Mengurangi keterbukaan hutan melalui teknik pemananenan kayu yang tepat di hutan alam

Kegiatan pemanenan kayu memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar terhadap produksi kayu. Pohon produksi yang berada di dalam hutan tidak dapat dimanfaatkan jika tidak ditebang dan tidak dikeluarkan dari dalam hutan. Metode penelitian ini adalah membuat 6 plot contoh pengamatan (PCP) masing-masing 3 PCP untuk teknik perbaikan (TP) dan 3 PCP untuk teknik konvensional (TK) pada satu petak tebang, melakukan penebangan pohon dan penyaradan dengan TP dan TK, melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran produktivitas pemanenan kayu dan luas areal hutan yang terbuka akibat penebangan dan penyaradan serta menganalisis pengaruh kedua teknik terhadap produktivitas areal hutan terbuka dengan uji t. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua teknik pemanenan kayu terhadap produktivitas dan areal hutan terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Rata-rata produktivitas penebangan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 10,60 m3/jam dan 13,95 m3/jam 2) Rata-rata produktivitas penyaradan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 7,25 m3/jam dan 9,60 m3/jam; 3) Rata-rata areal hutan terbuka akibat penebangan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 15,67% dan 7,43% ; 4) Rata-rata areal hutan terbuka akibat penyaradan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 10,50% dan 6,68%. Menerapkan teknik perbaikan dapat mengurangi terjadinya keterbukaan hutan pada penebangan dan penyaradan masing-masing sebesar 8,24% dan 3,82%.ABSTRACTTimber harvesting provides a very large contribution to timber production. Tree production that is in the forest can't be used if they are not felling and removed from the forest. This research method is to make 6 sample observation plot (SOP) each 3 SOP for improving technique (IT) and 3 SOP for conventional technique (CT) on one logging compartment, do felling and skidding by IT and CT, make observations, and measuring the productivity of timber harvesting and the area of open forest due to felling and skidding and analyzing the effect of the two techniques on the productivity of the open forest area with t-test. The research objective was to determine the effect of two timber harvesting techniques on productivity and open forest areas. The results showed that the average productivity of felling by CT and IT was 10.60 m3/hour and 13.95 m3/hour respectively. The average productivity of skidding by CT and IT was 7.25 m3/hour and 9.60 m3/hour respectively. The average open forest area due to felling by CT and IT was 15.6% and 7.43% respectively. The average open forest area due to skidding by CT and IT was 10.50% and 6.68% respectively. Applying improve technique reduced the open forest area through felling and skidding by 8.24% and 3.82% respectively.

Education of microsurgical technique for young surgeons by International Society for Experimental Microsurgery West Japan and future prospects

The need for microscopic vascular anastomosis has increased in the field of gastrointestinal surgery. Herein we report the activities for microsurgical training by ISEM West Japan.Since 2015, we have held the Hands-on seminar twice a year using artificial blood vessel. The participants sutured it with 9-0 polypropylene suture under bench microscopes. Competitions for microsurgical arterial anastomosis were held in the seminar, in which we evaluated the anastomosis regarding the leakage and patency.Totally 208 participants attended the hands-on seminar. No relation was seen between the years of surgical experience and the score. However, there was a relation between the number of participation and the score.Through our hands-on seminar, young surgeon could improve technique and motivation for the microsurgery.

Development and Evaluation of a Low-Drift Inertial Sensor-Based System for Analysis of Alpine Skiing Performance

In skiing it is important to know how the skier accelerates and inclines the skis during the turn to avoid injuries and improve technique. The purpose of this pilot study with three participants was to develop and evaluate a compact, wireless, and low-cost system for detecting the inclination and acceleration of skis in the field based on inertial measurement units (IMU). To that end, a commercial IMU board was placed on each ski behind the skier boot. With the use of an attitude and heading reference system algorithm included in the sensor board, the orientation and attitude data of the skis were obtained (roll, pitch, and yaw) by IMU sensor data fusion. Results demonstrate that the proposed IMU-based system can provide reliable low-drifted data up to 11 min of continuous usage in the worst case. Inertial angle data from the IMU-based system were compared with the data collected by a video-based 3D-kinematic reference system to evaluate its operation in terms of data correlation and system performance. Correlation coefficients between 0.889 (roll) and 0.991 (yaw) were obtained. Mean biases from −1.13° (roll) to 0.44° (yaw) and 95% limits of agreements from 2.87° (yaw) to 6.27° (roll) were calculated for the 1-min trials. Although low mean biases were achieved, some limitations arose in the system precision for pitch and roll estimations that could be due to the low sampling rate allowed by the sensor data fusion algorithm and the initial zeroing of the gyroscope.

