Gearless Powertrain for Electric Vehicles

Electrical Machines are driving the modern world in one way or the other. The modern world is moving towards the sustainability of ecological systems and greener modes of transportation to stabilize the environmental conditions for future generations. For this, the multiphase machines have risen as efficient solutions over traditional 3-phase electrical machines. In this project, a Pole Phase Modulated (PPM) multiphase induction motor drive is developed for gearless electric vehicle applications. With the help of conventional pole changing techniques (like using multiple auxiliary windings or dual stator windings) variable speed and torques can be achieved but the poor copper utilization, de-energization of the windings, and multiple auxiliary windings are the major limitations. In this project, a novel single stator winding multiphase induction motor is developed that is capable of delivering variable speed-torques by varying the number of phases as well as poles simultaneously using novel multiphase power converter topologies. Moreover, the proposed drive offers high fault-tolerant capability, the ability to handle high power with reduced voltage ratings of power electronic devices, better torque/power distribution, and improved efficiency with a lesser magnitude of space harmonics, etc. The proposed drive gives similar speed torque characteristics of conventional IC-based conventional vehicles, which helps in the elimination of the gearbox system in the EVs. This minimizes the cost, size, weight, and volume of the vehicle. Two-level inverters and multilevel inverters with carrier phase shifted space vector PWM are developed for achieving the better performance of the PPM-based MIM drive w.r.t. efficiency, torque ripple and DC link utilization. Fault-tolerant operation of the drive with respect to inverter switch or source failures is also developed as a part of the project and presented. To operate the PPM-based MIM drive smoothly in different pole phase combinations, the indirect field-oriented vector control is developed and presented.

Universal Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Uncertain Dynamics

This paper focuses on the universal control design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with uncertain system dynamics. In vector control, classical proportional-integral (PI) controllers are used to control d-q axis currents and speed of the PMSM. This paper uses two control methods: conventional field-oriented vector control and simplified control. First, all the control gains are determined for numerous PMSMs with various power ratings using an empirical study and generalized mathematical expressions are derived for each of the gains. Then, these expressions are used for automatic gain calculation for various PMSMs with a wide power-rating range. In vector control, the control gains are determined using only the motor power ratings. In the simplified control, generalized control gain expressions are obtained using the number of pole pairs and the flux linkage. Compared to the vector control, the simplified control method provides much simpler generalized mathematical expressions. Validation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment using various PMSMs from 0.2 HP to 10 HP, and results show accurate tracking of reference speed and d-q axis reference currents. Thus, the proposed gain scheduling approach is effective and can be used for self-commissioning motor drives.

Z-Source Inverter for Energy Management and Vector Control for Electric Vehicle Based PMSM

Electric vehicles have gained considerable attention recently due to the ever increasing demand for a viable alternative to the current fossil fuel-dependent modes of transportation. These automobiles are reliant on power electronics to generate the energy required for the motor. Traditional converters, namely the V-source (VS) and C-source (CS), are vulnerable to EMI noise, their main circuits cannot be interchangeable and they are either a boost or a buck converter. Therefore, their output voltage is strictly higher or lower than the input voltage. In an effort to negate these drawbacks, new inverters such as the Z-source were conceptualized. This work aims to study the applicability of the Z-source in the traction chain of an electric vehicle in order to feed a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The latter is controlled with field oriented vector control reinforced with a backstepping technique in an attempt to ensure tracking ability and robustness. Energy management is also supported in this article in an effort to optimize the performance of the electric vehicle under different operating conditions. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed system in enhancing the energy management of the vehicle, in addition to its simplicity which can facilitate an eventual implementation using a DSP or a Dspace platform.

Neural Adaptive Kalman Filter for Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor

This paper presents a novel neural adaptive Kalman filter for speed sensorless field oriented vector control of induction motor. The adaptive observer proposed here is based on MRAS (model reference adaptive system) technique, where the linear Kalman filter calculate the stationary components of stator current and the rotor flux and the rotor speed is calculated with an adaptive mechanism. Moreover, to improve the performance of the PI classical controller under different conditions, a novel adaptation scheme based on ADALINE (ADAptive LInear NEuron) neural network is used. It offers a solution to the PI parameters to stabilize automatically about their optimum values and speed estimation to converge quicker to the real. The proposed adaptive Kalman filter represents a good comprise between estimation accuracy and computationally intensive. The simulation results showed the robustness, efficiency, and superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the classical method even in low speed region.

Simulation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Field Oriented Vector Control System

This template illustrates the control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) which uses field oriented vector control(field oriented vector control). PMSM is a complex, strong coupling and nonlinear system. And field oriented vector control could provide good performance as well as the PI controller setted with well parameter matching. Whereas limited by the number of voltage vector, the other control method of PMSM, direct torque control, could not satisfy accurate control when the machine running with a low speed. So modulation of the whole system is built here to realize closed-loop field oriented vector control control by keeping id=0 , and the machine model and the transformation among different coordinate system are discussed. The system is verified effective and feasible.