scholarly journals Paulownia tomentosa flower polysaccharide as an effective immunopotentiator to enhance immune responses for Newcastle disease vaccine in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Junjie Jin ◽  
Fuxing Hao ◽  
Haifeng Yang ◽  
Hongxiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Ig G

To investigate the immunomodulatory activity and explore the mechanism of Paulownia tomentosa flower polysaccharides (PTFP). PTFP was orally administrated to mice for seven successive days before and after Newcastle disease vaccination. The results demonstrated that compared with the vaccine control (VC) group, PTFP enhanced the inhibition of hemagglutination assay antibody titers, promoted the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibodies responses, enhanced proliferation of spleen T and B lymphocytes, increased the secretions of interferon-γ and interleukin-10 cytokines of spleen lymphocytes, and promoted the activation of natural killer cells. Therefore, PTFP, as an effective immunopotentiator, could induce a mixed T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses and an innate immune response.

scholarly journals Effect of mannanoligosaccharides and/or enzymes on antibody titers against infectious bursal and Newcastle disease viruses

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Oliveira ◽  
D.F. Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
D.E. Faria Filho ◽  
R.H. Marques ◽  
V.M.B. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers

The effect of including mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and/or enzymes in broiler diets on antibody titers against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. A total of 750 broilers were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 + 1 with two levels of MOS (0 and 0.1% until 21 days and 0.05% from 22 to 42 days of age), two levels of enzymes (0 and 0.05%) and a positive control diet containing antibiotic, totaling five treatments with five replicates each. For antibody analyses, blood samples were weekly collected by jugular vein puncture in the same two birds per replicate. The first and last collections were done at 7 and 42 days of age, respectively. The inclusion of MOS resulted in increased antibody titers against IBDV in the fourth (P<0.03) and fifth (P<0.02) weeks, and against NDV in the third (P<0.01), fourth (P<0.03) and fifth (P<0.03) weeks of age. MOS was effective in stimulating the humoral immune responses against IBDV and NDV vaccine viruses.

scholarly journals The enhanced immunological activity of Paulownia tomentosa flower polysaccharide on Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Yang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Xiaozhou Xu ◽  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Qingxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Immune Efficacy ◽  
Serum Antibody Titer

Abstract The extracts of Paulownia tomentosa (P. tomentosa) exhibit multiple pharmacological activities. In the present study, P. tomentosa flower polysaccharides (PTFP) were extracted by water decoction and ethanol precipitation, and the immunologic modulations of PTFP against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was investigated in chickens. The results showed that in a certain range of concentrations, PTFP treatment can dose-dependently enhance lymphocyte proliferation. Then, 280 14-days-old chickens were randomly divided into seven groups, and vaccinated with ND vaccine except blank control (BC) group. At the first vaccination, chickens were orally administrated with PTFP at concentration ranging from 0 to 50 mg/kg once a day for 3 successive days, and the BC group was treated with physiological saline. The lymphocyte proliferation rate, serum antibody titer, and levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were respectively measured on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first vaccination. The results showed that PTFP at the suitable doses could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, and improve serum IFN-γ concentrations. Taken together, these data indicated that PTFP could improve the immune efficacy against ND vaccine in chickens, and could be as the candidate of a new-type immune adjuvant.

scholarly journals Despite egg-adaptive mutations, the 2012-13 H3N2 influenza vaccine induced comparable antibody titers to the intended strain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cobey ◽  
Kaela Parkhouse ◽  
Benjamin S. Chambers ◽  
Hildegund C. Ertl ◽  
Kenneth E. Schmader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Actual Vaccine

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza vaccination aims to prevent infection by influenza virus and reduce associated morbidity and mortality; however, vaccine effectiveness (VE) can be modest, especially for subtype A/H3N2. Failure to achieve consistently high VE has been attributed both to mismatches between the vaccine and circulating influenza strains and to the vaccine's elicitation of protective immunity in only a subset of the population. The low H3N2 VE in 2012-13 was attributed to egg-adaptive mutations that created antigenic mismatch between the intended (A/Victoria/361/2011) and actual vaccine strain (IVR-165).MethodsWe investigate the basis of the low VE in 2012-2013 by evaluating whether vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were infected by different viral strains and assessing the serologic responses to A/Victoria/361/2011 and the IVR-165 vaccine strain in an adult cohort before and after vaccination.ResultsWe found no significant genetic differences between the strains that infected vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccination increased titers to A/Victoria/361/2011 as much as to IVR-165. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that vaccination served merely to boost preexisting cross-reactive immune responses, which provided limited protection against infection with the circulating influenza strains.ConclusionsIn contrast to suggestive analyses based on ferret antisera, low H3N2 VE in 2012-13 does not appear to be due to the failure of the egg-adapted strain to induce a response to the intended vaccine strain. Instead, low VE might have been caused by the emergence of anti-genically novel influenza strains and low vaccine immunogenicity in a subset of the population.

