scholarly journals THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF HYDROTREATING CATALYSTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Ozoda Abdullaevna Salikhova ◽  
Shakhzod Murodovich Makhmudov ◽  
Azim Eshmurodovich Yangibayev
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Hydrotreating Catalysts ◽  
Weight Restriction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Catalyst Impregnation

Nowadays the standards for sulfur content in different countries provide for a significant reduction of the indicator to 10 ppm for the gasoline- the raw material for catalytic reforming and 0,01% by weight. Restriction of the total content of aromatic hydrocarbon (no more than 20%), replaced by standards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (no more than 6-10%) and cetane number (45 and higher). This article outlines the development of optimization of the method for synthesis of hydrotreating catalysts. The main purpose of this article is consideration, mainly by the composition of the developed catalyst, of the ways of their modification by additional components, changing the number of active components, modification of the porous structure of the carrier through the synthesis of special types of aluminum oxide with a specified pore distribution by radius or inserting the zeolite component, changes in the conditions of thermal activation of catalysts. One of the main trends in the development of hydrotreating catalysts is their modification by different additives, for example: phosphorus, alkali element, zinc, tin, germanium, copper, uranium, etc. KEYWORDS: activity of industrial catalyst, impregnation by solutions, carrier modification, dispersion of nickel on aluminum oxide.

scholarly journals Study of the effect of the dose of enzyme preparations on the yield of polyphenolic substances and anthocyanins in fruit, berry and vegetable juices

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
A. R. Khasanov ◽  
N. V. Barakova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Juice Yield ◽  
Functional Beverages

Increasing the yield of juice and biologically active components from plant raw materials is an urgent task in the production of functional beverages. For this, fruit, berry and vegetable pulp was treated with enzymatic preparations of pectolytic action and the yield of juice was determined. Samples of pulp of each raw material were treated with enzyme preparations: Fructocyme P6-L, Fructocyme P, Fructocyme MA, in an amount of 0.03% of the pulp mass. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for two hours, after which the amount of obtained juice was compared with the control sample. As a result, when adding Fructocyme MA to the pulp of apples and carrots, the juice yield increases by 8% and 17%, respectively. When Fructocyme P6-L is added to the pulp of kiwi, blueberries, grapes, the juice yield increases by 6%, 12 and 10%, respectively. To determine the effect of enzyme preparations on the yield of biologically active components, the previously selected enzyme preparations were added to all samples in an amount of 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.07% of the pulp mass, and the total content of polyphenols was determined by colorimetry and anthocyanins. As a result of the experiment, it was found that in terms of the amount of polyphenolic substances extracted from the pulp, fruit and berry raw materials can be divided into three groups: raw materials with loose pulp, with pulp of medium density and raw materials with dense pulp. As a result, individual enzyme preparations and optimal modes of application were selected for each type of raw material. The dependence of the content of polyphenolic compounds on the dosage of the addition of enzyme preparations has been established.

Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 

Determination of the mass proportion of aluminum oxide in aluminosilicate raw material using the BARS-3 instrument

Refractories ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-362
Author(s):  
V. S. Rybakov ◽  
V. A. Esipova ◽  
E. E. Glinskii
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mass Proportion

Development of 3D Printing Technology with Ceramic Paste and Study of Properties of Printed Corundum Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Dolgin ◽  
Aleksei I. Makogon ◽  
Sergey P. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Additive Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Today 3D printing with ceramics is a promising direction in the development of additive technologies. In this work, we have developed a technology for printing with ceramic pastes based on aluminum oxide and wax, namely: an extruder for printing with ceramic pastes was modeled and manufactured, the composition of the slip was selected and the paste for printing was made. After choosing the print parameters, test samples were printed: a disk and a box. Since 3D printing with ceramics is just one of the stages of manufacturing ceramic products, then we selected the parameters for drying and sintering the raw material. Drying of products is necessary to burn off an excess amount of a binder (paraffin), and due to sintering; the raw material acquires final strength and mechanical characteristics. After sintering, the sintering parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the products were measured. The microstructure of the printed products was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The phase change during sintering was studied by X-ray analysis. All obtained properties were compared with a reference sample (corundum tile made of aluminum oxide of the same grade, but using traditional ceramic technology, including pressing, drying and sintering of the product). In terms of all properties, the printed ceramics are not significantly inferior to the reference sample; however, in general, the additive technology has more advantages, such as a wide variety of shapes, shorter manufacturing time for parts, and lower energy costs.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

scholarly journals An Identification and Study of Amino Acids of Erigeron annuus Herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
S. Kovalev ◽  
A. Golovach ◽  
V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precolumn Derivatization ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Erigeron Annuus

