Identification and glass biodeterioration of Chaetomium globosum TTHF1-3 isolated from optical instrument at Thai Hoa, Nghe An province

The colonization and growth of harmful fungi on the glass surface have caused irreversible damage to optical quality. Harmful grades observed on the optical instruments depend on the biological characteristics of fungi that vary from species to species. The present study focused on isolation, identification, and evaluation of glass biodeterioration properties such as organic acid and exopolysaccharide production of fungal strain Chaetomium globosum TTHF1-3 isolated from lens of optical instrument collected at Thai Hoa, Nghe An province. Under microscopic observation, the fungal strain TTHF1-3 cells showed brown or dark brown color perithecia and ascospores. Based on ITS sequence analyses, the strain TTHF1-3 was found to share 100% sequence identity with that of C. globosum species deposited on GenBank (NCBI). A in situ biodeterioration test exhibited the hyphal surface coverage of strain TTHF1-3 reaching 29.77±1.15%, which corresponded to harmful grade 2 based on the ISO 9022-11:2015 criteria. When incubated on MT4 medium containing glucose and mineral elements, the pH values of C. globosum TTHF1-3 culture were significantly decreased from 6.5 to 3.12±0.12, which was in contrast to MT1 medium. In addition, fungal strain TTHF1-3 was able to produce 8.2±0.3 g/L exopolysaccharides. The findings in the present study confirmed that C. globosum TTHF1-3 was harmful fungus responsible for glass biodeterioration.

Yuri Gagarin public astronomical observatory – the first in Bulgaria: 60 years later

The report presents an analysis of the history of the Public Astronomical Observatory (NAO) "Yuri Gagarin", the city of Stara Zagora, which was officially opened on February 26, 1961. The initiative to open it belongs to a group of enthusiasts, among which the figure of Boncho Bonev is of particular importance. With financial and material assistance from the municipality of Stara Zagora, the first premises were equipped and the first astronomical instruments and equipment were purchased. The observatory bears the name of the world's first pilot - cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. The natural evolution of the development of the Observatory is presented, as well as the need of creation an observational base outside the city, in the area of the Ayazmo Park (opened in 1968). The supply with amateur telescopes is shown, as well as of a large optical instrument for professional astronomical work – a refractor (200/3000 mm), the Kude system, the production of the Carl Zeiss, Jena (former East Germany). The acquired ZKP-2 planetarium at the Carl Zeiss factory in Jena expands the NAO's capabilities in the education and promotion of astronomy and space science.The evolution of extracurricular astronomy training and the mass popularization of the achievements of astronomy, aeronautics, physics and human technology in PAOP are analyzed, as well as scientific observations of artificial Earth satellites. In this connection, in 1979 a specialized out-of-town observation base was built in the area of the Stara Zagora Mineral Baths, equipped with one of the most modern devices of its time – the AFU-75 satellite camera. An attempt was made to periodize the history of PAOP «Yu. Gagarin», the main stages being arranged in time according to significant historical, technological, organizational or other events.

Efektifitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Inquiry Melalui Implementasi Modeling Instruction pada Materi Alat Optik

This study aims to analyze inquiry-based learning through the implementation of modeling instruction on optical instrument materials. This research method used quantitative descriptive research. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA SMAN 2 Donggo. The collection technique includes observation, literature review, questionnaire, test and documentation. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively quantitatively, among the research data to be analyzed are: student activities, learning outcomes, and student responses to ongoing learning. The results of this study include: 1) Student activity obtained a score of 74.58% or good category, 2) Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on optical instrument material can actually improve students' understanding with an N-gain score of 1.3 points or very high category. high, 3) Student responses to learning obtained a score of 84.37% or very interesting category. Based on the results of the study, it was found that through Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on Optical Instruments material, it can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in class, especially in Physics subjects.

EFEKTIVITAS MODEL ICARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF ALAT OPTIK

ABSTRAKTujuan pendidikan pada saat ini adalah untuk mendidik individu yang dapat memecahkan suatu permasalahan yang mereka temui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu keterampilan yang dibutuhkan untuk memecahkan permasalahan yaitu keterampilan berpikir kreatif. Keterampilan berpikir kreatif merupakan salah satu cara berpikir yang dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan kerja dan masyarakat di abad 21, yang harus dilatihkan kepad apeserta didik Ketika proses pembelajaran. Namun kenyataannya, keterampilan berpikir kreatif ini jarang sekali dilatihkan kepada peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran ICARE untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi alat optik. Digunakan metode penelitian semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain one group pretest posttest. Instrumen penelitian berupa soal uraian sebanyak 12 soal yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 peserta didik, dengan mengunakan teknik analisis data gain ternormalisasi untuk melihat peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan uji effect size untuk mengetahui efek dari model pembelajaran ICARE. Hasil penelitian berupa nilai gain ternormalisasi sebesar 0,44 yang termasuk kategori sedang dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil uji effect size untuk keterampilan berpikir kreatif sebesar 3,47 yang termasuk pada kategori tinggi. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran ICARE efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi alat optik. Kata kunci: model pembelajaran ICARE; keterampilan berpikir kreatif; alat optik ABSTRACTThe purpose of education is to guide students to solve problems in real life. One of the skills needed to solve problems is creative thinking skills. Creative thinking skills are one of the ways of thinking that a person needs in work life and society in the 21st century. However, in reality, these creative thinking skills are not trained to students in the learning process. So, this study aims to apply the ICARE learning model to improve the creative thinking skills of class XI SMA students on optical instrument material. A quasi-experimental research method was used with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The instrument in this study was 12 questions that were reliable and valid in terms of descriptions of creative thinking skills and were given a score of 1-4 in accordance with the assessment rubric. Participants in this study were 24 students, with data analysis techniques using N-Gain and the effect size to determine the effect of the ICARE learning model. The result of this research is a normalized gain value of 0.44 which is included in the medium category with a significance level of 0.05. Furthermore, the effect size test results obtained for creative thinking skills of 3.47 which are included in the high category. These results that the ICARE learning model is effective in improving students' creative thinking skills in optical instrument material. Keywords: ICARE learning model; creative thinking skills; optical material