scholarly journals Application of Industrial Computer Tomography to Determine Wood Porosity

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (49) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Eva Buranská ◽  
Peter Rantuch ◽  
Ivan Buranský ◽  
Alexandra Kucmanová
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Light Metal ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The main objective of this research was to analyse the limitations of iCT - industrial computer tomography for measuring the wood pores characteristics as a new non-destructive method which is primarily intended to measure and inspect complete components primarily made of plastics or light metal. The subject matter of this paper are wood samples of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) before and after thermal treatment. Porosity, pore volume and distribution of pores on the wood samples before and after the heat treatment were measured by iCT Metrotom 1500. The total porosity of the samples before thermal treatment was 5.28 % (paulownia) and 14.90 % (ash), while after thermal treatment, porosity increased to 9.50 % (paulownia) and to 30.78 % (ash). Changes in the porosity of the samples before and after heat treatment show an increase in porosity of 3.87 % (paulownia) and 15.88 % (ash).

Incremental Forming for Aluminum Automotive Technology

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Golovashchenko ◽  
Al Krause ◽  
Alan J. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Deformation And Heat Treatment ◽  
Automotive Panels ◽  
Heat Treatment Regimes ◽  
Complex Parts

Insufficient formability can be a major issue in the manufacturing of complex parts, particularly in aluminum alloys that have less formability when compared to steel. The approach which is the subject of this work is to determine the technical feasibility of partial forming, followed by a fast heat treatment and then further deformation. Alloys for consideration would include both 5xxx and 6xxx alloys typically used on interior and exterior automotive panels. The heat treatment regimes used for 6xxx alloys did not affect the material structure, which was confirmed by microstructural analysis and comparison of mechanical properties before and after the heat treatment. Experiments on 5xxx alloys indicated relative improvement of 300% or more. Regimes of material deformation and heat treatment will be presented.

Other Women: Thinking Class and Gender in Contemporary Brazilian Documentary Film

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maia
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

Focusing on the relational dimension of some selected works, this essay proposes to consider the subject matter as films with women rather than films of women. The main effort is to understand something that takes place in-between spaces – before and after the camera, but also between viewer and film – and critically reflect on the aesthetic, ethical and political potential that a cinema marked by different women’s perspectives can bring to light. The author concludes that instead of reflecting a certain proximity between women, most films by contemporary female documentarists in Brazil, are suffering from the impact of the difference in social station between the director and the women being filmed.

Meningkatkan Sikap Sosial Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Value Clarification Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurasiah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to determine the social attitudes of students before and after using the value clarification technique (VCT) learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research which consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting which lasts for two cycles, with the subject of class V MI Nurul Yakin, amounting to 17 students. Before using the VCT learning model, the average percentage of students' social attitudes reached 47% (less). After using the VCT learning model the average percentage of students' social attitudes in the first cycle reached 58% (less), while in cycle 2 the average percentage of students' social attitudes reached 78% (good). There were changes in the students' social attitudes in the learning process by applying the VCT learning model to the subject matter of the Akhah Akhlak the subject fosters harmony with neighbors and society.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan Sikap Sosial Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Value Clarification Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurasiah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to determine the social attitudes of students before and after using the value clarification technique (VCT) learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research which consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting which lasts for two cycles, with the subject of class V MI Nurul Yakin, amounting to 17 students. Before using the VCT learning model, the average percentage of students' social attitudes reached 47% (less). After using the VCT learning model the average percentage of students' social attitudes in the first cycle reached 58% (less), while in cycle 2 the average percentage of students' social attitudes reached 78% (good). There were changes in the students' social attitudes in the learning process by applying the VCT learning model to the subject matter of the Akhah Akhlak the subject fosters harmony with neighbors and society.