Amino acids in the extract of Erigeron annuus herb were determined using an automatic precolumn derivatization with fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV Vis detection. This objective is reached with automatic derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) for primary amino acids and 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) for secondary amino acids. Then derivatization integrates into high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The applied procedure is fast with easily reproduced results. The insufficient knowledge about amino acids composition of herb of Erigeron annuus is the basis for study. This work reports on content of 16 free and bound amino acids (391.41 μg/mg) in the plant raw material and influence’s evaluation of different extraction types on the amino acid profile. The total content of free amino acids was 4.66 μg/mg; proline prevailed (2.498 μg/mg). The total content of bound amino acids was 386.7 μg/mg; proline (146.8 μg/mg), arginine (67.8 μg/mg), phenylalanine (25.8 μg/mg), asparagine (24.3 μg/mg), histidine (20.4 μg/mg), alanine (18.2 μg/mg), serine (16.6 μg/mg), valine (16.0 μg/mg) were the dominant amino acids. Nine amino acids were classified as essential.

scholarly journals Berries and Leaves of Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.: A Source of Phenolic Compounds

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Paulina Štreimikytė ◽  
Mindaugas Liaudanskas ◽  
Vaidotas Žvikas ◽  
Pranas Viškelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Berries of Actinidia kolomikta (A. kolomikta) are known for high ascorbic acid content, but the diversity of phenolic compounds has been little studied. The present research aimed to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in berries and leaves of twelve A. kolomikta cultivars. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique was used to determine differences among cultivars in the quantitative composition of individual phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH• free radical scavenging and CUPRAC methods. In the present study, 13 phenolic compounds were detected in berries, whereas leaves contained 17 phenolic compounds. Flavonols were the primary class found in both berries and leaves; other identified phenolic compounds were flavan-3-ols, flavones and, phenolic acids; and dihydrochalcone phloridzin was identified in the leaves. The amount and variety of phenolic compounds in berries and leaves and antioxidant activity were found to be cultivar-dependent. The highest total content of phenolic compounds was found in the leaves of the cultivar ‘Aromatnaja’ and in the berries of the cultivar ‘VIR-2’. Results of this study have confirmed that berries and leaves of A. kolomikta could be a valuable raw material for both food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals HPLC study of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa raw material

Pharmacia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Dhurgham Khalid Abed Sarray ◽  
Liliia M. Horiacha ◽  
Iryna O. Zhuravel ◽  
Andrii I. Fedosov
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Hplc Study

Mirabilis jalapa is a popular decorative plant valued for its beautiful multicolored flowers. Folk medicine in various countries applies Mirabilis jalapa as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, spasmolytic drug. Chemical composition of different types of Mirabilis jalapa has not yet been adequately studied which is an obstacle for its application in medicine. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds were studied by the HPLC method. The performed experiment revealed presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and coumarins in tested herb. The content of phenolic compounds was the highest in Mirabilis jalapa flowers, counting as much as 2977.41 ± 59.55 µg/mg. Total content of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa herb was 304.25 ± 6.08 µg/mg, in fruits – 67.92 ± 1.36 µg/mg, and in roots – 12.44 ± 0.25 µg/mg. Quantitatively neochlorogenic acid dominated in flowers, chlorogenic acid in fruits, whereas Mirabilis jalapa herb mostly contained rutin and hyperoside. The obtained results will be useful in the development of quality control methods for Mirabilis jalapa herb and manufacture of drug preparations on its basis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Cleaned Bovine Tendon in a Heterotopic Implantation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Maksim Gurin ◽  
◽  
Aleksey Venediktov ◽  
Yuliya Glumskova ◽  
Kristina Korneeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Ligament Prosthesis ◽  
Implantation Model

