Determinants of the Adoption of Dashboards in SMEs

The objective of this research is to highlight the factors driving the structural and behavioural contingencies to the adoption of dashboards by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Cameroonian context. Using data collected from 314 SMEs, we conducted an exploratory analysis, in order to investigate the factors that could have an influence on the use of dashboards and a multiple correspondence factorial analysis in order to identify the characteristics of SMEs using dashboards. On the other hand, a binary logistic regression was done to unveil the factors that stand behind the usage of dashboards in Cameroonian SMEs. Our findings indicate that the formal nature of the SME, the power delegation, the presence of an experienced leader, the pressure of foreign competition, the age of the company, the use of follow-up software in organizational processes and the implementation of a system to reward the employees when they achieve positive results, are the factors that enable the adoption of the dashboard.

Mediating power? Delegation, pooling and leadership selection at international organisations

The selection of the executive heads of international organisations represents a key decision in the politics of international organisations. However, we know little about what dynamics influence this selection. The article focuses on the nationality of selected executive heads. It argues that institutional design impacts the factors that influence leadership selection by shaping the costs and benefits of attaining the position for member states’ nationals. The argument is tested with novel data on the nationality of individuals in charge of 69 international organization bureaucracies between 1970 and 2017. Two findings stand out: first, powerful countries are more able to secure positions in international organisations in which executive heads are voted in by majority voting. Second, less consistent evidence implies that powerful countries secure more positions when bureaucracies are authoritative. The findings have implications for debates on international cooperation by illustrating how power and institutions interact in the selection of international organisation executive heads.

Relationship of Principals Academic Decision-Making Practices with Faculty Morale: A Study of Colleges in Punjab

This study examines the relationship between principals academic decision-making practices and faculty morale. A descriptive survey study has been adopted. The population of the study comprised all the faculty members working in public sector colleges of Punjab, province of Pakistan. Two questionnaires based on five-point Likert Scale, namely Academic Decision-Making Practices (ADMP) questionnaire to measure practices was adopted by the principals and Faculty Morale Scale (FMS) to measure morale of teaching faculty. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, correlation coefficient and linear regression model. A positive significant relationship between principals academic decision making practices and morale of faculty members was found. Some academic decision-making practices like decisions based on policy matter, promote academic development, power delegation, employees participation collect information and planning are significantly correlated with morale of faculty. While, some practices such as diplomacy and use rules to suit themselves do not correlate with morale.

The Canadian Reference Power: Delegation to the Courts and the Navigation of Federalism

The Canadian reference power allows governments to ask appellate courts for an advisory opinion without a live dispute. Reference cases have been an important element of Canadian federalism since their creation in 1875 but have not been subject to a comprehensive analysis. Shifting the focus to understanding government decisions to rely on the courts to navigate federalism, this article has two objectives. First, through analysis of an original dataset of Canadian appellate reference cases from 1875 to 2017, the article provides an examination of how references have been used by governments, with particular attention to issues related to federalism. Second, the article considers how the reference power can be employed as a political strategy by governments. The reference power demonstrates clear support for the blame avoidance and credit-claiming thesis and provides compelling evidence on how the dynamics of intergovernmental relations can shape a government’s decision to delegate decision-making to the courts.

Principals, agents, and the delegation of power inside political parties

Chapter 4 sets out the principal-agent framework of power delegation that is applied to the Labour Party, the PS and SPD throughout the book. It first presents a brief overview of the literature that uses principal-agent frameworks to analyse power delegation inside political systems and political parties. Next, it highlights the problems that power delegation can cause inside parties, and explained how parties can address them. The chapter then outlines the conceptual framework that will subsequently be applied to the Labour Party, the PS and SPD, introducing four possible modes of power delegation between the three faces of the party organisations and the three levels. Next, the research questions guiding the empirical analysis in are introduced. As this book is primarily concerned with power delegation in the formulation of European policy and the processes of selecting EU specialists, both of these activities have been briefly described. Last but not least, this chapter mentions a number of factors that are likely to shape the parties’ dealings with the EU, namely: the legal regulations of internal party organisations; the parties’ EU positions; the financial resources available to the parties; and the status as parties in government or opposition.