Analog Ensemble Methods for Improving Satellite-Based Intensity Estimates of Tropical Cyclones

Accurate, reliable estimates of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity are a crucial element in the warning and forecast process worldwide, and for the better part of 50 years, estimates made from geostationary satellite observations have been indispensable to forecasters for this purpose. One such method, the Advanced Dvorak Technique (ADT), was used to develop analog ensemble (AnEn) techniques that provide more precise estimates of TC intensity with instant access to information on the reliability of the estimate. The resulting methods, ADT-AnEn and ADT-based Error Analog Ensemble (ADTE-AnEn), were trained and tested using seventeen years of historical ADT intensity estimates using k-fold cross-validation with 10 folds. Using only two predictors, ADT-estimated current intensity (maximum wind speed) and TC center latitude, both AnEn techniques produced significant reductions in mean absolute error and bias for all TC intensity classes in the North Atlantic and for most intensity classes in the Eastern Pacific. The ADTE-AnEn performed better for extreme intensities in both basins (significantly so in the Eastern Pacific) and will be incorporated in the University of Wisconsin’s Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS) workflow for further testing during operations in 2021.

Implementation Of The Evaluation Of The Volume Of Maximum Oxygen Uptake (Vo2 Max) Athletes Koni Rokan Hulu

The quality of maximum oxygen volume (VO2max) for athletes is important for an athlete's performance. VO2Max is the maximum volume of oxygen that can be used per minute. The maximum amount of oxygen consumed per unit time by a person during exercise or tests, with training progressively heavier until exhaustion, is called VO2Max. The Vo2Max Direct examination is the most accurate test in determining the level of heart and lung fitness in performing physical activities with maximum intensity. Maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max) is defined as the maximum value at which oxygen can still be taken, distributed, and used by the body when the intensity of physical activity reaches its maximum. This service method provides material on the importance of evaluating physical conditions, especially Vo2max to athletes. This service aims to help the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) Rokan Hulu Regency to find out the fitness of athletes from several sports as seen from VO2 Max. The method used in this service is that all athletes follow the service's direction about the importance of VO2 Max and perform a Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). The results of this dedication by the athletes and management of KONI understand the importance of VO2 Max and the results of the MFT test, only a few athletes in good and other categories are sufficient and low.

Rapid intensity variations during the second half of the first millennium BCE in Central Asia and global implications.

<p>Recent archeomagnetic studies performed in different regions of the world have revealed unusual periods of sharp changes in intensity during the first millennium. Here we focus on the study of intensity variations between 600 BCE and 600 CE in central Asia, where an important intensity decrease seems to be present during the second half of the 1<sup>st</sup> millennium BCE. For this purpose, we present a new paleosecular variation (PSV) curve obtained from 51 new archeointensities and the selected previous data located within a radius of 1000 km around Termez (Uzbekistan). The new curve shows an intensity maximum around 400 BCE followed by a rapid decrease. When the virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) values are compared with the Dipole Moment estimations derived from different global geomagnetic models key differences are observed, suggesting an important non-dipolar effect for this feature. Finally, in order to constrain the spatial behaviour of this phenomenon and its global implications, we investigate the PSV intensity and VADM trends from twelve regions distributed among Central America, Europe and Asia. A VADM maximum is observed in Western Europe (Iberia and Germany) around 450 BCE, associated to rates of change of about 9 µT/century. This feature is also observed eastwards, in the Caucasus and the Levant, but associated to lower rates of changes. In Central Asia (Uzbekistan) our new study suggests that maximum values of about 14 µT/century, between 400-300 BCE, were achieved. In other regions, as Eastern Asia and Central America, rapid variations of the intensity are not observed during the targeted period.</p><p> </p>

RAINFALL THRESHOLDS FOR LANDSLIDE IN GARUT REGENCY, WEST JAVA USING HIMAWARI-8 DATA

Landslide was one of natural disasters that affected by the weather. The intensity of landslide in Indonesia tended to increase from year to year with a larger area distribution. Remote sensing was a method that can be used to support disaster mitigation and response activities including landslide because this technology allows monitoring and analysis both spatially and temporally. One of the remote sensing satellites that can be used for monitoring landslide was Himawari-8. This weather satellite was launched in 2014 and had a temporal resolution of 10 minutes making it effective for meteorological, environmental and disaster observations. This research has used Himawari-8 rainfall data which extracted from cloud top temperature to determine the intensity of rainfall that causes landslide in Garut Regency. The daily accumulation of rainfall for five days before the landslide event up to five days after the landslide event has been investigated statistically to analyze the conditions of rainfall that trigger landslides. Rainfall thresholds for landslide was determined by the intensity maximum of daily accumulation. It was found that the intensity of rainfall that has potential to cause landslides based on the threshold value is as follows: Malangbong District 60.3 mm/day, Banjarwangi District 32.3 mm/day, Pasirwangi District 36.9 mm/day, Cisewu District 35.1 mm/day and Talegong District 52.8 mm/day. Landslide in four districts have corresponded with the day where the intensity of rainfall was maximum. Meanwhile for Talegong District, the landslide was occurred a day after its maximum.Keywords: rainfall, Himawari-8, landslide, remote sensing, thresholdLongsor merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang dipengaruhi oleh cuaca. Intensitas longsor di Indonesia cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dengan sebaran wilayah yang lebih luas. Penginderaan jauh merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung kegiatan mitigasi dan tanggap bencana termasuk longsor karena teknologi ini memungkinkan pemantauan dan analisis baik secara spasial maupun temporal. Salah satu satelit penginderaan jauh yang dapat digunakan untuk pemantauan longsor adalah Himawari-8. Satelit cuaca ini diluncurkan pada tahun 2014 dan memiliki resolusi temporal 10 menit sehingga efektif untuk pengamatan meteorologi, lingkungan dan bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan data curah hujan Himawari-8 yang diekstrak dari suhu puncak awan untuk mengetahui intensitas curah hujan penyebab longsor di Kabupaten Garut. Akumulasi curah hujan harian selama lima hari sebelum kejadian longsor sampai dengan lima hari setelah kejadian longsor diteliti secara statistik untuk menganalisis kondisi curah hujan yang memicu terjadinya longsor. Ambang batas curah hujan untuk longsor ditentukan oleh intensitas maksimum akumulasi harian. Diketahui bahwa intensitas curah hujan yang berpotensi menimbulkan longsor berdasarkan nilai ambang batas adalah sebagai berikut: Kecamatan Malangbong 60,3 mm / hari, Kecamatan Banjarwangi 32,3 mm / hari, Kecamatan Pasirwangi 36,9 mm / hari, Kecamatan Cisewu 35,1 mm / hari dan Kecamatan Talegong 52,8 mm / hari. Tanah longsor di empat kecamatan telah sesuai dengan hari dimana intensitas curah hujan maksimal. Sedangkan untuk Kecamatan Talegong, longsor terjadi sehari setelah maksimumnya.Kata kunci: curah hujan, Himawari-8, longsor, penginderaan jauh, ambang batas