Damage to the tendon-ligamentous apparatus places serious limitations on a personʼs physical activity. Injuries are especially common in physically healthy people leading an active lifestyle, such as athletes. To treat such injuries in orthopaedics and traumatology, autoplastic operations are performed or prostheses made of synthetic or biological materials are installed. The known treatment methods, in spite of their effectiveness, have a number of serious drawbacks, which often limit their use. Therefore, the search for new approaches and materials for plastic ligaments is an urgent task. Today, biotissue prostheses are accumulating advantages over their synthetic counterparts. The most promising raw material for biological ligament prostheses, due to its availability in the required quantity and optimal size, is the flexor and extensor calf tendons. This paper aimed to develop a method for treating xenogenic tendon to manufacture ligament prostheses and assessing its biocompatibility in a heterotopic implantation model. To manufacture a ligament prosthesis, the raw material was subjected to mechanical cleaning and chemical-physical treatment, as well as treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with the addition of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80, which together contributed to effective decellularization and removal of other biologically active components, while maintaining the physical and mechanical parameters and natural fiberarchitectonics of native raw materials. The biocompatible properties of ligament prosthesis specimens made from the flexor and extensor calf tendons using this method were evaluated in a model of heterotopic implantation into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats. The results obtained confirm the promising use of this material, treated according to the proposed method, in clinical practice.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Asari Radix et Rhizoma and Dried Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Zhuang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Renhua Miao ◽  
Shoudong Ni ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction:: Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) and dried ginger (Zingiber officinalis) (DG) are often used together in drug preparations in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat respiratory diseases including cold, bronchitis and pneumonia. Previous studies suggested that ARR and/or DG may influence the pharmacokinetics of other herbal components. In the current study, we examined pharmacokinetic interactions between ARR and DG in rats after oral administration. Methods:: We developed a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously measure serum concentrations of two active components each in ARR (L-asarinin and sesamin) and DG (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were starved overnight, then given ARR extract, DO extract, or a co-decoction of ARR and DG by gastric gavage (6 g raw material per kg body weight; n = 6 per group). Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration and at the following times (h) afterward: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 24.0. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using Student’s t test for independent samples. Results:: A simple, rapid, sensitive analytical method has been developed to detect four bioactive components simultaneously in the ARR-DG herbal pair. Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, T1/2 and AUC(0~t) were calculated using the non-compartmental model with the DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetic software. For L-asarinin, Tmax was 2.00 ± 0.00 h in ARR animals and 1.67±0.26 h in ARR-DG animals (P<0.05), T1/2 was 8.58 ± 1.75 h in ARR and 11.93 ± 2.13 h in ARR-DG (P<0.05). For 6-gingerol, Cmax was 350.48 ± 23.85 ng/mL in DG animals and 300.21 ± 20.02 ng/mL in ARR-DG (P<0.01), Tmax was 2.83 ± 0.41 h in DG and 2.17 ± 0.41 h in ARR-DG (P<0.05) and AUC(0~t) was 1.93 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR and 1.70 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR-DG (P<0.05). For 6-shogaol, Cmax was 390.28 ± 26.02 ng/mL in DG animals and 455.63 ± 31.01 ng/mL in ARR-DG (P<0.01), Tmax was 2.93 ± 0.10 h in DG and 1.92 ± 0.10 h in ARR-DG (P<0.01), T1/2 was 3.74 ± 0.29 h in DG and 3.28 ± 0.22 h in ARR-DG (P<0.01), and AUC(0~t) was 2.15 ± 0.18 mg/mL•h in DG and 2.73 ± 0.15 mg/mL•h in ARR-DG (P<0.01). Conclusions:: Pharmacokinetic interations between ARR and DG decrease Tmax, increase T1/2 but do not affect overall bioavailability of L-asarinin in ARR. The interactions in ARR-DG decrease Cmax and Tmax but increase T1/2 and AUC(0~t) of 6-gingerol in DG. The interactions increase Cmax and AUC(0~t) but decrease Tmax and T1/2 of 6- shogaol in DG. Interactions in ARR-DG do not affect the pharmacokinetics of sesamin.

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