Cultural Norm Configurations in Acehnese Lullaby

This study is aimed to provide an overview of the cultural reality of lullaby, doda idi from Acehnese family habit. This study describes the cultural norms and values configuration viewed from an ethno-pragmatic perspective and the local wisdom identified from the discourse. This study presents the cultural script approach. This approach is a descriptive technique that has grown out of the cross-cultural semantic theory proposed. The cultural discourse analysis of norms and values on natural semantic meta-language theory. It is considering that cultural norms and values constituted rules and regulations in social communication interaction practices. This lullaby linked to particular ways of speaking in the family's private domain, in this case, from mother and her child. Generally speaking, most cross-cultural communication styles assume that within a particular speech community, there are certain shared understandings about how it is appropriate to speak in a particular and cultural situation. A certain methodological technique is adopted to describe speech patterns and identify the relevant cultural values of this speech pattern. The proposed Acehnese cultural script is linked with (1) Showing high respect, (2) patriotic spirit, and (3) giving advice. The configuration of these cultural norms and values is the understanding of knowledge and wisdom in terms of the lullaby system. The configuration is constructed in low-level scripts with lexicons in semantic primes.

Lordly Management and its Discontents: ‘Human Resource Management’ in Pakistan

New institutionalism increasingly informs work on comparative human resource management (HRM), downplaying power and how competing logics play out, and potentially providing an incomplete explanation of how and why ‘HRM’ and associated practices vary in different national contexts. We examine HRM in Pakistan’s banking industry and assess how managers’ espoused views of HRM practices reflect prevailing ones in dominant HRM models, and how they differ from early-career professionals’ perceptions of these practices. The cultural script of ‘seth’ (a neo-feudalist construction of authority) influences managers’ implementation of HRM policies and competes with the espoused HRM logic. We argue that managers will pursue a ‘seth’ logic when managing employees, as it reproduces existing power differentials within companies. By doing so, they render HRM unrecognizable from dominant models. Indeed, by using the term ‘HRM’, much of the existing, new institutionalism-influenced literature rationalizes a particular view of organizations and management that is inappropriate and analytically misleading in emerging economies.

Reflecting on Life Script, Related Unconscious Beliefs, and Future Projections as a Factor of Remission Duration in Male Patients With Alcohol Dependence

A cross-sectional study performed in a Moscow hospital for addiction treatment (2019—2020) tested a hypothesis that the capacity to reflect on a life script exert¬ed a positive effect on alcohol dependence (AD) remission duration. The sample included 61 males with AD and without dual diagnosis; the mean age was 44.1 (SD = 10.1) years. Methods. (1) Socio-demographic and clinical data was collected using a semi-structured therapeutic interview. (2) Explicit representations of one’s future were evaluated using a Self-defining Future Projections task; “Life Line”, and a “Cultural script” task. (3) Data on life script characteristics was gathered using the semi-structured “Script Questionnaire”. Qualitative data was processed by means of quantitative content analysis performed by experts based on relevant guidelines. Effects of verbalized life script characteristics on several remission parameters were assessed using multiple linear regression. Results and Conclusions. People with AD who were capable of verbalizing and reflecting on long-term, self-relevant repre¬sentations of the future related to the basic beliefs about their own life course, were capable of maintaining longer remissions in contrast to those who failed to reflect on these topics and limited their memories and future projections by overgeneral cultural script events.

Comparison as a Lens: Interpretation of the Cultural Script of a Korean Mathematics Lesson Through the Perspective of International Lesson Study

This study aims to examine how cross cultural analysis can lead to deeper understanding of the cultural script of teaching, and how teachers learn to transform their teaching script through a research-based transnational learning platform. In this study, emphasis is placed on a cross cultural analysis to view in depth the cultural script of teaching mathematics in Korea through the eyes of Japanese teachers and critical lenses of researchers’ feedback. The objective herein is to focus on the challenges whereby Korean teachers have to redesign teaching as they look at students as problem solvers. This cross cultural analysis attempts to determine the cultural script of teaching mathematics in Korea and improve the quality of teaching from the following two perspectives: 1) teacher teaching, and 2) student learning.

