Catalyzed Steam Gasification of Cistus Ladanifer Biochar

Gasification processes require the use of cheap and sustainable raw materials, as well as the optimization of the process, for a suitable commercial use. Cistus Ladanifer (rockrose) could be a suitable raw material for this purpose, as it grows spontaneously in Mediterranean regions, and might contribute to the economic development of these areas. In this research, a study about catalyzed gasification of Cistus Ladanifer biochar was carried out. The aim was to characterize the gaseous phase and to carry out a kinetic study. The experiments were carried out in a thermobalance connected to a gas chromatograph to quantify the exhaust gas. The operating variables studied were the initial carbon mass, temperature, steam partial pressure, the kind of catalyst (ionic or cationic), catalyst concentration and the method to incorporate the catalyst (impregnation or mixture). As a result, impregnation was the most effective way to mix the raw material and the catalyst, with K+ and CO32− as the most active cations and anions used in this experience, respectively. Temperature and steam partial vapor showed a positive effect on conversion and gas yield. The use of ideal models for gas-solid reactions showed acceptable results for the kinetic study.

Electrospun Alumina-Nanofiber-Supported Pt–Sn Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation

Alumina nanofibers (ANFs) were successfully fabricated using electrospinning technology. ANF samples were then calcined at temperatures ranging from 900–1200°C, denoted ANF-900 through ANF-1200 in accordance with their calcination temperatures. Using a wet process, each ANF sample was impregnated with Pt (3 wt%) and Sn (4.5 wt%), followed by drying at 110°C and calcining at 580°C. After they were impregnated with Pt and Sn, ANFs were tested for catalytic activity with the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reaction. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption. PDH catalytic activity of the ANFs was evaluated by comparing propane conversion and propylene selectivity. The results indicate that calcination of ANF prior to catalyst impregnation is crucial to enhancing catalytic activity and that calcination temperature influences catalytic activity. Among the ANF series, ANF-900 achieved the highest catalytic activity.

Analysis of NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst Preparation with Impregnation and Microwave Polyol Methods for Bio-Jet Production

Bio-Jet could be produced by the synthesis of vegetable oil through the hydrodeoxygenation, decarboxylation, decarbonization, and catalytic cracking process. Physical characteristics, activities, and selectivity of the catalyst used will determine the rate, conversion, and yield of the reaction that being carried out. This study aims to compare and obtain the best characteristics of NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts synthesized using two types of preparation, impregnation and microwave polyol methods, which will be used for bio-jet production. The impregnation method takes more than 24 hours for catalyst preparation, while microwave polyols that use microwaves can synthesize catalysts faster. Both catalysts have almost the same loading on the weight of the catalyst, which in the microwave polyol method has a more dispersed promotor and active site, although the crystallinity level is deficient and tends to be amorphous compared to the impregnation method with high crystallinity. In bio-jet synthesis reaction with operating conditions of 5% catalyst loading by comparison to Coconut Oil, 400°C, and 15 bar, the conversion, yield, and selectivity of catalyst impregnation were 91.705%, 47.639%, and 84.511%, while microwave polyol catalysts were 90.296%, 42.752%, and 82.517%, respectively. In conclusion, microwave polyol provides a more effective and efficient preparation method.

THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF HYDROTREATING CATALYSTS

Nowadays the standards for sulfur content in different countries provide for a significant reduction of the indicator to 10 ppm for the gasoline- the raw material for catalytic reforming and 0,01% by weight. Restriction of the total content of aromatic hydrocarbon (no more than 20%), replaced by standards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (no more than 6-10%) and cetane number (45 and higher). This article outlines the development of optimization of the method for synthesis of hydrotreating catalysts. The main purpose of this article is consideration, mainly by the composition of the developed catalyst, of the ways of their modification by additional components, changing the number of active components, modification of the porous structure of the carrier through the synthesis of special types of aluminum oxide with a specified pore distribution by radius or inserting the zeolite component, changes in the conditions of thermal activation of catalysts. One of the main trends in the development of hydrotreating catalysts is their modification by different additives, for example: phosphorus, alkali element, zinc, tin, germanium, copper, uranium, etc. KEYWORDS: activity of industrial catalyst, impregnation by solutions, carrier modification, dispersion of nickel on aluminum oxide.

Karakterisasi Katalis Cu-Cr /Kieselguhr

Copper-chromite active metal catalyst was prepared by using impregnation method with kieselguhr (Al2O3SiO2) as supporting material. The content of metal active was 20% with 1:1 proportion of complex metal Cu : Cr. The specific surface area of catalyst gave specific surface area of 2,537 m2/ gram. X-ray Diffraction analysis, shown that active metal of Cu-copper Cu and cristobalite SiO2. Temperature program analysis, shown that reduction temperature of catalyst was 300 0Cusing by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), the morphology of catalyst was determined.Keyword : Copper-Chromite catalyst, impregnation, Kieselguhr