Realtime flicker removal for fast video streaming and detection of moving objects

High-speed cameras are used in computer vision systems to track balls, shuttlecocks, or players in many different sports. Collected information is used for statistics, as coaches’ and players’ aids to improve technique and tactics or as referees’ aids to verify their decisions or to enrich television broadcasts. Sports arenas in which games are played are often equipped with lights generating flickering effects in captured movies. A fast and yet effective enough algorithm is necessary to remove flickering so movement detection and object tracking algorithms could be used. In this paper, we propose a fast flicker removal algorithm working as an online filter on frame streams at speeds exceeding 200 frames per second. Most of the solutions found in literature concentrate on effectiveness and accuracy and not on the speed of operation. In contrast, our original solution is designed with speed in mind with sufficient accuracy to be used before calculating differential frames to detect movement in streams. Our algorithm is adaptive and works when lighting conditions are changing (new light sources) and performs well with various light sources that are causing flickering. The results of the experiments carried out show the high effectiveness of the method implemented on CPU and GPU, allowing effective tracking of objects of interest in preliminary applications of a commercially offered instant review system for badminton.

SIMULATION OF A THROWING DEVICE FOR WRESTLERS

Aim. The paper aims to develop a model of a training device for wrestlers that helps to improve technique and special physical fitness. Materials and Methods. The study investigates the process of developing technical skills and special physical fitness in wrestlers. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scientific and methodical literature and practical experience, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment. The efficacy of the device was tested together with the Perm Krai federation of sports and combat sambo during 2018–2019 academic year. Thirty wrestlers aged from 14 to 16 years participated in the study (CG, n = 15; EG, n = 15). All wrestlers were of different weight categories and possessed a title of Candidate for Master of Sport. Results. The results of the pedagogical experiment testify to a significant advantage (p < 0.05) of sambo wrestlers in the experimental group over sambo wrestlers in the control group in terms of special physical fitness. Competitive activity of the experimental group is more stable, and the growth of sportsmanship is higher than that of the control group. Conclusion. The authors developed a model of a training device for wrestlers to improve their technical skills and special physical fitness. However, the engineering and technical component of the training device is not perfect and requires further improvement.

Incorporating improvisation into classical music performance

The paucity of improvisation over the last 150 years of western art music is an anomaly. This chapter discusses why and how classical musicians today might incorporate more improvisation into their practice and performance. Examples from professional musicians demonstrate innovative approaches to classical improvisation as well as methods for renewing historical practices in modern contexts. As a developmental tool, improvisation can be used to deepen understanding of traditional repertoire, improve technique and aural skills, expand expressive possibilities, discover a personal voice, and lessen performance anxiety. Methods for increasing improvisation in public performance are also illustrated, including the preparation of improvised cadenzas in canonical repertoire, the exploration of multiple possible score interpretations, the practice of functional improvisation for church services, and the adventure of boundary-challenging creative acts. The chapter concludes by addressing challenges and constraints faced by potential improvisers in today’s classical music culture, especially in relation to education (when important enabling skill sets are left underdeveloped), career pressures (when deviations from convention are risky) and value systems (when improvisation is considered wrong and the creative capacity of performers is deemed inferior). Classical performers are encouraged to take some of their training into their own hands and assert their right for greater artistic autonomy.

Imagery for the Improvement of Serving in Beach Volleyball: A Single Case Study

Imagery is a widely spread technique in sport psychology. The aim of the present study was to use PETTLEP and Paivio’s imagery models as an intervention to establish routine, to improve technique and to boost self-confidence toward serving of an Elite Beach Volleyball player. A single case study was conducted with a 25-year-old athlete. The researcher followed the athlete during serving practice for 4 months, guiding him through imagery exercises. Two open-ended interviews and six questionnaires were examined by content analysis. Results suggest that imagery did help the player. Limitations of this study and recommendations for imagery use are presented.