Determination of Wear Metals Debris Concentration in Aircraft Engines

The presence of debris of metals in the lubricating oil provides important information about the conditioning monitoring of machines. Commonly used method involves use of spectroscopic methods. The sample characteristics was analyzed using two samples of lubricating oils that were categorized A1 and A2. The dry ash method was adopted for the preparation of samples of oil and concentrated H2SO4 in a ratio 1: l, followed by dissolution in a 2 Molar HNO3 acid. These samples were separately subjected to absorption spectroscopy based on atomic analysis and infrared spectroscopy based on Fourier analysis. The concentrations of the wear metals debris were determined along with their corresponding wavelengths. The metals determined includes iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu), Cadmium(Cd), and Chromium(Cr). The information about thesemetal concentration is an important factor for monitoring and maintenance of aircraft engines and can help in quantitatively recovery of these metals, hence solving environmental problems to some extent.

The Effects of Benzene Substituents and Intermediate Linkage on Local Anesthetic Effectiveness

<p> There are many experimental studies on the effectiveness of clinically effective local anesthetics (LA). Although an atomic analysis of LAs would contribute to understanding the factors that influence their effectiveness, there have been no theoretical studies performed thus far. Previous prominent papers in the field have examined the aromatic ring and amine terminal of LAs in great detail. In this paper, I establish which type of intermediate linkage – ester or amide – lends to a relatively greater effectiveness. I also elucidate the extent to which substitutions on the LA’s benzene ring differentially influence amino esters’ and amino amides’ relative effectiveness. Using novel structure-based drug design (SBDD) techniques, I observed that LA effectiveness is influenced more by benzene ring substitutions and, to a lesser degree, by the type of intermediate linkage.</p><div><br></div>

The Effects of Benzene Substituents and Intermediate Linkage on Local Anesthetic Effectiveness

<p> There are many experimental studies on the effectiveness of clinically effective local anesthetics (LA). Although an atomic analysis of LAs would contribute to understanding the factors that influence their effectiveness, there have been no theoretical studies performed thus far. Previous prominent papers in the field have examined the aromatic ring and amine terminal of LAs in great detail. In this paper, I establish which type of intermediate linkage – ester or amide – lends to a relatively greater effectiveness. I also elucidate the extent to which substitutions on the LA’s benzene ring differentially influence amino esters’ and amino amides’ relative effectiveness. Using novel structure-based drug design (SBDD) techniques, I observed that LA effectiveness is influenced more by benzene ring substitutions and, to a lesser degree, by the type of intermediate linkage.</p><div><br></div>

Kandungan Protein dan Kalsium Pada Biskuit Formula Tempe dengan Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Sebagai Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI)

The results of the research on tempe biscuit with the substitution of moringa flour as MP-ASI did not reveal the content of protein and calcium which is a nutrient Which is important to know as fast food. This study aims to determine the content of protein and calcium in tempe biscuit formula with kelor leaf flour substitution.This research uses laboratory. Samples analyzed were 2 samples with no substitution of 0% Moringa flour (control) and samples with Moringa flour substitution 9% (13.5 g) based on consumer acceptance. Aanalysis of proteins by khjedal method and mineral by atomic analysis spektrofothometer (AAS). The results showed that the content of protein and calcium biscuit of tempe formula with the substitution of maize flour 9% (13.5 g) respectively by 14.9% and 38.3 mg, Greater than non-substitution of maize leaf powder respectively 12.6% and 21.4 g. It was concluded that the content of protein and calcium biscuit with the substitution of moringa flour is higher than that without the substitution of moringa flour. Further research on the formulation of complementari of food for breast milk is required to balance the nutritional value in accordance with the needs of infants 6-24 months. Keywords : Biscuits, Protein Content, Calcium Conten

Merging in-solution X-ray and neutron scattering data allows fine structural analysis of membrane-protein detergent complexes

In-solution small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) have become popular methods to characterize the structure of membrane proteins, solubilized by either detergents or nanodiscs. SANS studies of protein-detergent complexes usually require deuterium-labelled proteins or detergents, which in turn often lead to problems in their expression or purification. Here, we report an approach whose novelty is the combined analysis of SAXS and SANS data from an unlabeled membrane protein complex in solution in two complementary ways. Firstly, an explicit atomic analysis, including both protein and detergent molecules, using the program WAXSiS which has been adapted to predict SANS data. Secondly, the use of MONSA which allows to discriminate between detergent head- and tail-groups in an ab initio approach. Our approach is readily applicable to any detergent-solubilized protein and provides more detailed structural information on protein-detergent complexes from unlabeled samples than SAXS or SANS alone.

Two-Dimensional Monolayer MX2 (M=Mo, W; X=S, Se) Synthesis, Characterization and Device Applications

Recently two-dimensional layered semiconductors with promising electronic and optical properties, have opened up a new way for applications in atomically thin electronics and optoelectronics. Here we demonstrate large area synthesis of monolayer MoS2 and WSe2 using a chemical vapor deposition method at ambient pressure. The atomic analysis of the as-grown monolayer was conducted by spherical-aberration-corrected high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to identify the monolayer configuration of the as-grown samples. Strong photoluminescence peaks at a visible wavelength were observed at room temperature in the as-grown monolayer samples. The mobility and carrier concentrations were calculated in as-grown monolayer-based transistor devices. The emergency of these two dimensional materials provides grand possibilities for future semiconductor device applications.

Structure of catalase determined by MicroED

MicroED is a recently developed method that uses electron diffraction for structure determination from very small three-dimensional crystals of biological material. Previously we used a series of still diffraction patterns to determine the structure of lysozyme at 2.9 Å resolution with MicroED (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib26">Shi et al., 2013</xref>). Here we present the structure of bovine liver catalase determined from a single crystal at 3.2 Å resolution by MicroED. The data were collected by continuous rotation of the sample under constant exposure and were processed and refined using standard programs for X-ray crystallography. The ability of MicroED to determine the structure of bovine liver catalase, a protein that has long resisted atomic analysis by traditional electron crystallography, demonstrates the potential of this method for structure determination.