Identification of Artificial Recharge Sites for Nand Samand Catchment

Security of groundwater is widely regarded as a serious impediment to India's economic and social progress. According to the Central Ground Water Board's (CGWB) assessment, India's groundwater tables are plummeting at an alarming rate, with reserves in some regions reaching critical levels. Unregulated groundwater use in southern peninsular India has also resulted in excessive extraction, lowering the 'critical' threshold. With over 30 million groundwater structures in use, India is on the verge of a disaster of over-extraction that will leave 60% of all aquifers in critical condition within the next two decades. To resolve the issue, a variety of renewable groundwater solutions must be implemented. Artificial recharge is a procedure that augments groundwater at a pace that is significantly greater than the rate of replenishment under natural conditions, which may give a solution. The current study is for the Nand Samand catchment in the district of Rajasthan. The investigation of artificial groundwater recharge sites is being conducted using an integrated Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. Thematic maps such as topographic elevation, post-mosoon groundwater level, recharge, slope, transmissivity and soils map are created, and weighted overlay analysis is used to identify areas suitable for artificial recharge. Keywords: Nand Samand catchment, artificial recharge zone, thematic map, remote sensing, GIS

PEMANFAATAN BANGUNAN PUBLIK SEBAGAI TITIK KUMPUL BENCANA GEMPA DALAM UPAYA PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA DI KELURAHAN LAKARSANTRI, SURABAYA

<p><em>Kelurahan Lakarsantri merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan risiko dan kerentanan sedang saat terjadi gempa bumi karena kedekatan dengan patahan Surabaya yang masih aktif. Sebagai langkah mitigasi penentuan titik kumpul sementara diperlukan untuk meminimalisisr dampak pada saat bencana. Bangunan publik dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif dlaam menjadi titik kumpul sementara. Dari hasil weighted overlay yang dilakukan, mendapatkan hasil bahwa bangunan publik yang dapat digunakan sebagai titik kumpul sementara di Kelurahan Lakarsantri adalah Posko Dinas Kebakaran Kota Surabaya, Kantor Kecamatan Lakarsantri, Kantor Kelurahan Lakarsantri, SD Negeri Lakarsantri 3 dan Masjid At-Taufiq.</em></p>

SOLVING SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND VALUING TOURISTIC POTENTIAL USING GIS-BASED TECHNOLOGY STUDY CASE: BIOUGRA CITY, MOROCCO

In the last 2 decades, Morocco has known rapid growth of urban transformation followed by significant Population growth, which causes serious environmental problems related to water pollution and scarcity, and social with the deficiencies of infrastructures. And this has been witnessed in the city of Biougra which requires taking serious steps and adopting new projects to solve these issues as soon as possible. And as a reflection of that, this paper takes advantage of Geographic information system (GIS) coupled tools in the first place to locate future sites for building new schools using weighted overlay analysis approach, to improve the education system. And in the second place to choose potential sites for implementing new wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by adopting multicriteria analysis (MCA). Finally, as a part of saving cultural heritage, and improving the social and economic situation for local citizens, we aim to value cooperative of this region as a replacement of poor touristic quality in the city, by making a track of the existing cooperative and profit from 3d modeling as a part of providing the traveler the best possible guide to reach these points of interest and also develop a desktop application for editing and manipulating different types of file related to cooperatives. This study showed successful results by localizing a new site to build a school in the northeastern of the city, and a match between the found site for WWTP and the existing station but with giving a possibility for expansion.

Pemetaan Kerentanan Tsunami untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Wilayah Pesisir

Tsunami merupakan bencana yang jarang terjadi namun cukup memberikan kerusakan yang parah terhadap daerah pesisir yang terkena dampaknya. Banyaknya korban jiwa dan juga harta benda disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesiapan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami, sehingga perlu adanya studi tentang ketahanan wilayah pesisir dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami. Langkah awal untuk membangun ketahanan bencana tsunami adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik ancaman, kerentanan dan resiko bencana tsunami. Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) digunakan dalam memetakan kerentanan suatu daerah terhadap bencana tsunami, dengan parameter kerentanan antara lain kemiringan lahan, tingkat elevasi daratan, penggunaan lahan dan jarak dari garis pantai, dan diolah dengan metode Weighted Overlay Analysist. Hasil dari identifikasi variabel kerentanan tsunami menunjukkan bahwa nilai kemiringan lahan antara 2- 6% tergolong rentan, elevasi daratan antara 5 – 10 meter tergolong rentan, penggunaan lahan yang didominasi pertanian tergolong rentan, dan jarak dari garis pantai yang memiliki kerentanan sangat besar apabila semakin dekat dengan pantai. Hasil pengolahan data dengan Weighted Overlay Analysist dari beberapa parameter kerentanan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar daerah di Kabupaten Cilacap memiliki kerentanan tsunami dalam kategori Cukup Rentan hingga Rentan, sehingga perlu adanya tindakan penyadaran masyarakat akan bahaya tsunami, penetapan jalur evakuasi tsunami, serta upaya relokasi, adaptasi, dan proteksi di wilayah pesisir.

