Identification and glass biodeterioration of Chaetomium globosum TTHF1-3 isolated from optical instrument at Thai Hoa, Nghe An province

The colonization and growth of harmful fungi on the glass surface have caused irreversible damage to optical quality. Harmful grades observed on the optical instruments depend on the biological characteristics of fungi that vary from species to species. The present study focused on isolation, identification, and evaluation of glass biodeterioration properties such as organic acid and exopolysaccharide production of fungal strain Chaetomium globosum TTHF1-3 isolated from lens of optical instrument collected at Thai Hoa, Nghe An province. Under microscopic observation, the fungal strain TTHF1-3 cells showed brown or dark brown color perithecia and ascospores. Based on ITS sequence analyses, the strain TTHF1-3 was found to share 100% sequence identity with that of C. globosum species deposited on GenBank (NCBI). A in situ biodeterioration test exhibited the hyphal surface coverage of strain TTHF1-3 reaching 29.77±1.15%, which corresponded to harmful grade 2 based on the ISO 9022-11:2015 criteria. When incubated on MT4 medium containing glucose and mineral elements, the pH values of C. globosum TTHF1-3 culture were significantly decreased from 6.5 to 3.12±0.12, which was in contrast to MT1 medium. In addition, fungal strain TTHF1-3 was able to produce 8.2±0.3 g/L exopolysaccharides. The findings in the present study confirmed that C. globosum TTHF1-3 was harmful fungus responsible for glass biodeterioration.

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The Nature of Chemisorbed CO2 in Zeolite A

10.26434/chemrxiv.7422815 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Przemyslaw Rzepka ◽

Zoltán Bacsik ◽

Andrew J. Pell ◽

Niklas Hedin ◽

Aleksander Jaworski

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽

Quantum Chemical ◽

Surface Coverage ◽

Gas Mixtures ◽

Mas Nmr ◽

Significant Fraction ◽

Zeolite A

Formation of CO32- and HCO3- species without participation of the framework oxygen atoms upon chemisorption of CO2 in zeolite |Na12|-A is revealed. The transfer of O and H atoms is very likely to have proceeded via the involvement of residual H2O or acid groups. A combined study by solid-state 13C MAS NMR, quantum chemical calculations, and in situ IR spectroscopy showed that the chemisorption mainly occurred by the formation of HCO3-. However, at a low surface coverage of physisorbed and acidic CO2, a significant fraction of the HCO3- was deprotonated and transformed into CO32-. We expect that similar chemisorption of CO2 would occur for low-silica zeolites and other basic silicates of interest for the capture of CO2 from gas mixtures.

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A new hypothesis for the origin of Amazonian Dark Earths

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20184-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas C. R. Silva ◽

Rodrigo Studart Corrêa ◽

Jamie L. Wright ◽

Barbara Bomfim ◽

Lauren Hendricks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

High Fertility ◽

Natural Processes ◽

Plant Cultivation ◽

In Situ Deposition ◽

Amazonian Dark Earths ◽

Landscape Formation

AbstractAmazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are unusually fertile soils characterised by elevated concentrations of microscopic charcoal particles, which confer their distinctive colouration. Frequent occurrences of pre-Columbian artefacts at ADE sites led to their ubiquitous classification as Anthrosols (soils of anthropic origin). However, it remains unclear how indigenous peoples created areas of high fertility in one of the most nutrient-impoverished environments on Earth. Here, we report new data from a well-studied ADE site in the Brazilian Amazon, which compel us to reconsider its anthropic origin. The amounts of phosphorus and calcium—two of the least abundant macronutrients in the region—are orders of magnitude higher in ADE profiles than in the surrounding soil. The elevated levels of phosphorus and calcium, which are often interpreted as evidence of human activity at other sites, correlate spatially with trace elements that indicate exogenous mineral sources rather than in situ deposition. Stable isotope ratios of neodymium, strontium, and radiocarbon activity of microcharcoal particles also indicate exogenous inputs from alluvial deposition of carbon and mineral elements to ADE profiles, beginning several thousands of years before the earliest evidence of soil management for plant cultivation in the region. Our data suggest that indigenous peoples harnessed natural processes of landscape formation, which led to the unique properties of ADEs, but were not responsible for their genesis. If corroborated elsewhere, this hypothesis would transform our understanding of human influence in Amazonia, opening new frontiers for the sustainable use of tropical landscapes going forward.