The Rise of Student Choice, and the Decline of Academic Autonomy

This chapter critically evaluates the balance between compulsion and choice in contemporary narratives around the University, as scripted by policy documents and critiqued in the literature. Specifically, it analyses the cultural script of the ‘student- as- consumer’, and its impact on the academic– student relationship. For young people making the decision about whether to go to University, where to go, and what to study, the process is replete with choices – reflecting the landscape laid out in the 2010 Browne Report, which presented the increase in tuition fees as enabling students to benefit from an enhanced range of choices offered by a competitive marketplace. Yet, the study reveals that this choice is limited to decisions about where to go to university rather than deeper considerations about whether to proceed to Higher Education. This reflects tensions within the logics of massification, marketisation and politicisation. The analysis reveals an iterative reconfiguration of the purpose of Higher Education, through the augmentation of the ‘student- as- consumer’ and the gradual disappearance of the academic as central to the work of the University. As such, the chapter argues that deprofessionalisation and waning autonomy are not unintended consequences of policy developments, but critical prerequisites for the situation of Higher Education as the expected next step for increasing proportions of school leavers.

Intentional paronymy in the Russian linguoculture

The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize speech-behavioral situations (SBS) and speech-cultural scripts (scenarios) (SCS) of intentional paronymy, which traditionally include paronomasia and paronymic attraction, in the Russian linguocultural space. The object of study is paronyms used intentionally in various speech-behavioral situations of the Russian linguocultural space. The subject of the research is the originality of the system of speech-behavioral situations and the speech-cultural scripts caused by them provided that paronymy is intentionally used. The facts were investigated based on the Russian paronyms dictionaries. As a result of the work carried out, it was possible to show that in situations of intentional paronymy, two types of speech-behavioral tactics (SBT) can be used: the tactics of intentional paronymic replacement / substitution / error and the tactics of artistic design of speech. The author's conclusions are as follows: firstly, speech-behavioral situations of the intentional use of paronymy arising in the tactics of intentional paronymic substitution / error are a slip of the tongue, a misspelling, a mishearing, a misreading with possible speech-cultural scenarios of jokes, satire, irony, humorous or comic overtones, as well as overtones of condemnation, resentment, humiliation, ridicule, adventure, deception and others. In this case, only the wrong component of the paronymic opposition organized according to the principle of the „right” // „wrong” dichotomy is used. An exception is the mishearing situation, where both components of the paronymic pair are represented. Secondly, speech-behavioral situations arising in the tactics of artistic design of speech using paronymy are patronymic convergence and paronymic rhyming. These two speech-behavioral situations are accompanied by a speech-cultural script of enhancing the artistry and / or expressiveness of the text and the SCS of described assessment. In speech-behavioral situations of patronymic convergence and paronymic rhyming, at least two components of the paronymic series are represented, since intentional paronymy appears in these situations as a binary stylistic device.

Opowieść o jesieni jako rite de passage. Rola scenariuszy kultury w oswajaniu choroby nowotworowej u dzieci

The story of autumn as a rite of passage. The role of cultural scripts in making children come to terms with cancerIllness is a phenomenon that goes beyond its purely medical dimension; its social and cultural aspects are noted more and more often. The turn to medical anthropology discussed in the article as well as contextual approach to communication viewed through culture demonstrate that illness is a phenomenon that should be talked about openly. The research referred to by the author shows that thanatological themes should not be avoided also in conversation with children. Thanks to an analysis of therapeutic tales structured by Woźny’s cultural script it has been possible to demonstrate that conversations about death lose their dramatic quality, if they are based on metaphor. A vivid, well-ordered presentation of dying in the form of a metaphor from a tale is one of the ways of teaching children the truth about death. Presenting dying in the form of a ritual is thus a ready-made pattern, i.e. a cultural script.

Interlude

This coda explores the role of home care workers in helping patients and their kin establish rituals and meaning at the end of life. Kin often find themselves having difficulty creating the proper ritual space or sense of union and communion with the dead and with each other. They do not have a cultural script of what to do, which leads to greater grief. This lack of ritual around home deaths speaks to the cultural desire to avoid death as long as possible, the expertise of medical authorities in structuring the dying process in hospitals, and the fact that aging in general is somewhat unstructured, with relatively few rituals in comparison to the transitions of childhood and youth. Given the lack of structure in home deaths, kin are amenable to guidance about new kinds of social actions from others, including from home care workers, who become experts in dying. Such moments draw patients’ kin and home care workers closer together.