Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis: In-Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Some Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants

Background: Colchicum autumnale, Strychnous nux-vomica and Aloe barbadensis are the medicinal plants clinically utilized for the management of rhuematic disorders. Purpose: The present work was focused to evaluate the in-vitro anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of Colchicum ( Colchicum autumnale), Nux-vomica ( Strychnous nux-vomica), and Aloe-vera ( Aloe barbadensis). Research Design: Primarily, the aqueous-ethanolic extracts of these medicinal plants were phytochemically screened followed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Anti-arthritic activity by protein denaturation method and anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method at the concentration of 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL along with standard were performed. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, and anthraquinones were found in all the extracts, and organic acids, amine group, aromatic or aliphatic compounds, esters and halogens, and phenolics were identified by FTIR. Protein denaturation method revealed that colchicum, nux-vomica, and aloe-vera showed maximum 98.5%, 99.6%, and 72.3% of inhibition at 500 µg/mL compared with that of standard drug, that is, Diclofenac sodium. Membrane stabilization method showed that colchicum, nux-vomica, and aloe-vera showed maximum 40.20%, 35.67%, and 40.1% protection at 500 µg/mL when compared with standard drug. Conclusion: It is concluded from the current study that extracts of colchicum, nux-vomica, and aloe-vera showed more potent effect and thus can be used as alternative options for the management of inflammatory and arthritic ailments.

Identifikasi Antiinflamasi Partisi Metanol, n-Heksan dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Americanum L.) Secara In Vitro

Basil plant (Ocimum americanum) is efficacious as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. According to research by Sarma and Babu, 2011, Verma and Kothiyal, 2012 showed basil activity as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anthelmintic, antifungal, insecticide, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and lowering total cholesterol and LDL-C levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the stabilization activity of red blood cell membranes on methanol partitioning, n-hexane partitioning and ethanol extract of basil leaves in vitro. This study used the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method from the induction of a hypotonic solution with samples of methanol partitioning, n-hexane partitioning and ethanol extract to be compared with a positive control, namely Na diclofenac. By analyzing the data using UV-Vis spectrophotometry test. These results were supported by the ANOVA statistical test which stated that there was a difference in each treatment and continued with the Tukey test which stated that there was no difference between 100 ppm diclofenac sodium and 400 ppm ethanol extract.Keywords: Extract, Basil (Ocimum americanum) Leaf, In Vitro. AbstrakTumbuhan Kemangi (Ocimum americanum) berkhasiat sebagai aktivitas sebagai anti-inflamasi dan analgesik. Menurut penelitian Sarma dan Babu, 2011.,Verma dan Kothiyal, 2012 menunjukkan aktivitas kemangi sebagai antioksidan, antimikroba, anti diabetes, antihelmintik, antifungi, insektisida, antiinflamasi, analgesic, dan menurunkan kadar total kolesterol dan LDL-C. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas stabilisasi membran sel darah merah pada partisi metanol, partisi n-heksan dan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode stabilisasi membran eritrosit dari induksi larutan hipotonik dengan sampel partisi metanol, partisi n-heksan dan ekstrak etanol yang akan dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif yaitu Na diklofenak. Dengan analisis data menggunakan uji spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil ini didukung dengan uji statistik ANOVA yang menyatakan terdapat perbedaan pada setiap perlakuan dan dilanjutkan uji tukey yang menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan pada natrium diklofenak 100 ppm dengan ekstrak etanol konsentrasi 400 ppm.Kata Kunci : Ekstrak, Daun Kemangi (Ocimum americanum), In Vitro.

Isolation and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory activity of Epigallocatechin from Senegalia rugata along with PUFAs

Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose, Synonym: Acacia concinna (Wild.) DC., Family: Fabaceae is one of the ayurvedic medicinal plant and commonly known as shikakai. The pods of S. rugata are normally used for cleansing of hair naturally due to the presence of higher content of saponins. In this study, we have isolated six compounds consisting of epigallocatechin (monomeric proanthocyanidin) from ethanol extract of S. rugata and a mixture of methyl esters of five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): methyl oleate, glyceryl trilinoleate, methyl linoleate methyl eicosenoate and methyl vernolate from petroleum ether extract of S rugata. The structures of the six compounds were elucidated using 1HNMR, 13CNMR and IR spectral studies. Epigallocatechin has shown significant in vitro anti-inflammatory property in a dose-dependent manner using the HRBC membrane stabilization method.

Improvement of deltaic lateritic soil using river sand and cement for use as pavement construction material

This study examined the effect of mechanical and chemical improvement on deltaic lateritic soils in Warri East in Delta State, Nigeria. Mechanical stabilization was carried out by adding river sand to the natural soil in various proportions, while chemical stabilization was carried out using cement and a mixture of cement and sand. Compaction and CBR tests were conducted on the natural soil before and after stabilization. From the results obtained, it was seen that the mechanical stabilization method improved the strength properties of the soil making it suitable for use as subbase materials, though not as much as the chemical stabilization method or the mixed method of stabilization. It was concluded that using a combination of cement and sand as a stabilizing agent for deltaic lateritic soils can lead to significant reduction in the amount of cement required for soil stabilization thus saving costs.