scholarly journals Operational characteristics of a machine-tractor unit for direct sowing of barley using the JD LINK telematics system

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
G. Tihanov ◽  
G. Hristova
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Irregular Shape ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Rectangular Shape ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Telematics System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract. A study has been conducted for some operational indicators of a machine-tractor unit (MTU) for direct sowing of barley. The data for this study has been collected and retrieved by using the JD Link telematics system from two different fields sown with barley: field A with irregular shape and area of 13.75 ha and field B with rectangular shape and area of 16.26 ha. It was found that for both fields the values for the most monitored parameters were very close as follows: for the engine speed of the sowing unit during working stroke – 1553.65 min-1 (A) and 1586.11 min-1 (B) (the difference is <2.08%); for the idle mode of the sowing unit – 900.08 min-1 (A) and 905.63 min-1 (B) (the difference is <0.62%); for the actual working speed – 9.97 km/h (А) and 10.16 km/h (В) (the difference is <1.9%), registered when the MTU is performing the technological operation “sowing”; those parameters of MTU are nor influenced by the field size and shape. Larger differences in values between the two fields were established in terms of the relative share of engine used – 19.98% (A) and 21.55% (B) (the difference is <7.3%) and for the consumed diesel fuel (in field А it was 7.2% liters higher than in field В, respectively, 11.7% higher referring to the average diesel fuel consumption – liters per hour). The actual hourly productivity in field A was 20% lower than in field B – 3.05 vs 3.81, which is due to the fact that in the field with irregular shape – A the sowing unit made more turns at the end of the levels than in the field with rectangular shape – B.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption of a machine-tractor unit in direct sowing of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
G. Tihanov ◽  
N. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Telematics System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract. A study has been conducted on the fuel consumption in direct sowing of wheat with a Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to a John Deere 7250 R tractor. The experimental field (29.53 ha) was sown with winter soft wheat (Silverio variety) at a sowing rate of 195 kg/ha. The data from the sowing unit were collected using the JD Link telematics system, downloaded from the system and imported and compiled in a database. Fuel consumption was analyzed in accordance with the operation mode, the idle mode and the transportion mode of the machine-tractor unit. It was found that the average fuel consumption in work mode (when the seeder was sowing) was 23.08 l/h, while in transportion mode the seeding unit consumed 16.55 l/h and while the unit was idling it consumed 4.30 l/h. The results also show that the seeding unit has travelled 63 km and consumed 185 L of diesel fuel at an average diesel consumption of 23.08 l/h.

scholarly journals Operational characteristics of direct sowing machine-tractor unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
G. Tihanov
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Idle State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Relative Share ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract. A study on some operational characteristics of a direct sowing machine-tractor unit has been carried out in wheat sowing. It is performed by Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to John Deere 7250 R tractor. It was found that 91% of the area is sown at sowing rate of 195 kg seed/ha. The remaining 9% are sown either at lower or higher rate. Engine rotations of the seed unit have been established at work mode, i.e. when the seeder is sowing, these are 1594.81 min-1, in idle state the rotations are 912.08 min-1, and in transportation mode are 1860.36 min-1. The relative share of engine use has also been determined: when the seeder is sowing, it is 56.68%, when the seeder unit is in idle mode, it is 14.54% and when the unit is in transportation mode – 28.78%, respectively. The actual operation speed of the seeder unit when sowing wheat was 10.40 km/h and the real hourly productivity – 3.7 ha/h.

scholarly journals The Search of Spatial Functions of Pressure in Adjustable Hydrostaticradial Bearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Fedorynenko ◽  
Sergiy Boyko ◽  
Serhii Sapon
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Tangential Direction ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Radial Bearing ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Method

Abstract The analysis of spatial functions of pressure considering the geometrical deviations and the elastic deformation of conjugate surace have been considered. The analysis of spatial functions of pressure is performed by the finite element method. The difference of the size of pressure in a tangential direction of a pocket of a support under various service conditions has been investigated. A recommendation for improving of operational characteristics in regulated hydrostatic radial bearing has been developed.

Inspection and Determination of a Vehicle Arson Case According to Diesel Fuel and Gasoline

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 751-755
Author(s):  
Li Li Yu ◽  
Shu Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Combustion Residue ◽  
Material Evidence

From a vehicle arson case, it briefly introduced the basic situation and investigation of fire, particularly discussed the inspection process of samples, even compared some main components with suspected criminal tool at length. The results showed that it was deteced gasoline composition in extracted material evidence of vehicle combustion residue,but the vehicle were diesel fuel car. Then it analysed in detail the difference of gasoline, diesel oil and mixture of gasoline and diesel oil on composition. Their composition characteristics were both have aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dimethylbenzene series, trimethylbenzene series, tetramethylbenzeneseries, methylindane, naphthalene series, But alkane composition and distribution was not the same, as diesel contained C11-C20 linear paraffin and branched paraffin which obviously normal distribution, even the content of alkanes was significantly higher than aromatic hydrocarbon.but gasoline was different , not only the alkane characteristics is not obvious, but also aromatic hydrocarbons high content; While the content of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbon were similar in mixture. By comparing the plastic drum left on scene with inspected samples, their gasoline characteristics were the same, Thus we can determine the plastic drum was criminal tool of setting fire, it could provide powerful evidence to solve cases for fire investigators and criminal investigators.