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In situ assessment of the contact angles of nanoparticles adsorbed at fluid interfaces by multiple angle of incidence ellipsometry

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/c4sm00482e ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (36) ◽

pp. 6999-7007 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Antonio Stocco ◽

Ge Su ◽

Maurizio Nobili ◽

Martin In ◽

Dayang Wang

Keyword(s):

Surface Coverage ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Fluid Interfaces ◽

Angle Of Incidence ◽

Fluid Interface ◽

Colloidal Interactions ◽

In Situ Assessment

Contact angles and surface coverage of nanoparticles adsorbing at the fluid interface are assessed by ellipsometry. Results reveal the competition between wetting and colloidal interactions.

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In situ Impact of the Antagonistic Fungal Strain, Trichoderma gamsii T30 on the Plant Pathogenic Fungus, Rhizoctonia solani in Soil

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2019-021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ANEES ◽

MUHAMMAD ABID ◽

SOBIA CHOHAN ◽

MUHAMMAD JAMIL ◽

NADEEM AHMED ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Fungal Strain ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Target Dna ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Time

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne fungus causing a wide range of plants diseases. Trichoderma gamsii strain T30 has previously been reported as antagonistic against R. solani. Although there are a few studies about the influence of Trichoderma strains on the R. solani densityin a pathosystem in the presence of plant hosts, this report for the first time comprehensively describes in situ effects of a T. gamsii strain on the population density of R. solani in the soil microcosmic conditions. The population dynamics of R. solani were followed in the autoclaved and non-autoclaved soils in artificially prepared microcosms up to day 25 after co-inoculation with T. gamsii in the variable ratios (R1/T1; R1/T0.1; R1/T0.01 of R. solani/T. gamsii). The population density of R. solani was evaluated by qPCR. In the autoclaved soil, target DNA copies of R. solani increased in the control samples from 1 × 105 to 6.5 × 106. At R1/T0.01, the number of target DNA copies were not significantly changed until day 11; however, it decreased by around five times at day 25. At R1/T0.1 and R1/T1, the number of DNA copies was reduced to 2.1 × 106 and 7.6 × 105 at day 11, respectively and the reduction was as much as 17 times at day 25. In the non-autoclaved soil, the number of the fungal cells decreased at day 25 whether inoculated or not with Trichoderma indicating a general suppression by the soil microbiome. In brief, T. gamsii significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani in the soil in situ and there was a general suppressive effect of the natural microbiome.

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Efektifitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Inquiry Melalui Implementasi Modeling Instruction pada Materi Alat Optik

Jurnal Paedagogy ◽

10.33394/jp.v8i4.4129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 545

Author(s):

Soekarman Soekarman

Keyword(s):

Inquiry Learning ◽

Optical Instrument ◽

Student Responses ◽

Student Activities ◽

Inquiry Based Learning ◽

Modeling Instruction ◽

Optical Instruments ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

This study aims to analyze inquiry-based learning through the implementation of modeling instruction on optical instrument materials. This research method used quantitative descriptive research. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA SMAN 2 Donggo. The collection technique includes observation, literature review, questionnaire, test and documentation. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively quantitatively, among the research data to be analyzed are: student activities, learning outcomes, and student responses to ongoing learning. The results of this study include: 1) Student activity obtained a score of 74.58% or good category, 2) Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on optical instrument material can actually improve students' understanding with an N-gain score of 1.3 points or very high category. high, 3) Student responses to learning obtained a score of 84.37% or very interesting category. Based on the results of the study, it was found that through Inquiry learning with Modeling Instruction on Optical Instruments material, it can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in class, especially in Physics subjects.

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Cortical collecting duct Na-K pump in obstructive nephropathy

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1990.258.5.f1320 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (5) ◽

pp. F1320-F1327 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Kimura ◽

S. K. Mujais

Keyword(s):

Ureteral Obstruction ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Collecting Duct ◽

Obstructive Nephropathy ◽

Cortical Collecting Duct ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Irreversible Damage ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Collecting Tubule

