Elastisitas Harga dan Elastisitas Pendapatan Permintaan Energi Listrik pada Rumah Tangga di Indonesia

Sektor rumah tangga menempati posisi kedua sebagai konsumen energi terbesar di Indonesia. Listrik adalah energi dominan yang dikonsumsi oleh rumah tangga di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis elastisitas harga dan elastisitas pendapatan permintaan listrik pada sektor rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data mikro Susenas Maret 2018. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan harga listrik berpengaruh negatif terhadap permintaan listrik, sedangkan variabel pendapatan per kapita, ukuran rumah tangga, umur kepala rumah tangga, pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, dan wilayah tempat tinggal berpengaruh positf terhadap permintaan listrik. Koefisien elastisitas harga dan koefisien elastisitas pendapatan menunjukkan nilai yang elastis terhadap permintaan listrik. Hal ini menunjukkan listrik tergolong “normal goods” dan merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi rumah tangga di Indonesia.

Determinants of food demand among urban households in Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria

Agricultural products including rice, yam and cowpea play significant roles in the food consumption of urban dwellers. However, increase in crop production cost has continued to threaten urban food price in Nigeria. This study analyzed the determinants of demand for food commodities among urban households in Minna metropolis. Data were collected from 110 household heads of urban residences, which were selected through a three-stage random sampling technique. Data collected for the study were analyzed using multiple regression technique. The results showed that rice, yam and cowpea were price in-elastic. The cross-price elasticities for rice, yam and cowpea were -0.132, 0.028 and 0.005 respectively. The computed own price, cross price and income elasticity of demand for rice were –0.308, -0.132 and 0.018 respectively. For yam, the computed values were -1.262, 0.028 and 0.289 respectively. While for cowpea, these values were -0.530, 0.005 and 0.002 respectively. For the income elasticity, rice and cowpea were proven to be normal goods and yam as a luxury good. The social protection strategies in form of food aids policy should be put into action to minimize the inflationary pressure on food items in the urban areas.

The Supply Chain Disruption Framework Post COVID-19: A System Dynamics Model

The COVID pandemic seems to have raised the question, ‘whether existing supply chain (SC) disruption philosophies and strategies continue to remain valid?’. This article assesses the differences in the business scenarios pre-and post-COVID. The authors capture the mathematical and operational relationships amongst the relevant factors and propose a System Dynamics (SD) model to carry out the simulations. The approach considers the impact of the force majeure condition, that is, COVID period on individuals’ income, prices and demand of goods, cost of input and supply of finished goods. The results show that earnings may increase demand but, disruption in supplies of raw materials and finished products nullify the effect. On the other hand, even if flow returns to normal, reduced income affects normal goods businesses. JEL Codes: R41

Components of household income and elasticity of consumption expenditure in Kurnool and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh

This paper explores the nature of the different income sources, consumption expenditure and income elasticity of different group of items and the relationship among them as exhibited in the study areas. Both households sources of income and consumption expenditure shows similar trend in the two districts. From the two models used: total consumption expenditure and family size elasticities of consumption expenditure and income and family size elasticities of consumption expenditure, the former provide accurate prediction of Engel laws of consumption for classification consumption goods into inferior, normal and luxuries goods. It was found that increase in family size has an adverse effect in consumption of most luxuries and normal goods. It was noted that normal and inferior goods become luxury goods as family size increases. It implies that increase in the family size affects standard of living and quality of life adversely. Hence, appropriate strategies should be put in place to curb the negative impacts of population explosion to hasten the nation move towards prosperity.

Revealed Preference Analysis with Normal Goods: Application to Cost-of-Living Indices

We present a revealed preference methodology for nonparametric demand analysis under the assumption of normal goods. Our methodology is flexible in that it allows for imposing normality on any subset of goods. We show the usefulness of our methodology for empirical welfare analysis through cost-of-living indices. An illustration to US consumption data drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) demonstrates that mild normality assumptions can substantially strengthen the empirical analysis. It obtains considerably tighter bounds on cost-of-living indices and a significantly more informative classification of better-off and worse-off individuals after the 2008 financial crisis. (JEL D11, D12, E31, G01)

ANALISIS PERMINTAAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PENERIMA MANFAAT BANTUAN PANGAN NON TUNAI (BPNT) DI KOTA BOGOR

Food is a basic need and access to food is a human rights that must be fulfilled. Meeting food needs is the main target of food policy carried out by the government, especially for the poor household. One of the government's policies in terms of food is Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT). The purpose of this study was to analysis the food demand for BPNT's beneficiary household and not receiving BPNT. This study used primary data on food consumption with the highest share of expenditure of poor households in Bogor City. Demand for food was estimated by LA-AIDS (Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System) model. The results this study showed that there were significant differences in the average consumption of rice, non-rice and animal protein consumption between BPNT and non-BPNT households. The highest of food expenditure in both households was processed food and beverages. The BPNT dummy variable did not sign for a share of food expenditure. The result of the estimate also showed that rice, animal protein, vegetables, food and beverages and cigarettes are inelastic at their prices elasticity. All types of food studied were normal goods. Non-rice, vegetables and processed food and beverages were substitutes for rice in BPNT recipient households while in non-BPNT only processed food and beverages was substitutes for rice. The interesting thing in this research was that cigarettes become a complimentary item to all foods.

ANALISIS PERMINTAAN CABAI RAWIT MERAH (Capsicum frutescens) DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Red cayenne papper is a food ingredient that has a high demand at the level of household consumers. Demand for red cayenne is influenced by several factors. Factors demand for red cayenne papper were red cayenne papper prices, curly red chili prices, household consumer income, number of family members and consumer tastes. The research aimed to analyze the determinant factors of red cayenne papper demand and to analyze elasticity of demand of red cayenne pepper in Semarang Regency. The research location determined by purposive. Survey method was used with Quota sampling to select 90 respondents from 3 District in Semarang Regency with the criteria of highest, medium and low red cayenne pepper production. Respondents taken by snowball method. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Regression analyzed showed that independent variabels simultaneosly significant on dependent variabel. Partially the income of consumers, the number of family members and consumer tastes significantly influence the demand for red cayenne pepper. While the price of red cayenne pepper and curly red chili did not significantly affect the demand for red cayenne pepper. Red cayenne pepper elasticity was elastic 0.135 and categorized as normal goods. The income elasticity was 0.317. Curly red chili was substitutes red cayenne pepper with elasticity 0.122.

Efficient multiunit auctions for normal goods

I study multiunit auction design when bidders have private values, multiunit demands, and non‐quasilinear preferences. Without quasilinearity, the Vickrey auction loses its desired incentive and efficiency properties. I give conditions under which we can design a mechanism that retains the Vickrey auction's desirable incentive and efficiency properties: (1) individual rationality, (2) dominant strategy incentive compatibility, and (3) Pareto efficiency. I show that there is a mechanism that retains the desired properties of the Vickrey auction if there are two bidders who have single‐dimensional types. I also present an impossibility theorem that shows that there is no mechanism that satisfies Vickrey's desired properties and weak budget balance when bidders have multidimensional types.