Diesel engine performance at the intake of the hydrogen&air mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
The Difference

The prospects of using hydrogen as a motor fuel are noted. The problems that arise when converting a diesel engine to run on hydrogen are considered. The features of the organization of the working process of enginesrunning on hydrogen are analyzed. A method of supplying a hydrogenair mixture to a diesel engine is investigated. To supply hydrogen to the engine cylinders, it is proposed to use the Leader4M installation developed by TechnoHill Club LLC (Moscow). Experimental studies of a stationary diesel engine of the D245.12 S type with the supply of hydrogen at the inlet obtained at this installation are carried out. At the maximum power mode, the supply of hydrogen from this installation to the inlet of the diesel engine under study was 0.9 % by weight (taking into account the difference in the calorific value of oil diesel fuel and hydrogen). Such a supply of hydrogen in the specified mode made it possible to increase the fuel efficiency of the diesel engine and reduce the smoke content of exhaust gases, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Keywords internal combustion engines; diesel engine; diesel fuel; hydrogen; hydrogenair mixture; fuel efficiency; exhaust gas toxicity indicators

Khảo sát một số đặc tính bức xạ của buồng ion hóa CC13 và diode bán dẫn razor đối với các chùm photon kích thước nhỏ trên máy gia tốc tuyến tính xạ trị Clinac IX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Vu Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Field ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Photon Beams ◽  
Silicon Diode ◽  
Depth Dose ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Compare percent depth dose (PDD) and off-center ratio (OCR) measured by the CC13 ionization chamber and the RAZOR silicon diode in small photon beams. Method and Materials: Some dosimetric characteristics, such as PDD, OCR, penumbra and radiation field size, were considered in this study for 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 cm2 field sizes. We used the CC13 ionization chamber and the RAZOR silicon diode to measure dose distribution with depth along the axis and off-center of the beam. From the results obtained, the team investigated the differences in radiation parameters measured by the two types of probes above. Results: There are significant differences in the radiation parameters investigated for the CC13 ionization chamber and the RAZOR silicon diode, especially the width of penumbra. For PDD curves, the difference is less than 5% from dmax to 30 cm, however the difference becomes greater in the build-up region, which reaches to 33% at the water phatom surface. The width of penumbra measured by CC13 is always larger than that of RAZOR, the ratio of the penumbra width between two detectors is 1.8 and 1.3 for energies of 6 MV and 15 MV, respectively. Conclusion: The RAZOR silicon diode has better dose response than the CC13 ionization chamber for measuring the PDD and the OCR in small photon beams.

Visual response properties of neurons in four extrastriate visual areas of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus): a quantitative comparison of medial, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and middle temporal areas

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Baker ◽  
S. E. Petersen ◽  
W. T. Newsome ◽  
J. M. Allman
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Optimal Direction ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Owl Monkeys ◽  
The Difference

1. The response properties of 354 single neurons in the medial (M), dorsomedial (DM), dorsolateral (DL), and middle temporal (MT) visual areas were studied quantitatively with bar, spot, and random-dot stimuli in chronically implanted owl monkeys with fixed gaze. 2. A directionality index was computed to compare the responses to stimuli in the optimal direction with the responses to the opposing direction of movement. The greater the difference between opposing directions, the higher the index. MT cells had much higher direction indices to moving bars than cells in DL, DM, and M. 3. A tuning index was computed for each cell to compare the responses to bars moving in the optimal direction, or flashed in the optimal orientation, with the responses in other directions or orientations within +/- 90 degrees. Cells in all four areas were more sharply tuned to the orientation of stationary flashed bars than to moving bars, although a few cells (9/92( were unresponsive in the absence of movement. DM cells tended to be more sharply tuned to moving bars than cells in the other areas. 4. Directionality in DM, DL, and MT was relatively unaffected by the use of single-spot stimuli instead of bars; tuning in all four areas was broader to spots than bars. 5. Moving arrays of randomly spaced spots were more strongly excitatory than bar stimuli for many neurons in MT (16/31 cells). These random-dot stimuli were also effective in M, but evoked no response or weak responses from most cells in DM and DL. 6. The best velocities of movement were usually in the range of 10-100 degrees/s, although a few cells (22/227), primarily in MT (14/69 cells), preferred higher velocities. 7. Receptive fields of neurons in all four areas were much larger than striate receptive fields. Eccentricity was positively correlated with receptive-field size (r = 0.62), but was not correlated with directionality index, tuning index, or best velocity. 8. The results support the hypothesis that there are specializations of function among the cortical visual areas.