Readability of High School Text Passages before and after Revision

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Hittleman ◽  
H. Alan Robinson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
School Level ◽  
Reading Specialists ◽  
School Text ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

Reading specialists at the secondary school level have been concerned for a long time about improved reading in the subject matter areas. Recently, there has been growing concern for qualitatively analyzing some of the difficulties students encounter in reading subject matter materials. Hopefully, analyses of the difficulties the materials present to students will provide information for restructuring or rewriting the materials so they will be easier to read.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Treatment on Selected Fire Safety Features of Tropical Wood 

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Linda Makovicka Osvaldova ◽  
Miroslav Gasparik ◽  
Javier Ramon Sotomayor Castellanos ◽  
Frank Markert ◽  
Patricia Kadlicova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Burn Rate ◽  
Thermally Treated

The subject matter of the article is thermally modified tropical wood (Meranti and Merbau) and its reaction on fire. Thermal treatment of wood (thermal wood) is a new technology of wood treatment improving its physical and biological properties and increasing its resistance to biological wood destroying processes and atmospheric effects. The fire and technical properties of thermal wood, especially its reaction to fire, have not been studied sufficiently. The latter is the subject matter of this article. A comparison is made to describe the influence of process temperatures of the thermal modification of selected tropical woody plants. Experimental equipment was non-standardized laboratory equipment using a flame source of higher intensity (flame burner - propane-butane) affecting the test sample in an open environment. This is a simulation of an actual fire. The performance of the thermally treated wood (20 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C) is evaluated by measuring the weight loss and the burning rate. The results are presented in tables and diagrams and are statistically evaluated. This study investigated the effects of the thermal treatment of Merbau and Meranti wood on selected burning characteristics. The results obtained from raw (untreated) wood test specimens were compared to results obtained from the test specimens subjected to thermal treatment at 160 °C, 180 °C and 210 °C. The monitored characteristics were weight loss and the burn rate. The results showed that the thermal treatment of Merbau and Meranti wood significantly increased its flammability and accelerated its combustion. In addition, its burn rate was higher than in untreated wood, reflecting that it is necessary to add fire retardants to thermally treated Merbau and Meranti wood.

Structure Analysis of Magnesium Alloy (AZ31) Wires at Different Stages of a Multistage Cold Drawing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Teresa Bajor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The formability of magnesium alloys is the subject of efforts undertaken in many research centers due to their outstanding mechanical, plastic, and above all, physical properties. For this reason, magnesium alloys have become an important material which finds broad possibilities for application in many industries: automotive, electronics, aerospace and so on.The paper presents an analysis of changes in structure of AZ31 magnesium alloy wire cold-deformed in the drawing process using interoperate heat treatment. Microstructure observations of the wire by means of optical microscopy were performed in initial state, after each drawing process, and before and after heat treatment. The studies regarding the impact of selected variants of deformation on microstructure were also carried out at the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Istota i formy ilościowych przekształceń przedmiotowych w polskim procesie cywilnym

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Anna Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Identical Result ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Polish Code ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
As If

The Polish Code of Civil Procedure (CCP) does regulate the amendments of the subject of claim in Art. 193. It must be observed that the Code (similar to the former Code of Civil Procedure of 1932) does not supply a statutory definition of the amendment of claim, leaving this matter to the theory of civil procedure; the regulation is only concerned with the admissibility of a change. Speaking in most general terms, an amendment of a claim is a procedural act which results in transformation of particular elements of the claim, thus directly influencing the proceedings. However, the continuity of the proceedings before and after the amendment must be preserved, in the sense that earlier procedural acts of the parties and evidence collected remain at least partially pertinent. The claimant’s act amending the claim may as well limit as extend the subject matter of the proceedings. It can also, obviously, contain as well an amendment of the requested remedy as the factual basis of the claim. A separate amendment of only one of those elements seems also possible. As a quantitative amendment of the claim must also be considered the introduction of a new claim besides the original one (a cumulative amendment). Such an amendment is expressly provided by Art. 193 § 2 CCP. It must be stressed that, as a matter of fact, the extension of the claim in a cumulative form, as regulated in Art. 193§ 2 CPC, shall produce the identical result as if the claimant already in the statement of claim availed of a possibility provided in Art. 191 CCP, namely to cumulate more than one substantive law claim in one statement of claim against the same respondent. The claimant’s procedural acts aimed at the quantitative amendment of the claim include also the limitation of the claim, thus resulting in the limitation of the subject matter of the proceedings. Undoubtedly, the limitation of the claim is a party’s procedural act bearing upon the court’s decision.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

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