Revenue Estimation of Pit Seam 14 Quarter Mine Block Sequence Design Based on Coal Reference Price Prediction at PT Alam Jaya Pratama, East Kalimantan Province

Seam 14 is one of coal prospects owned by PT Alamjaya Bara Pratama (PT ABP) with an estimated coal resources of ±4,022,458.63 tons which is will be produced in 2020 so that required a pit and mine sequence design used as a guideline in carrying out coal production activities. On the other hand, the uncertainty of coal prices caused the mine sequence design to be evaluated within a certain time as the coal reference price (HBA) was altered and company’s production target. The model equation of coal reference price prediction in 2020 was carried out by using multiple linear regression method. Based on that model, prediction of coal reference price was obtained in CW 1 = $80.21, CW 2 = $81.47 and CW 3 = $82.50. The Pit 14 was designed with the consideration of company's geotechnical recommendation which is can be achieved on the conditions of stripping ratio (SR) of 6 and 7. The mine sequence was designed base on the evaluation of coal production in 2019 (CW 1 = SR > 3, CW 2 = 3 ≤ SR ≤ 6 and CW 3 = SR > 6). The calculation results of estimated revenue of Pit 14 with SR = 6 is CW 1 = US$40,131,297.12; CW 2 = US$36,431,457.31; and CW 3 = US$19,601,965.40. Estimated revenue of Pit 14 with SR = 7 is CW 1 = US$41,821,080.50; CW 2 = US$39,204,128.39; and CW 3 = US$31,715,767.60.

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Thermo/pH Responsive Star and Linear Copolymers Containing a Cholic Acid-Derived Monomer, N-Isopropylacrylamide and Acrylic Acid: Synthesis and Solution Properties

In this work three CTAs trithiocarbonate-type were synthesized—bifunctional (with PEG), trifunctional (with glycerol), and tetrafunctional (PERT)—and used in the controlled polymerization of 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl cholate (CAE) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting macroCTAs containing a cholic acid-derived polymer were chain extended with N-isopropylacrylamide with or without acrylic acid. The thermosensitive and/or pH properties of these copolymers were studied in PBS solutions. The copolymers synthesized without poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were unstable above the transition temperature. Similar behavior was observed for the copolymer solutions containing PAAc (2% in feed) at lower values of pH showing a faster precipitation above the LCST. On the contrary, copolymer solutions containing PAAc showed great stability at higher pH values for a longer time period at 37 °C. Interestingly, the Dh of the aggregates ranged from 18 to 30 nm in all copolymers (with or without PAAc) below the transition temperature, although the topology and the block sequence in the chain were significantly different.