Pemanfaatan Informasi Spasial Berbasis SIG untuk Pemetaan Tingkat Kerawanan Longsor di Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali

Tanah longsor yaitu gerakan tanah berkaitan langsung dengan berbagai sifat fisik alami. Metode weighted overlay yang menggunakan data raster yang memiliki satuan terkecil berupa pixel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk memetakan kawasan rawan longsor untuk wilayah yang relatif luas. Pemetaan zonasi area rawan longsor di Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali didasarkan dari perhitungan bobot dan scoring tiap parameter longsor yang meliputi kondisi geologi, jenis batuan, curah hujan, tingkat kelerengan, struktur geologi, infrastruktur serta tutupan lahan hasil olahan citra satelit serta dilanjutkan dengan operasi spasial dari parameter tersebut. Dari hasil pengolahan yang didapat Kabupaten Karangasem Bali tidak memiliki daerah dengan tingkat rawan longsor yang tinggi, adapun daerah yang ditandai Warna Biru menunjukkan kemungkinan rawan longsor sedang yang terdapat pada kecamatan Kubu, Rendang, Selat, Bebandem, Abang dan Karangasem. Secara geologi, daerah dengan tingkat rawan longsor yang sedang terdapat gunungapi aktif sehingga tingkat kemiringan lerengnya cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 25-62%. Pada kecamatan Kubu, Abang, Karangasem, Sidemen, Selat, Bebandem dan Rendang yang ditandai dengan Warna Hitam memiliki kemungkinan rawan longsor dengan nilai rendah yaitu sebesar <15%.

PRIORITIZATION OF FOREST FIRE HAZARD RISK SIMULATION USING HYBRID GREY RELATIVITY ANALYSIS (HGRA) AND FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (FAHP) COUPLED WITH MULTICRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS (MCDA) TECHNIQUES – A COMPARATIVE STUDY ANALYSIS

Forests are important dynamic systems which are widely attracted by wild fires worldwide. Due to the complexity and non-linearity of the causative forest fire problems, employing sophisticated hybrid evolutionary algorithms is a logical task to achieve a reliable approximation of this environmental threats. This estimate will provide the outline of priority areas for preventing activities and allocation of fire fighters’ stations, seeking to minimize possible damages caused by fires. This study aims at prioritizing the forest fire risk of Wassa West district of Ghana. The study considered static causative factors such as Land use and land cover (which include forest, built-ups and settlement areas), slope, aspect, linear features (water bodies and roads) and dynamic causative factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and temperature were used. The methods employed include a Hybrid Grey Relativity Analysis (HGRA) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) techniques. The fuzzy sets integrated with AHP in a decision-making algorithm using geographic information system (GIS) was used to model the fire risk in the study area. FAHP and HGRA methods were used for estimating the importance (weights) of the effective factors in forest fire modelling. Based on their modelling methods, the expert ideas were used to express the relative importance and priority of the major criteria and sub-criteria in forest fire risk in the study area. The expert ideas were analyzed based on FAHP and HGRA. The major criteria models and fire risk model were presented based on these FAHP and HGRA weights. On the other hand, the spatial data of the sub criteria were provided and assembled in GIS environment to obtain the sub-criteria maps. Each sub-criterion map was converted to raster format and it was reclassified based on risks of its classes to fire occurrence. The maps of each major criterion were obtained by weighted overlay of its sub criteria maps considering to major criterion model in GIS environment. Finally, the map of fire risk was obtained by weighted overlay of major criteria maps considering to fire risk model in GIS. The results showed that the FAHP model showed superiority than HGRA in prioritizing forest fire risk of the study area in terms of statistical analysis with a standard deviation of 0.09277 m as compared to 0.1122 m respectively. The obtained fire risk map can be used as a decision support system for predicting of the future trends in the study area. The optimized structures of the proposed models could serve as a good alternative to traditional forest predictive models, and this can be a promisingly testament used for future planning and decision making in the proposed areas.

Exploration of groundwater potential zones using analytical hierarchical process (AHP) approach in the Godavari river basin of Maharashtra in India

Total natural and groundwater resources play the most crucial role in developing ecological, biological and socioeconomic doings. Various parameters like land use, geology, elevation, slope, lineament, lineament density, drainage density and geomorphology affect the groundwater development of recharge and its accessibility. In this research, geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing, weighted overlay analysis and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods have been used for groundwater prospects mapping, and identifying suitable solutions site for soil and water conservation structures. To calculate the weights were assigned to every layers component in the determination of affecting factors. The weighted overlay analysis (WOA) tool is applied to give the sub-parameter ratings based on the scientific literature. The final map of potential groundwater zone map has prepared using Arc GIS 10.1 software and AHP methods. About 49.71% of the areas fall under the 'good potential zone, 41.05% falls under the 'moderate potential zone', and 9.22% falls under the 'poor zone by using AHP technique. Groundwater potential zone map is depend on the weighted overlay analysis and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods. The highest GWP is located in the lower part of the basin due to the best surface runoff gathering, infiltration situations and subsurface storage volume. The present study procedure, methods and outcomes can be valuable to estimate the suitable groundwater zones parallel to improve the dry land area in the semi-arid and arid regions of India.