FLUORESCENCE CHANGE OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN INDUCED BY METHYL VIOLET

The interaction of methyl violet (MV) with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied, using the fluorescence spectroscopy method. It was shown that MV chnages the own fluorescence of HSA. It was also shown that MV does not induce any conformational change in the structure of HSA, since there is no change of the wavelength of HSA fluorescence intensity maximum. MV binds to HSA, near to fluorescing tryptophan, which in the hydrophilic environment, and changes the own fluorescence of the protein.

Analysis of neutrophils functional activity in men with mechanical jaundice of various genesis

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) or blockage of the bile duct code K83.1 (according to ICD 10), occurs in approximately 45-50% of cases of all varieties of jaundice, it can be both non-tumor and tumor genesis. The functional pathway plays a special role in the genesis of complications of breast the activity of neutrophils as key effector cells responsible for the development of the inflammatory process in the breast. Investigation of the metabolic mechanisms of the functioning of neutrophils allows us to identify intracellular targets, when exposed to It was possible to modulate the level of cell reactivity.The study used data from 47 men with obstructive jaundice of non-tumor origin and 45 men with obstructive jaundice of tumor origin (stage I-II of the tumor process). As a control, data from 100 practically healthy men were used. A pronounced change in the kinetics of the chemiluminescent response of neutrophils in men with obstructive jaundice was found, consisting in an increase in the time to reach the maximum intensity, maximum intensity, area under the curve and activation index for both spontaneous and luminol-dependent induced chemiluminescence. The development of the tumor process in this category of patients was accompanied by a decrease in the area parameter under the curve during spontaneous and induced reactions, time to maximum, intensity maximum and activation index during spontaneous chemiluminescence. The data obtained indicate a marked increase in the values of the functional activity of neutrophils in patients with obstructive jaundice of benign origin, as well as a sharp decrease in their values in the presence of a pathological process of malignant origin.

Conceptual Remote Distance Measurement with a Double-Slit Interference

Distance measurement is crucial to astronomy. Here, we suggest a new conceptual method to measure the distance by using a local instrument. By engaging the double-slit interference and by considering the phase information of the light, the position of the intensity maximum is related to the distance of the source. Consequently, the precise measurement of the position can be used to measure the distance of the remote source.

Synthesis, Characterization and Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles

Barium titanate (BaTiO[Formula: see text] nanoparticles having small tetragonality were prepared via sol–gel technique followed by post-calcinations at 800∘C. The tetragonal phase was confirmed by XRD and TEM measurements. The obtained nanoparticles were quasi-spherical in shape with particle size lying between 30[Formula: see text]nm and 35[Formula: see text]nm, as obtained by TEM. The prepared sample was further characterized by TGA, DSC, FTIR, UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy. The low tetragonality of the obtained nanoparticles accounts for the absence of endothermic–exothermic peak in the DSC curve. The UV-Vis spectrum reveals band gap narrowing and the PL spectrum shows a broad band covering a large part of the visible spectra with the PL intensity maximum at 568[Formula: see text]nm. The dielectric and electrical properties were studied using LCR and Two probe method, and it shows a decrease in the permittivity as well as the tetragonal to cubic phase transition temperature.

THE TIME DIFFERENCE IN EMISSION OF LIGHT AND PRESSURE PULSES FROM OSCILLATING BUBBLES

Oscillations of spark-generated bubbles are studied experimentally. In this work, an attention is paid to the time difference in the radiation of light flashes and pressure pulses from a bubble at the final stages of the first bubble contraction and the early stages of the first bubble expansion. It is found that light and pressure pulses are not radiated synchronously. In some experiments, the light flashes are radiated before the pressure pulses by a few μs and in other experiments, the light flashes are radiated later than the pressure pulses by a few μs. The time difference in the radiation of the two pulses is examined in detail in relation with the bubble size, bubble oscillation intensity, maximum value of the light flash and the width of the light flash. It is shown that the magnitude of the time differences is very weakly correlated with the bubble size, intensity of oscillation and intensity of the light flashes and that the magnitude of the time differences is only moderately correlated with the light flashes widths.