Immunologic Improvement of Vaccine for Newcastle Disease via Co-Inoculation of Cattle Transfer Factor in Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongrui Guo ◽  
Xinyang Li ◽  
Xiaodan Li ◽  
Xinyue Jiang ◽  
Weiming Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background: Transfer factors (TFs), a novel immunostimulatory reagent, have found use as auxiliary or primary therapy for many diseases. The aim of this study was to explore whether TFs are able to strengthen immune responses of Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccines in broilers.Results: The serum antioxidant status was increased in TF-treatment broilers. TF subcutaneous injection could significantly increase (P < 0.5) the antibody titers at 14 and 21 days of the experiment. Moreover, TF treatment increased development of organs of the immune system, such as spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius through inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation. Cellular immune responses were found to have higher levels in the groups with TF co-inoculation compared to those groups only treated with the ND vaccine, showing phenomena of higher expressions of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. Moreover, the immunostimulatory effect of TF subcutaneous injection treatment is better than oral and intramuscular injection.Conclusion: our findings suggest that TF treatment can improve antioxidant status and strengthen immune responses to ND vaccine, including antibody production and cellular immunity (lymphocytes proliferation and cytokines production) of the broilers, and the subcutaneous injection of TF is the appropriate inoculation way. Thus, TFs are a potent adjuvant and can serve as a medicine for immunoregulation.

Effects of dietary Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function in weaned pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Yuan ◽  
X.S. Piao ◽  
D.F. Li ◽  
S.W. Kim ◽  
H.S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation Response ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Ig G

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of a polysaccharide isolated from Astragalus membranaceus (APS) on performance and immune responses in weaned pigs. A total of 144 crossbred pigs weaned at 26 to 30 days of age with an average initial live weight (LW) of 7·64 (s.d. 0·290) kg were randomly allotted to six diets supplemented with APS at 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg. There were six replicates (three barrow pens and three gilt pens) per diet treatment with four pigs per pen. Pigs were given food ad libitum for 21 days and the LW and food intake were measured on days 14 and 21. Pigs were intramuscularly injected with 1 mg/kg LW ovalbumin (OVA) on day 14 to evaluate humoral immune response. Blood samples were collected on day 21 to measure leukocyte differential counts, percentage of blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte proliferation response to Concanavalin A, serum concentration of immunoglobulin G (Ig G), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and specific OVA antibody. The results showed that the average daily gain, the numbers of WBC and lymphocytes, the proportion of CD4+ lymphocyte subset, and the contents of IL-2 and IFN-γ increased ( P < 0·05) as pigs were fed increased supplemental level of APS during the 21 d period. However, the contents of specific OVA antibody, Ig G, IL-4, and IL-10 were not affected ( P > 0·05) by dietary levels of APS. The broken line analysis and quadratic regression analysis indicate that the optimal APS supplemental level would be between 381 mg/kg and 568 mg/kg for the maximal ADG and from 324 to 563 mg/kg for immune responses. Collectively, this study suggests that dietary APS can be used as a potential immuno-modulating agent by affecting cellular immunity of weaned pigs.

Lymphocyte function following radioiodine therapy in patients with thyroid carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (05) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Barsegian ◽  
S. P. Müller ◽  
P. A. Horn ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
M. Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation Test ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

SummaryAim: Since the nuclear disaster in Fukushima has raised great concern about the danger of radioactivity, we here addressed the question if the therapeutic use of iodine 131, the most frequently applied radionuclide, was harmful to immune function in patients. It was our aim to define for the first time in a clinical setting how radioiodine therapy alters anti-microbial immune responses. Patients, methods: In 21 patients with thyroid carcinoma anti-microbial lymphocyte responses were assessed by lymphocyte transformation test and ELISpot – measuring lymphocyte proliferation and on a single cell level production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ and interleukin- 10) – prior to therapy, at day 1 and day 7 post therapy. Results: Proliferative lymphocyte responses and interferon-γ production after in vitro stimulation with microbial antigens were significantly (p < 0.05) increased at day 1 vs. pre therapy, and returned to pre therapy levels at day 7. On the contrary, at day 1 interleukin-10 production was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Thus, we observed a short-term increase in pro-inflammatory immune responses. However, T lymphocyte responses were in the range of healthy controls at all three time points. Conclusion: Thyroid carcinoma patients receiving radioiodine therapy do not display any sign of immunosuppression.

scholarly journals A Single Amino Acid Determines the Immunostimulatory Activity of Interleukin 10

2000 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaozhong Ding ◽  
Lihui Qin ◽  
Serguei V. Kotenko ◽  
Sidney Pestka ◽  
Jonathan S. Bromberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Epstein Barr

