Late Holocene Hyrcanian forest and environmental dynamics in the mid-elevated highland of the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 104507
Author(s):  
Leila Homami Totmaj ◽  
Kammaledin Alizadeh ◽  
Panthea Giahchi ◽  
Javad Darvishi Khatooni ◽  
Hermann Behling
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Northern Iran

scholarly journals Four millennia of vegetation and environmental history above the Hyrcanian forest, northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Homami Totmaj ◽  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Kammaledin Alizadeh ◽  
Hermann Behling
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Northern Iran

AbstractPast vegetation, fire, and climate dynamics, as well as human impact, have been reconstructed for the first time in the highlands of the Gilan province in the Alborz mountains (above the Hyrcanian forest) for the last 4,300 cal yrs bp. Multi-proxy analysis, including pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, and geochemical analysis, has been applied to investigate the environmental changes at 2,280 m a.s.l., above the Hyrcanian forest. Dominant steppe vegetation occurred in the study area throughout the recorded period. The formation of the studied mire deposits, as well as vegetation composition, suggest a change to wetter climatic conditions after 4,300 until 1,700 cal yrs bp. Fires were frequent, which may imply long-lasting anthropogenic activities in the area. Less vegetation cover with a marked decrease of the Moisture Index (MI) suggests drier conditions between 1,700 and 1,000 cal yrs bp. A high proportion of Cichorioideae and Amaranthaceae, as well as the reduction of trees, in particular Fagus and Quercus, at lower elevations, indicate human activities such as intense livestock grazing and deforestation. Soil erosion as the result of less vegetation due to dry conditions and/or human activities can be reconstructed from a marked increase of Glomus spores and high values of K and Ti. Since 1,000 cal yrs bp, the increasing MI, as well as the rise of Poaceae and Cyperaceae together with forest recovery, suggest a change to wetter conditions. The occurrence of still frequent Cichorioideae and Plantago lanceolata along with Sordaria reflect continued intense grazing of livestock by humans.

scholarly journals Food Habits of the Endemic Long Legged Wood Frog, Rana Pseudodalmatina (Amphibia, Ranidae), in Northern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
M. Najibzadeh ◽  
A. Gharzi ◽  
N. Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
E. Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
A. Pesarakloo
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Content ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract Iranian long legged wood frog, Rana pseudodalmatina Eiselt & Schmidtler, 1971 is a brown frog species endemic to the Hyrcanian forest. The objective of the present study is to collect detailed information on the feeding habits of 44 specimens of this species (24 ♂, 20 ♀) by analyzing the stomach contents of individuals from 10 populations inhabiting range. The food habit of R. pseudodalmatina generally varies by the availability of surrounding prey items, and it is a foraging predator, the food of which consists largely of Coleoptera (mainly Carabidae, Dytiscidae and Haliplidae), Diptera (Muscidae) and Hymenoptera (Formicidae), and no difference was found between females and males in the stomach content.

Between the mountains and the sea: Late Holocene Caspian Sea level fluctuations and vegetation history of the lowland forests of northern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Almut Mrotzek ◽  
Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer ◽  
Ata Abdollahi Kakroodi ◽  
Salomon B. Kroonenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lowland Forests

The late-Holocene vegetation history of the Central Caspian (Hyrcanian) forests of northern Iran

The Holocene ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Mohammad R. Marvie Mohadjer ◽  
Hans-Dieter Knapp ◽  
Hassan Ahmadi ◽  
Hans Joosten
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Functional turnover from lowland to montane forests: evidence from the Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Jafari ◽  
S Zarre ◽  
SK Alavipanah ◽  
F Ghahremaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Northern Iran

scholarly journals S-allele frequency and genetic diversity of Malus orientalis Uglitzk along an altitudinal gradient in the Hyrcanian forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. e015
Author(s):  
Hamed Yousefzadeh ◽  
Rasta Rajaei ◽  
Bjarne Larsen ◽  
Hamid Bina ◽  
Gregor Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Malus Orientalis

AbstractAim of study: The Caucasian apple (Malus orientalis Uglitzk.) is distributed throughout the Hyrcanian forest. The species keeps a gametophytic self-incompatibility reproduction system based on a single S-allele. In order to ensure a high mating probability and thereby long-term survival of the populations, a high S-allele diversity is needed.Area of study: Three populations of Caucasian apple along an altitudinal gradient in northern Iran were studied.Material and methods: Here, we evaluated the S allele frequency and genetic diversity based on a small set of individuals.Main results: Moderate genetic diversity within population and high genetic differentiation among populations are suggested. In total, 18 S-alleles were identified among the three populations with between 10 and 12 S-alleles at each population site.Research highlight: The diversity of S-alleles showed a significant positive correlation with altitude, which is consistent with the positive correlation of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Effect of log length on productivity and cost of Timberjack 450C skidder in the Hyrcanian forest in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Average Slope ◽  
Total Productivity

This paper presents research results on the performance of the Timberjack 450C skidder in timber skidding at two working sites of broadleaved trees in mountainous conditions in the Hyrcanian forest. To evaluate the current skidding system in the Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran and possibility of finding out better techniques and group organization an empirical time study has been conducted. The elements of the skidding work phase were identified and 123 cycles were recorded for short-log and long-log method. The models for effective time consumption, total productivity and unit cost of skidding in short-log and long-log method were calculated. The time consumption and productivity of skidding depend on several variables such as distances and slope, number of logs per cycle and volume. The average load per cycle in short-log and long-log method was 2.77 m<sup>3</sup> and 3.08 m<sup>3</sup>, the average one-way skidding distance was 380 and 497 m, the average slope was 18 and 20% in the short-log and long-log method, respectively. The average travel speeds of unloaded skidder were 5.74 km·h<sup>–1</sup> and the average speeds of loaded skidder were 7.67 and 6.16 km·h<sup>–1</sup> in short-log and long-log method, respectively. The average speeds of pulling the cable were 1.71 km·h<sup>–1</sup>, and of load winching 0.72 km·h<sup>–1</sup> and 0.69 km·h<sup>–1</sup>. The average outputs in short-log and long-log method were 10.86, 11.11 m<sup>3</sup>·effective h<sup>–1</sup>. Results indicated that hourly costs of operation were higher for the short-log method than for the long-log method (12.69 vs.12.40 USD·m<sup>–3</sup>). 

scholarly journals Classification of the Hyrcanian forest vegetation, Northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Gholizadeh ◽  
Alireza Naqinezhad ◽  
Milan Chytrý
Keyword(s):  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Northern Iran
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