scholarly journals Improvement of deltaic lateritic soil using river sand and cement for use as pavement construction material

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
D. Imafidon ◽  
O.R. Ogirigbo ◽  
J.O. Ehiorobo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Stabilization Method ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Mechanical Stabilization

This study examined the effect of mechanical and chemical improvement on deltaic lateritic soils in Warri East in Delta State, Nigeria. Mechanical stabilization was carried out by adding river sand to the natural soil in various proportions, while chemical stabilization was carried out using cement and a mixture of cement and sand. Compaction and CBR tests were conducted on the natural soil before and after stabilization. From the results obtained, it was seen that the mechanical stabilization method improved the strength properties of the soil making it suitable for use as subbase materials, though not as much as the chemical stabilization method or the mixed method of stabilization. It was concluded that using a combination of cement and sand as a stabilizing agent for deltaic lateritic soils can lead to significant reduction in the amount of cement required for soil stabilization thus saving costs.

An Experimental Study on Compaction Behavior Of Lateritic Soils Treated with Quarry Dust Based Geopolymer Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Kennedy Chibuzor Onyelowe ◽  
Duc Bui Van ◽  
Mohammed Oludare Idrees ◽  
Michael E. Onyia ◽  
Lam Dao-Phuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Strict Requirement ◽  
Quarry Dust

Due to the scarcity of well-graded gravel materials, lateritic soils are widely used for road construction in tropic areas. However, lateritic soils often do not meet the strict requirement for subgrade and need to be improved to be used as construction material. Among several approaches used to enhance the engineering properties of lateritic soils, the use of industrial waste materials, such as fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, is of particular interest to the construction industry as a potential replacement material for Portland cement in soil stabilization. Meanwhile, some effort has been made to study the use of quarry dust in stabilizing lateritic soils. The present work aims at assessing the compaction characteristics of three different types of lateritic soils, treated with quarry dust based geopolymer cement. A systematic study by varying the proportion of geopolymer cement was carried out. Test results show that the soil dry density substantially increased while the corresponding optimal moisture content decreased with the amount of geopolymer cement under varying compactive effort.

scholarly journals Utilisation of Seasand as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregrate to Strengthen the Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-894
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Quarry Dust

Concrete is an important construction material widely used in the construction industry nowadays. It is blended material consisting of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Generally the use of river sand as fine aggregate in our country is very widespread in industry. This paper mainly focuses on the study of strength properties of concrete in which river sand is replaced with sea sand as fine aggregate. In addition to it, Quarry Dust when added gains strength. Different mix proportions was replaced partially in 5%, 10%, 15% by Sea sand and Quarry dust. The strength of concrete for various mix proportions are carried out and tested for 14, 28, 56 days of curing. From the results obtained, with the replacement of river sand by sea sand along with well graded quarry dust upto to 15% increases the strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Effect of Polymeric Resins on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781-1785
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Stabilization Method ◽  
Mechanical Stabilization ◽  
Polymeric Resins ◽  
Moisture Barriers

Stabilization of black cotton soil is a challenging task for geotechnical engineers since such soil is highly vulnerable to expansive characteristics when the moisture content is increased. Due to its expansive nature, it is also called as swelling or expansive soils. Among the clay minerals, Montmorillonite is mainly responsible for such expansive characteristics. Bore log profile has a cluster of soil specimens including black cotton soil also which is unavoidable. Soil engineers have a serious concern about such expansive soil since it is treacherous for foundation of buildings. To overcome such deficiencies it becomes essential to stabilize the soil conditions. The commonly employed methods to decrease the expansive behaviour are: Chemical stabilization, Mechanical stabilization and installation of moisture barriers. In this paper, chemical stabilization method is adopted. Soil stabilizers, namely, sodium silicate, epoxy resin and polyvinyl alcohol are chosen and are mixed with black cotton soil in varying proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% to study the changes in geotechnical properties. From the results it is evident that polymer treated soils reduce plasticity characteristics and shows better results in geotechnical properties.

scholarly journals Utilization of Coir Pith for the Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Coir Pith

Expansive soil deposits mostly appear in arid and semi-arid areas of the world and they pose severe difficulties to engineering constructions as they possess higher tendency to heave in the course of moist season and shrink at summer season. Construction in such highly expansive strata can be done by adopting ground modification techniques like soil stabilization, Vertical drains, inducing reinforcement in to soil etc., On the other hand with rapid industrial growth more quantity of industrial waste will be generated which will trigger several environmental issues when it is dumped in to environment. Utilization of industrial waste in construction industry without compromising in strength criteria is the best possible option for the engineers as the waste is used as construction material there will be no need for dumping yards, biodiversities can be protected, strength properties of the soil can be enhanced and hydraulic properties can also be modified by treating soil with industrial wastes. As the river sand can be partially replaced by some of the industrial wastes requirement for natural sand can be reduced which will not only economise the construction cost but also preserves the natural resources. The present study was carried out to assess the behaviour of coir pith treated black cotton soils. Due to increase in the natural fibres in many industries the waste produced from the coir industry is increasing, if proper care is not taken these waste may create severe effects on environment .To avoid disposal of this waste directly into environment it is better to use the waste in construction industry is a better option. But before adopting such practices proper studies are to be done to check whether these materials are suitable for treating the soils are not .In the present study by adding various proportions of coir pith Swell, strength characteristics of soil where compared for obtaining the optimum Replacement percentage

scholarly journals A study of the Hot-Mix Asphalt layer thickness reduction when applied over lateritic soils cement base in airfield DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v7i1.798

