Motion Analysis of Torsional Testing Machine to Reduce Impact Load Using SOLIDWORK

Mechanical testing is a standard and essential part of any design and manufacturing process, for ensuring safe working of mechanical component and for ensuring a cost-effective design. Torsion Testing Machine is designed for conducting Torsion and Twist on various metal wires, tubes, sheet materials, torque measurement, in this torque can be applied to testing specimen by geared motor through gear box. But the main difficulty with analytical torsion testing machine is that after test is complete and specimen breaks the trolley on which the test specimen is clamped it can impacted heavily to the rubber stopper mounted on the guide ways of the machine which distort the machine assembly. In this study motion study is done, using SOLIDWORK software by introducing spring at the place of stopper and try to minimise this impact load of the trolley on the machine. Keywords: Torsion testing, Motion analysis, impact load, spring design, SOLIDWORK software

PSVI-12 Effects of polyphenols (mixed tannins) and saponin (Yucca schidigera), with or without a direct fed microbial (DFM) on in vitro rumen fermentation

Rumen fluid from fistulated steers receiving a high concentrate diet was utilized to examine the impact of polyphenols and saponin with or without a direct fed microbial (DFM) on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Treatments consisted of: Control (no polyphenols, saponin or DFM); 2) Polyphenols (Mixed Tannins = 15 g/hd/d); 3) Saponin (Y. schidigera = 2 g/hd/d); 4) Polyphenols + DFM (DFM = 1E+7 Lactobacillus animalis + 1E+8 Propionibacteria acidilactici cfu/hd/d); and 5) Saponin + DFM. Rumen fluid was collected and combined in equal amounts from 3 rumen fistulated steers and mixed at a 1:1 ratio of artificial saliva to rumen fluid. Fermentation substrate consisted of 0.5 g of the high concentrate diet. Fermentation bottles were capped with an air-tight rubber stopper and incubated in a water bath for 12 and 18h (7 replicates/treatment/time point). After incubation, the total volume of gas produced was measured and a subsample analyzed for N, CH4 and CO2 concentrations. After gas sampling, pH, VFA concentrations, and DMD were determined. In vitro fermentation parameters were analyzed using a mixed effects model repeated measures analysis for a completely randomized block design. Acetic acid was decreased while valeric acid was increased (P < 0.05) by the Saponin + DFM treatment vs. Control. At 12h DMD was greater in Saponin, Saponin + DFM and Polyphenols + DFM (P < 0.001) treatments compared to Control or Polyphenols alone. Polyphenols produced greater amounts of CH4 /DMD than all other treatments (P < 0.01). Microbial protein production and efficiency were greater (P < 0.001), Saponin + DFM compared to other treatments. Other fermentation parameters measured were not impacted by treatments. Under the conditions of this experiment these data suggest combining DFM with Saponin or Polyphenols produces different ruminal effects from when they are fed alone.

Determination of Antioxidant 264 in the Butyl Rubber Stopper and the Compatibility with Recombinant Potent Antitumor and Antivirus Protein Injection

Objective. To establish a method for extraction and determination of antioxidant 264 (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) in the brominated butyl rubber stopper for injection and migration study in recombinant potent antitumor and antivirus protein injection (Novaferon). Methods. Dichloromethane-ethanol was adopted as the extraction solvent during the process of reflux extraction of antioxidant 264 in the brominated butyl rubber stopper. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of the migration of antioxidant 264 to Novaferon. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water (80 : 20, v/v). The flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. Results. The linearity range was from 4.003 to 200.150 μg/mL (r2 = 0.99996), and the average recovery of antioxidant 264 was 97.8%. The applicability of the methodology was good, which can be used for the determination of antioxidant 264. The results indicated that antioxidant 264 was not detected in Novaferon after the accelerated test and three months of long-term test. Conclusion. The established validated method in this study can be used for the determination of antioxidant 264 in the rubber stopper, and the brominated butyl rubber stopper has good compatibility with Novaferon.

Development of a simple compatibility inspection method using pressure in a BD PhaSeal™ system and hazardous drug vials

Background Many reports support the use of closed system drug transfer devices (CSTDs) to protect against exposure to hazardous drugs during their preparation. However, leakage may occur if the CSTD fails to maintain hermeticity when fitted into the vial. Our aims were to devise a measure to prevent HD exposure and to develop a test method to verify CSTD function when a BD PhaSeal™ protector is used in HD preparation. Methods We selected the BD PhaSeal™ System, which is the most commonly used CSTD device in Japan. The sealability of the BD PhaSeal™ protector and vial is considered to be due to the hermeticity of the protector and the rubber stopper of the vial. We constructed a protector with a damaged sealing rim and monitored the pressure fluctuation 10 times when the BD PhaSeal™ injector was connected to the pressurized vial. Results The reduction in pressure of the protector in the group without a damaged sealing rim was 5%, while that in the group with the damaged sealing rim was 84.9%. Conclusion It was suggested that leakage occurred through the gap between the protector and the rubber stopper when using a vial that was not in close contact with the sealing rim. In this study, we developed a test that can be easily used to verify the compatibility of the BD PhaSeal™ protector and a vial in the clinical setting. Thus, when new hazardous drugs are being prepared, these measures can be taken to ensure that the risk of exposure is reduced or eliminated.

Pinning in pediatric neurosurgery: the modified rubber stopper technique

Head immobilization devices with skull pins are commonly used by neurosurgeons to stabilize the head for microsurgical techniques and to maintain accurate intraoperative neuronavigation. Pediatric patients, who may have open fontanelles, unfused sutures, and thin skulls, are vulnerable to complications during placement in pins. We review the various methods of pinning in pediatric neurosurgery and revisit the modified rubber stopper technique using a commonly available rubber stopper from a medication bottle over a standard adult pin of a Mayfield head clamp to prevent the pins from plunging through the thin pediatric skull.