Closed Canopies Crowd Out Bats: Planning Artificial Gap Creation

Managed even-aged forest stands often lack small to medium-sized canopy gaps that help to increase habitat diversity and, in turn, wildlife diversity. A large body of literature suggests that this habitat diversity is especially important for bat communities and that bat activity and diversity can be depressed in closed canopy, even-aged stands. Open- and edge-adapted bats have evolved specific wing morphologies and echolocation call structures that make them reliant upon forest gaps as energy efficient foraging grounds in otherwise structurally cluttered forests. Artificial gap creation projects that increase habitat diversity have been implemented to benefit ungulates, and a similar approach could also be applied to support foraging activity of bats in even-aged forests that lack dynamic natural disturbances. However, little consideration has been given to the use of gaps by bats and no comprehensive approach for artificial gap creation for the benefit of bats has been proposed. In response to this lack of guidance for forest managers in the Pacific Northwest region, this document provides a focused review of existing literature regarding bats and gaps. This information was used to create specific management recommendations regarding physical characteristics of gaps and their spatial context on the landscape. To identify ideal locations for gap creation on the ground according to these recommendations, a weighted overlay method is suggested. This document has been written for the use of forest managers throughout the entire Pacific Northwest region. However, the Siuslaw National Forest (NF), a Late-Successional Reserve on the coast of Oregon, was used as a specific case study to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be applied to a specific management unit. The document is broken into the four following chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the Siuslaw NF and briefly describes the forest’s bat community, major vegetation zones, forest succession, disturbance regime, and management. Using previous research from the region as a guide, Chapter 2 provides background information regarding bat biology and ecology and it details the importance of gaps, forest edges, and interior stands as habitat for forest-dwelling bats. Different types of forest gaps common to the Pacific Northwest are discussed including both artificially created and naturally occurring gaps. Chapter 3, again guided by review of existing literature, highlights important gap parameters including physical characteristics and spatial context to promote bat activity as well as provides specific gap management recommendations. Chapter 4 provides an example of how to input management recommendations into a Geographic Information System (GIS) to pinpoint ideal locations for gap creation within a management unit. A weighted overlay analysis, a common GIS tool, was conducted in the Siuslaw NF following the management guidelines, and resulting maps are discussed. The ultimate goal of this document is to provide forest managers in the Pacific Northwest region with the knowledge and planning tools necessary to promote foraging activity of specialized open- and edge-adapted species. While other management units may have different or additional managerial constraints than those of the Siuslaw NF, thIS proposed approach can be easily adapted to meet the varied needs of different forests. By following this approach, forest managers can provide the habitat diversity and complexity necessary to promote high levels of bat activity and diversity within even-aged, closed canopy forests.

Multicriteria potential mapping for Mangrove ecotourism in Batu Ampar, West Kalimantan

Mangrove ecosystems provide a wide variety of vital ecological and economic ecosystem services to coastal communities, including ecotourism. Batu Ampar, where one of the most extensive mangrove forests lies, is encouraged to develop mangrove ecotourism. This study aims to determine the priority for ecotourism development in Batu Ampar districts by using the potential map based on the multiple aspects from tourism, environment, legal, and landscape value. This research’s multicriteria use includes Natural Tourism Attraction, Mangrove Tourism Suitability, Biophysics Vulnerability, Landscape Values, and Spatial Policy, and weighted overlay based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) score. The results indicate that by using multicriteria for the mangrove ecotourism potential, 18% is the high potential area, 30% is moderate potential, 22.6%, and the rest are not potential. The high potential area should become the priority of ecotourism development in Batu Ampar, situated in five villages: Batu Ampar, Telok Nibong, Nipah Panjang, Tanjung Harapan, and Sungai Kerawang.

GIS-based land suitability analysis for potential urban development sites in Diffun, Quirino, Philippines

As the world moves towards urbanization, the demand for land for urban land use increases. If left unmanaged, this might result in the wastage of land that could have been used for more productive purposes, such as agriculture. Other developments can also pose risks to the environment and to those who inhabit it. Therefore, land suitability analyses must be carried out before proceeding to urban planning. This study produced an urban suitability analysis of the municipality of Diffun in Quirino Province as a basis for future urban planning. Conducting this analysis will be very timely, considering that the revision of the municipality’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) will start in 2021. In this study, two methods of doing the analysis were integrated: Boolean overlay and weighted overlay. Using the gathered spatial data, a total of 18 factors and restrictions were produced for the analysis. Restriction layers used in the Boolean overlay method include existing built-up areas, erosion risk, flooding susceptibility, protected agricultural lands, other protected lands, Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL), slope, waterway buffers, and ecotourism site buffers. Meanwhile, the weighted overlay analysis used the following factors: elevation, land-use type, distance to ecotourism sites, distance to local roads, distance to national and provincial roads, proximity to the downtown, distance to protected agricultural lands, distance to waterways, and slope. The weights of the factors were calculated using a pairwise matrix. The study concluded that only 0.32% of the total land area of the municipality is most suitable for urban land-use, while 87.36% is considered not suitable for the development of built-up areas.