The present study examined the alterations in the cortical collecting tubule (CCT) Na-K pump that occur after unilateral ureteral obstruction and their consequences on electrolyte excretion. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, unilateral ureteral ligation led to a progressive decrease in intact CCT Na-K pump in situ turnover worsening with the duration of the obstruction: control, 20.1 +/- 0.4; obstructed kidney: 3 h, 14.6 +/- 0.3; 12 h, 12.7 +/- 0.6; 24 h, 12.8 +/- 0.5; 48 h, 11.6 +/- 0.5; and 96 h, 10.6 +/- 0.4 pmol Rb.mm-1.min-1 (all P less than 0.001 vs. control). CCT diameter increased with the duration of obstruction. Release of ureteral obstruction was associated with restitution of pump turnover rate. With 3 h of obstruction, recovery of pump in situ turnover was complete (19.7 +/- 0.4 pmol Rb.mm-1.min-1) by 24 h after release. With more prolonged obstruction (24 h) recovery was partial by 24 h postrelease (16.2 +/- 0.5 pmol Rb.mm-1.min-1) and complete (19.8 +/- 0.7 pmol Rb.mm-1.min-1) by 48 h, suggesting a delay in recovery without the occurrence of irreversible damage. The impairment in Na-K pump in situ turnover was paralleled by an impairment in the ability of the obstructed kidney to excrete an acute potassium load. This parallelism of functional and biochemical studies favors the notion that impairment of CCT Na-K pump in situ turnover contributes significantly to the abnormal potassium excretion that accompanies obstructive damage.

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The venom and the toxicity of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). A review of three decades of research in Italian laboratories and future perspectives

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2015.5372 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rossana Morabito ◽

Angela Marino ◽

Giuseppina La Spada ◽

Luigi Pane ◽

Gian Luigi Mariottini

Keyword(s):

Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

Crude Venom ◽

Ph Values ◽

Pelagia Noctiluca ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Discharging Capacity

Recurrent outbreaks of Pelagia noctiluca and health problems consequent to stings were recorded during the last decades. This phenomenon forced some Italian University laboratories to study this cnidarian. The first studies concerned the distribution, biochemical composition and morphology of nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca. The discharge mechanism of nematocysts was defined starting from early 1980s when enzymes, cations, anions, and pH were observed to have an influence on this process. Notably, trypsin, extreme pH values, some anions (I–, Cl–, SCN–), and thioglycolate were seen to induce, while La3+ and Gd3+ to prevent, nematocyst discharge. The discharge of both in situ and isolated nematocyst was found to be Ca2+ dependent. Furthermore, Pelagia noctiluca nematocysts were seen to retain their discharging capacity in distilled water. The toxicological evaluations were carried out mainly using the crude venom from Pelagia noctiluca because, unfortunately, to date the composition of venom remains unknown. Hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of crude venom have been evaluated on erythrocytes and cultured guinea-pig fibroblasts, mouse fibroblasts, and cancer (neuroblastoma) cells. The activity of Pelagia noctiluca venom on other cnidarians has been also assessed. The crude venom induced apoptosis by reactive oxygen species generation and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, loss of mitochondrial integrity, and alteration of cell membrane permeability. A pore-forming action mechanism on mitochondrial membrane with oxidative damage was also suggested. The protective activity of some compounds against envenomations has been also evaluated. Future challenges will concern the attempts to characterize the venom and to perform a wider screening of cytotoxicity induced to normal and cancer cells.

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Optical quality after myopic photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis: Comparison using a double-pass system

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.07.037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 16-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Juan C. Ondategui ◽

Meritxell Vilaseca ◽

Montserrat Arjona ◽

Ana Montasell ◽

Genís Cardona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Quality ◽

Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽

Photorefractive Keratectomy ◽

Double Pass ◽

Pass System

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The Relationships of Microscopic Evolution to Resistivity Variation of a FIB-Deposited Platinum Interconnector

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11060588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Chaorong Zhong ◽

Ruijuan Qi ◽

Yonghui Zheng ◽

Yan Cheng ◽

Wenxiong Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Electrical Contact ◽

Heating Process ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Irreversible Damage ◽

Resistivity Variation

Depositing platinum (Pt) interconnectors during the sample preparation process via a focused ion beam (FIB) system is an inescapable procedure for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. To achieve good electrical contact and avoid irreversible damage in practical samples, the microscopic evolution mechanism of FIB-deposited Pt interconnectors need a more comprehensive understanding, though it is known that its resistivity could be affected by thermal annealing. In this work, an electron-beam FIB-deposited Pt interconnector was studied by advanced spherical aberration (Cs)-corrected TEM combined with an in situ heating and biasing system to clarify the relationship of microscopic evolution to resistivity variation. During the heating process, the Pt interconnector underwent crystallization, organic matter decomposition, Pt nanocrystal growth, grain connection, and conductive path formation, which are combined actions to cause several orders of magnitude of resistivity reduction. The comprehensive understanding of the microscopic evolution of FIB-deposited Pt material is beneficial, not only for optimizing the resistance performance of Pt as an interconnector, but also for understanding the role of C impurities with metal materials. For the purpose of wiring, annealed electron-beam (EB)-deposited Pt material can be recommended for use as an interconnector in devices for research purposes.

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