Exacta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Alex Alves Bandeira ◽  
Rita Moura Fortes ◽  
João Virgilio Merighi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxides ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Base Course ◽  
The Cost

In tropical region, in upper layers, soils having red or yellow coloration are generally found and are denominated lateritic soils. They are rich in aluminum hydroxides and ferric hydrates that give an elevated mechanic resistance. When the lateritic soils are used as a construction material in the structural pavement, the exceptional mechanical characteristic reduced the cost over 50% when associated with the sub-base and base layers, or over 25% when the lateritic soil is treated with cement. In São Paulo State, it was made more than ten thousands kilometers of roads where the base or sub-base was made using lateritic soils or lateritic soils treated with cement. In this study, it is showed, through Finite Element Method, a critical analysis of the sub-base and base of airfield pavement using lateritic soils cement base course and Hot-Mix Asphalt thickness surface less than recommended for critical area in according to Federal Aviation Administration (1996). Considering the results, it is possible to propose a reduction of thickness Hot-Mix Asphalt layer, resulting in a reduction of the final cost of implantation of hundreds of airfields in South America.

scholarly journals A study of the Hot-Mix Asphalt layer thickness reduction when applied over lateritic soils cement base in airfield

Exacta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Alex Alves Bandeira ◽  
Rita Moura Fortes ◽  
João Virgilio Merighi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxides ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Base Course ◽  
The Cost

In tropical region, in upper layers, soils having red or yellow coloration are generally found and are denominated lateritic soils. They are rich in aluminum hydroxides and ferric hydrates that give an elevated mechanic resistance. When the lateritic soils are used as a construction material in the structural pavement, the exceptional mechanical characteristic reduced the cost over 50% when associated with the sub-base and base layers, or over 25% when the lateritic soil is treated with cement. In São Paulo State, it was made more than ten thousands kilometers of roads where the base or sub-base was made using lateritic soils or lateritic soils treated with cement. In this study, it is showed, through Finite Element Method, a critical analysis of the sub-base and base of airfield pavement using lateritic soils cement base course and Hot-Mix Asphalt thickness surface less than recommended for critical area in according to Federal Aviation Administration (1996). Considering the results, it is possible to propose a reduction of thickness Hot-Mix Asphalt layer, resulting in a reduction of the final cost of implantation of hundreds of airfields in South America.

Assessment of Bentonite Influence on Hydraulic Conductivity of Lateritic Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agapitus A. Amadi ◽  
K.J. Osinubi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Compactive Effort ◽  
Soil Mixtures

Lateritic soils are pedogenic surface deposits which occur in vast areas of tropical and subtropical regions of the world and find use as construction material in diverse civil engineering aspects. But, the predominance of kaolinitic 1:1 lattice clay mineral and coating of the clayey constituents with sesquioxides limits the ability of the soil from achieving very low hydraulic conductivity, (k) required for some geotechnical/geoenvironmental structures. The present study investigates the influence of low percent bentonite on the hydraulic conductivity of a residually derived lateritic soil. Accordingly, the test programme involved specimens of lateritic soil - bentonite mixtures containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% bentonite (by dry weight of soil) prepared at different compaction states (optimum, dry and wet of optimum content), compacted with British Standard Heavy, (BSH) compactive effort and permeated in compaction mould permeameter using falling head test method. Results indicate that reductions in hydraulic conductivity values ranged from 1 x 10-9 to 6.79 x 10-11 m/s (i.e. two orders of magnitude) as the percentage of bentonite increased from 0 to 10%. Soil mixtures with up to 5% bentonite content recorded the lowest k values at 2% wet of optimum moisture content, beyond which an increase in k followed. For soil mixtures containing 7.5 and 10% bentonite, a continuous decrease in k was observed. Furthermore, a non – linear relationship between log k and bentonite content was established. These results met or exceeded specification requirements for the aforementioned structures which therefore suggest that the potentials of lateritic soils as a geomaterial for the construction of hydraulic structures can be fully realized when treated with bentonite.

Investigational Studies on Quantity of Salinity in Netravati River Estuary Sand-Coastal Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Raveesha P ◽  
K. E. Prakash ◽  
B. T. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The salt water mixes with fresh water and forms brackish water. The brackish water contains some quantity of salt, but not equal to sea water. Salinity determines the geographic distribution of the number of marshes found in estuary. Hence salinity is a very important environmental factor in estuary system. Sand is one major natural aggregate, required in construction industry mainly for the manufacture of concrete. The availability of good river sand is reduced due to salinity. The quality of sand available from estuarine regions is adversely affected due to this reason. It is the responsibility of engineers to check the quality of sand and its strength parameters before using it for any construction purpose. Presence of salt content in natural aggregates or manufactured aggregates is the cause for corrosion in steel. In this study the amount of salinity present in estuary sand was determined. Three different methods were used to determine the salinity in different seasonal variations. The sand sample collected nearer to the sea was found to be high in salinity in all methods.  It can be concluded that care should be taken before we use estuary sand as a construction material due to the presence of salinity.

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