scholarly journals Sphagnum moss as a novel growth medium in sustainable indoor agriculture systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 100269
Author(s):  
Michelle M.P. McKeon-Bennett ◽  
Trevor R. Hodkinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Agriculture Systems

Ultrastructural Alterations in Hela Cells Induced by Spider Venom

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Dale E. McClendon ◽  
Paul N. Morgan ◽  
Bernard L. Soloff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Venom Protein ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Loxosceles Reclusa ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Solution Cultures

It has been observed that minute amounts of venom from the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, are capable of producing cytotoxic changes in cultures of certain mammalian cells (Morgan and Felton, 1965). Since there is little available information concerning the effect of venoms on susceptible cells, we have attempted to characterize, at the electron microscope level, the cytotoxic changes produced by the venom of this spider.Cultures of human epithelial carcinoma cells, strain HeLa, were initiated on sterile, carbon coated coverslips contained in Leighton tubes. Each culture was seeded with approximately 1x105 cells contained in 1.5 ml of a modified Eagle's minimum essential growth medium prepared in Hank's balanced salt solution. Cultures were incubated at 36° C. for three days prior to the addition of venom. The venom was collected from female brown recluse spiders and diluted in sterile saline. Protein determinations on the venom-were made according to the spectrophotometric method of Waddell (1956). Approximately 10 μg venom protein per ml of fresh medium was added to each culture after discarding the old growth medium. Control cultures were treated similarly, except that no venom was added. All cultures were reincubated at 36° C.

Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
L. P. Hardie ◽  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
S. E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Iron Limitation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

Isaac Bayley Balfour, Sphagnum moss, and the Great War (1914–1918)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
The United States ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
The Great War

Isaac Bayley Balfour was a systematist specializing in Sino-Himalayan plants. He enjoyed a long and exceptionally distinguished academic career yet he was knighted, in 1920, “for services in connection with the war”. Together with an Edinburgh surgeon, Charles Cathcart, he had discovered in 1914 something well known to German doctors; dried Sphagnum (bog moss) makes highly absorptive, antiseptic wound dressings. Balfour directed the expertise and resources of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (of which he was Keeper), towards the identification of the most useful Sphagnum species in Britain and the production of leaflets telling collectors where to find the moss in Scotland. By 1918 over one million such dressings were used by British hospitals each month. Cathcart's Edinburgh organisation, which received moss before making it into dressings, proved a working model soon adopted in Ireland, and later in both Canada and the United States.

Soil Spatial Heterogeneity and Systems of Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soil Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Agriculture Systems ◽  
Zonal Soils

Aim. To consider soil continuality and discreteness as features of heterogeneity manifestation in a soil cover, important for construction of agriculture systems. Methods. Geostatistical research of soil spatial heterogeneity, revealing the contours of a fi eld with various parameters of fertility. Results. The use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of indicative properties of fi eld soils using a regular grid allowed to divide a fi eld into contours with three levels of fertility: the fi rst one is characterized by optimal or close to optimum properties which allows refusing from (or reducing substantially) tillage, introduction of fertilizers or chemical ameliorates; the second one has average parameters of fertility corresponding to zonal soils and demands the application of zonal technologies; the third one (with the worst parameters of fertility) presupposes regular use of the improved technologies. Conclusions. The introduction of precise agriculture will allow replacing a traditional zonal system with thenew which is soil-protecting and resource-saving one.

Colonization of decomposing Sphagnum moss litter by mycorrhizal roots in two types of peatland ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Mateusz Wilk ◽  
Julia Pawłowska ◽  
Marta Wrzosek ◽  
Michał Gorczak ◽  
Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

During a 35-month study on the decomposition of Sphagnum moss litter in poor fen and pine bog forest, an intensive colonization of litter-bags by mycorrhizal roots was observed during the decomposition process. Content of mycorrhizal roots in litter-bags, expressed as % mass of roots, was generally increasing during the decomposition in pine bog forest, and fluctuating during decomposition on poor fen, although in both cases the results were statistically insignificant. Two morphotypes of ericoid roots and two morphotypes of ectomycorrhizal roots were recorded from litter-bags on poor fen during the decomposition experiment, while in pine bog forest one morphotype of ericoid and nine morphotypes of ectomycorrhizal roots were recorded. Molecular identification of mycorrhizal roots succeeded only in the case of one ericoid and six putatively ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. Most morphotypes were recorded only once during the whole 35-month decomposition period, and only one ericoid and one ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were shared between the poor fen and pine bog forest communities.

Cultivation and Harvesting of Selenium-Enriched Ganoderma lingzhi and Spent Medium Using Kudzu Vine as Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Zeng Xianlu ◽  
Han Fei ◽  
Zhong Yanmei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ganoderma Lingzhi ◽  
Run Speed

In order to harvest selenium-enriched fruiting body and spores of Ganoderma lingzhi and spent medium, G. lingzhi was cultivated in kudzu vine as substrate and the bio-transformation of selenite was evaluated. The growth medium consisted of Kudzu vine supplemented with 20% wheat bran or sawdust or none. The growth medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg of sodium selenite. We found a significant difference in spawn run speed, fruiting body and spore yields when Kudzu vine was supplemented with wheat bran or sawdust. However, when whole-kudzu vine was used alone as substrate, it resulted in a significantly lower spawn run speed, fruiting body, and spore yields compared with kudzu vine + sawdust substrate and kudzu vine + wheat bran substrate. The selenium content in fruiting body and spores increased with increasing sodium selenite supplementation and approximately equaled half of the selenium in the substrate. No selenite was detected in both the fruiting body and spores. However, in the spent medium when sodium selenite was supplemented at 10, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg, the residual selenite concentration decreased to 0.45, 0.72, 1.29, and 1.95 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting a higher selenite transformation (92.27–93.57%). In conclusion, if Ganoderma fruiting body and spores were to be harvested for human consumption, approximately 50 mg/kg selenite should be added to the growth substrate. On the other hand, if the spent medium was to be used as an organic selenium source, the optimal sodium selenite supplementation level would be 10 mg/kg.

Selenium Uptake by a Coal Mine Wetland Sediment

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Baldwin ◽  
Al Henry Hodaly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Selenium Uptake ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Sediment from a wetland receiving runoff from a coal mine waste dump in the Elk River Valley of southeast British Columbia was assessed for potential selenium uptake. Selenite [SeO32-, Se(IV)] was found to adsorb to the washed sediment at pH 7 to 8, whereas no selenate [SeO42-, Se(VI)] was adsorbed, in the concentration range of 8 to 225 μg L-1 Se as selenite or selenate. Sulfate- and selenate-reducing bacterial activity was detected in the sediment. In the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 619(±53) μg L-1 to 15(±0.7) μg L-1, and in the presence of selenate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 364(±66) mg L-1 to 22(±10) mg L-1. Semi-continuous microcosms containing sediment overlaid with selenate (500 μg L-1 Se) and sulfate (0.9 g L-1) containing water were amended with plant debris from the site or nutrients (lactate and fertilizer). Potential selenate reduction rate (0.76 h-1) was highest in the unamended microcosms. Amendment with plant debris from the site had a negative effect on selenate reduction rate in the short term (after one hour) and a positive effect on Se removal in the long term (after one week). This study suggests that wetland sediments at the mine site may be important sinks for Se.

scholarly journals Functional diversity and trait composition of vascular plant and Sphagnum moss communities during peatland succession across land uplift regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Laine ◽  
Tapio Lindholm ◽  
Mats Nilsson ◽  
Oleg Kutznetsov ◽  
Vincent E. J. Jassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Land Uplift
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