COMBUSTION AND EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH N-BUTANOL BLENDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Yusri ◽  
M. K. Akasyah ◽  
R. Mamat ◽  
O. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Blended Fuels

The use of biomass based renewable fuel, n-butanol blends for compression ignition (CI) engine has attracted wide attention due to its superior properties such as better miscibility, higher energy content, and cetane number as compared to other alternatives fuel. In this present study the use of n-butanol 10% blends (Bu10) with diesel fuel has been tested using multi-cylinder, 4-stroke engine with common rail direct injection system to investigate the combustion and emissions of the blended fuels. Based on the tested engine at BMEP=3.5Bar. Based on the results Bu10 fuel indicates lower first and second peak pressure by 5.4% and 2.4% for engine speed 1000rpm and 4.4% and 2.1% for engine speed 2500rpm compared to diesel fuel respectively. Percentage reduction relative to diesel fuel at engine speeds 1000rpm and 2500rpm for Bu10: Exhaust temperature was 7.5% and 5.2% respectively; Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 73.4% and 11.3% respectively.

scholarly journals Analisa Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel Gas Dengan Menggunakan Bahan Bakar LNG Dan Minyak Solar Di PT Indonesia Power Unit Pembangkitan Bali

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
K G Trisna Upadana Putra ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma ◽  
Made Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Performance Equation

Permintaan energi listrik mengalami peningkatan, seiring peningkatan pertumbuhan populasi penduduk dan banyaknya industri. Tingginya permintaan energi listrik menjadi sebuah tantangan untuk produsen listrik, dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan akan energi listrik. Produsen listrik terbesar di Bali adalah PT. Indonesia Power UP Bali. Pembangkit yang dimiliki yaitu PLTDG dengan kapasitas produksi listrik 200 MW dioperasikan menggunakan bahan bakar gas LNG dan minyak solar (HSD/LFO). Dikarenakan penggunaan minyak solar dibatasi, maka PLTDG dioperasikan dengan gas LNG. Perbedaan bahan bakar yang digunakan mempengaruhi unjuk kerja dari pembangkit. Analisa unjuk kerja memberi gambaran dalam sisi keteknikan dan analisa BPP pembangkitan memberi gambaran dalam sisi keekonomian. Penelitaian ini dilakukan dengan cara perhitungan menggunakan persamaan-persamaan unjuk kerja mesin diesel, kemudian dibandingkan unjuk kerja PLTDG menggunakan bahan bakar LNG dan minyak solar dan dianalisa secara keekonomian. Hasil yang didapat yaitu unjuk kerja PLTDG menggunakan minyak solar lebih besar tetapi dari sisi keekonomian hasil BPP PLTDG menggunakan gas LNG lebih ekonomis. Demand for electric energy has increased, as population growth increases and the number of industries. The high demand for electrical energy becomes a challenge for electricity producers, in meeting the needs of customers for electrical energy. The largest power producer in Bali is PT. Indonesia Power UP Bali. The power plant owned by PLTDG with 200 MW electricity production capacity is operated using LNG gas and diesel fuel (HSD/LFO). Due to the use of diesel fuel is limited, the PLTDG is operated with LNG gas. The difference in fuel used affects the performance of the plant. Performance analysis gives an overview in terms of engineering and BPP analysis provides an overview of the economy side. This research is done by calculation using diesel engine performance equation, and then compared the performance of PLTDG using LNG and diesel fuel and analyzed economically. The results obtained are the performance of diesel powered PLTDG larger but in terms of economics of BPP PLTDG results using LNG gas is more economical.

Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Fuelling a Diesel Engine with Liquefied Petroleum Gases

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Cristian Nutu ◽  
Constantin Pana ◽  
Alexandru Dobre ◽  
Niculae Negurescu ◽  
Alexandru Cernat
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The severe legislation regarding pollution from actual time determine us to find new alternative solutions for diesel engine fuelling. This paper objective is the use of LPG as alternative fuel at a diesel engine in the purpose of pollutant emissions level decreasing in general and especially of NOx and smoke emissions. Is difficult to use LPG as single fuel at the diesel engine because it has an high auto ignition endurance (CN = -3). There are many fuelling methods of the diesel engine with LPG, but the authors of this paper used the diesel-gas method for a 1,5 l engine fuelling. The research followed the establishment of the optimal LPG cyclic dose and the diesel engine adjustments for different engine operating regimen. The paper presents results of some theoretical and experimental investigations of the LPG fuelled diesel engine. Three substitute ratios of diesel fuel with LPG were taken into account for full load and 2000 rpm engine speed. Thus, the NOx emissions decreased with 20-28 % for different substitute ratios of diesel fuel with LPG. The smoke emission decreased with 35-47% for same substitute ratios. LPG fuelling represents a very good solution for a cleaner environment.

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