correction (FST = 0.12). Bayesian analysis performed with STRUCTURE defined two genetic clusters among the five known populations, while the results of discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) identified three distinct groups. The average proportion of migrants was 22. In general, the gene flow was asymmetrical, with the biggest differences between immigration and emigration in Barzekoh and Asbehriseh. The Mantel test showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic distance (FST) and geographic distance in S. aucuparia. The best pathway for theoretical gene flow is located across the coast of the Caspian Sea and significant spatial autocorrelation was observed in only one population. In order to reduce the extinction risk of very small and scattered populations of S. aucuparia in the Hyrcanian forest, it is very important to establish and/or enhance the connectivity through habitat restoration or genetic exchange.


Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Tahereh Gholami-Terojeni ◽  
Fariba Sharifnia ◽  
Taher Nejadsattari ◽  
Mostafa Assadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hamdi

Alnus Mill. is a problematic genus of Betulaceae, and there are several intrageneric classifications for the genus. Alnus species are widely distributed in the Hyrcanian forest of Iran, and different species with some intraspecific taxonomic ranks including subspecies and varieties have been reported from this country. We evaluate seed micromorphology characteristics of ten taxa using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy in the current study. The data were analyzed using SPSS and MVSP software. Results revealed that qualitative characteristics such as seed shape, surface sculpturing pattern, presence of indumentum, and its type vary among the studied taxa and have diagnostic value. However, seed color was nearly stable among the taxa. Besides, quantitative variables highly differed among the taxa. In the UPGMA tree, Alnus taxa were clustered into three groups, and these groups were supported by PCA and PCO plots. According to the PCA bi-plot, some taxa were characterized by the particular characteristic(s) that was useful for their identification. In some cases taxa clustering was similar to those of previous phylogenetic and morphological studies. Our findings revealed that seed morphology characteristics are a valuable taxonomical tool in identifying most Alnus taxa, except for A. glutinosa subspecies, which have similar seed morphology features in common.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
M Bayranvand ◽  
M Akbarinia ◽  
G Salehi Jouzani ◽  
J Gharechahi ◽  
G Alberti

Author(s):  
Leila Homami Totmaj ◽  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Kammaledin Alizadeh ◽  
Hermann Behling

AbstractPast vegetation, fire, and climate dynamics, as well as human impact, have been reconstructed for the first time in the highlands of the Gilan province in the Alborz mountains (above the Hyrcanian forest) for the last 4,300 cal yrs bp. Multi-proxy analysis, including pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, and geochemical analysis, has been applied to investigate the environmental changes at 2,280 m a.s.l., above the Hyrcanian forest. Dominant steppe vegetation occurred in the study area throughout the recorded period. The formation of the studied mire deposits, as well as vegetation composition, suggest a change to wetter climatic conditions after 4,300 until 1,700 cal yrs bp. Fires were frequent, which may imply long-lasting anthropogenic activities in the area. Less vegetation cover with a marked decrease of the Moisture Index (MI) suggests drier conditions between 1,700 and 1,000 cal yrs bp. A high proportion of Cichorioideae and Amaranthaceae, as well as the reduction of trees, in particular Fagus and Quercus, at lower elevations, indicate human activities such as intense livestock grazing and deforestation. Soil erosion as the result of less vegetation due to dry conditions and/or human activities can be reconstructed from a marked increase of Glomus spores and high values of K and Ti. Since 1,000 cal yrs bp, the increasing MI, as well as the rise of Poaceae and Cyperaceae together with forest recovery, suggest a change to wetter conditions. The occurrence of still frequent Cichorioideae and Plantago lanceolata along with Sordaria reflect continued intense grazing of livestock by humans.


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