Cellular interleukin 10s (cIL-10s) of human and murine origin have extensive sequence and structural homology to the Epstein-Barr virus BCRF-I gene product, known as viral IL-10 (vIL-10). Although these cytokines share many immunosuppressive properties, vIL-10 lacks several of the immunostimulatory activities of cIL-10 on certain cell types. The molecular and cellular bases for this dichotomy are not currently defined. Here, we show that the single amino acid isoleucine at position 87 of cIL-10 is required for its immunostimulatory function. Substitution of isoleucine in cIL-10 with alanine, which corresponds to the vIL-10 residue, abrogates immunostimulatory activity for thymocytes, mast cells, and alloantigenic responses while preserving immunosuppressive activity for inhibition of interferon γ production and prolongation of cardiac allograft survival. Conversely, substitution of alanine with isoleucine in vIL-10 converts it to a cIL-10–like molecule with immunostimulatory activity. This single conservative residue alteration significantly affects ligand affinity for receptor; however, affinity changes do not necessarily alter specific activities for biologic responses in a predictable fashion. These results suggest complex regulation of IL-10 receptor–ligand interactions and subsequent biological responses. These results demonstrate that vIL-10 may represent a captured and selectively mutated cIL-10 gene that benefits viral pathogenesis by leading to ineffective host immune responses. The ability to manipulate the activity of IL-10 in either a stimulatory or suppressive direction may be of practical value for regulating immune responses for disease therapy, and of theoretical value for determining what aspects of IL-10 activity are important for normal T cell responses.

scholarly journals Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis, and Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine Potentiate Immune Response in Mice to the Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6892
Author(s):  
Ekaterina I. Lesnova ◽  
Olga V. Masalova ◽  
Kristina Yu. Permyakova ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Kozlov ◽  
Tatyana N. Nikolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Ns5b Protein

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main triggers of chronic liver disease. Despite tremendous progress in the HCV field, there is still no vaccine against this virus. Potential vaccines can be based on its recombinant proteins. To increase the humoral and, especially, cellular immune response to them, more effective adjuvants are needed. Here, we evaluated a panel of compounds as potential adjuvants using the HCV NS5B protein as an immunogen. These compounds included inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and urea cycle, the mTOR pathway, antioxidants, and cellular receptors. A pronounced stimulation of cell proliferation and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion in response to concanavalin A was shown for antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 1826 (CpG). Their usage during the immunization of mice with the recombinant NS5B protein significantly increased antibody titers, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production. NAC and CpG decreased relative Treg numbers; CpG increased the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whereas neither NAC nor DFMO affected MDSC counts. NAC and DFMO suppressed NO and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production by splenocytes, while DFMO increased the levels of IL-12. This is the first evidence of immunomodulatory activity of NAC and DFMO during prophylactic immunization against infectious diseases.

scholarly journals No Changes in Serum Concentrations of Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Interferon γ (IF-γ) Before and After Treatment of the Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Nevenka Laban-Gučeva ◽  
Magdalena Antova ◽  
Milco Bogoev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time

TED is a severe eye disease leading in rare cases to decrease of sight, optic nerve compression and blindness. Recently, significant progresses in understanding the disease have been done. Nevertheless, the treatment of the disease, especially in its severe form remains challenging. Glucocorticoids (GC) have been the basis of the treatment for a long time. Orbital irradiation (OI) and optical decompression (OD) are also used in managing the severe forms of TED. Somatostatin, intravenous immunoglobulin have been also used, with conflicting results. Regarding the potential for the treatment of TED with cytokine antagonists, controlled clinical studies are not available. Since cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of the TED, they seemed to be logical choice for modern TED treatment. It has been shown that both Th1 (interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor γ, interleukin γ) and Th2 (interleukin-4,-5-,-10) profile T cells are activated in the TED. We therefore measured interleukin-γ, IF-γ and interleukin -10 (IL-10)(Th1 and Th2 pattern) to assess its relationship to the course of the disease. This paper shows that both Th1 (Il-2) and Th2 (If-γ) pathways represented by those two cytokines are not involved (Il-10 before 2,29±5,23 and after treatment 3,77±8,44; IF γ before 0,50±0,24 and after treatment 0,35±0,19). No relationship to the response to treatment was found. GC resulted in positive response in 8/22 patients, OI (12 patients) given after CS therapy, resulted in a response in all patients. Increase in proptosis, loss of visual acuity is spite of CS treatment prompted OD in two patients, who both recovered visual acuity and proptosis fell under 25mm Hertel.

scholarly journals Modulation of a Heterologous Immune Response by the Products of Ascaris suum

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6058-6067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C. M. Paterson ◽  
Paul Garside ◽  
Malcolm W. Kennedy ◽  
Catherine E. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Heterologous Antigen

ABSTRACT Helminth infections are among the most potent stimulators of Th2-type immune responses and have been widely demonstrated to modify responsiveness to both nonparasite antigens and other infectious agents in a nonspecific manner in infected animals. We investigated the immunomodulatory properties of pseudocoelomic body fluid from adult Ascaris suum gastrointestinal helminths (ABF) and its defined allergen (ABA-1) by examining their effects on the immune response to a heterologous antigen, ovalbumin. Our results indicate that ABF has potent immunomodulatory activity and that the effects observed are consistent with skewing towards a Th2-type response rather than induction of anergy. Our findings show that the immunomodulatory activities of ABF are associated with components other than the major constituent and putative allergen, ABA-1. Furthermore, the allergic responses to ABA-1 are not a result of an intrinsic allergenicity of the protein but are more a reflection of the wider induction of a Th2 response by the infection. Importantly, the induction of interleukin-10 by ABF also suggests that T regulatory cells may play a role in immunomodulation of immune responses by parasitic helminths.

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