A Hybrid-Driven Optimization Framework for Fixed-Wing UAV Maneuvering Flight Planning

Performing autonomous maneuvering flight planning and optimization remains a challenge for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially for fixed-wing UAVs due to its high maneuverability and model complexity. A novel hybrid-driven fixed-wing UAV maneuver optimization framework, inspired by apprenticeship learning and nonlinear programing approaches, is proposed in this paper. The work consists of two main aspects: (1) Identifying the model parameters for a certain fixed-wing UAV based on the demonstrated flight data performed by human pilot. Then, the features of the maneuvers can be described by the positional/attitude/compound key-frames. Eventually, each of the maneuvers can be decomposed into several motion primitives. (2) Formulating the maneuver planning issue into a minimum-time optimization problem, a novel nonlinear programming algorithm was developed, which was unnecessary to determine the exact time for the UAV to pass by the key-frames. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in several scenarios, as both the preservation of geometric features and the minimization of maneuver times were ensured.

THE APPRENTICESHIP IN CRAFT GUILDS IN PREINDUSTRIAL EUROPE: A MODEL FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN THE EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION AREA

This work aims to carry out a comparative study between the apprenticeship system in the craft guilds in preindustrial Europe and the educational methods used in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), with the aim of highlighting the role, within the field of engineering education in the EHEA, of the practice-driven approach (learning by doing), which yielded excellent results during centuries to craft guilds, since their institutionalized apprenticeship system was one of the reasons for their long-term survival. The transmission of technical skills and associated innovation were effectively supported by craft guilds but not as a main objective and even, sometimes, as a cause of undesired effects (formation of future competitors, revelation of secrets or shift of control over the production process from the owners of skills to the owners of capital. It has been demonstrated that both the organizational modalities or scenarios and the educational methods of the EHEA (except the binomial scenario-method formed by the theoretical class and the master lecture) used in engineering education, have a clear precedent in the preindustrial craft guilds, which emphasize the learning process instead of the teaching process and established, several centuries in advance and without intending to, a model for the EHEA. Keywords: Craft guilds; Apprenticeship; Learning by doing; Engineering education; EEES

ANALYZE THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF STUDENT INTERNSHIPS DEPARTMENT OF RADIODIAGNOSTIC AND RADIOTHERAPY, HEALTH POLYTECHNIC OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH JAKARTA II

Higher education is responsible for producing graduates who are globally competitive with hard skills and soft skills, one of which is by doing internships, therefore it is necessary to analyze the learning objectives of student internships at the Department of Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Jakarta II to maintain the quality of graduates according to the Indonesian National Qualification Framework. Data collection was carried out on students who were doing their 1st internship in 7 hospitals in the DKI Jakarta area. The data used by giving students pre and post-tests on the understanding of apprenticeship learning, then surveying the number of radiographic examinations that have been carried out by students by the understanding of apprenticeship learning at the hospital. Analysis of decision making based on the understanding of the 1st apprenticeship learning if the pre and post-test percentage value> 50% and analysis of the number of radiographic examinations carried out by students as an indicator for evaluating the understanding of apprenticeship learning. and the post-test percentage value of 70.1% of students can carry out radiographic examinations, with a comparison of the post-test results there is an increase of 12.6% in the learning objectives of the apprenticeship and 31.2% in supporting data information about a clinical experience during the internship, from the pre and post-test> 50%, the understanding of apprenticeship learning has been achieved. Then in analyzing the number of radiographic examinations carried out by students as an indicator of evaluating understanding of apprenticeship learning, it is hoped that the college can evaluate the placement of student hospitals during the internship so that radiographic examinations that have not been fulfilled during the internship can be fulfilled during the following round of internships

Excessive Mentoring? An Apprenticeship Model on a Robotics Team

Participation on a robotics team affords students the opportunity to learn science and engineering skills in a competition-based environment. Mentors on these robotics teams play important roles in helping students acquire these skills. This study used an apprenticeship learning theory to examine how mentors on one high school robotics team contributed to students attaining the knowledge associated with designing and building a robot for competition. How active of a role did mentors play on their competition-based robotics team? How did mentors and students together handle the challenges they faced? The mentor-student interactions detailed in the research revealed an apprenticeship model where mentors played leadership roles reluctant to move beyond modeling tasks to students. The mentors’ roles bring into question if they were granting their students the full opportunities to develop skills associated with working on a robot. Despite these developmental concerns, the students on the team gradually took up simple tasks working side-by-side mentors, saw expert engineers model professional habits, and expressed being inspired while contributing to a winning team.

Teaching hip surgery to orthopaedic residents: what’s new?

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the published literature on the existing educational methods used to teach surgical skills, with a specific focus on hip surgery, to orthopaedic residents. Methods: A total of 31 articles were selected from a PubMed literature search on the topic of teaching surgical skills to orthopaedic residents, and 9 articles on hip surgery are included in this review. Results: Although several methods are included in the published literature to teach orthopaedic residents, only arthroscopy of the knee and shoulder joint is well described. Hip arthroscopy has a steeper learning curve and thus the use of simulation training as a complementary teaching method is even more important. Conclusions: Currently, open surgery skills for joint arthroplasty are largely acquired by apprenticeship learning. Simulation training in the form of virtual reality could contribute to better performance of residents, decreasing operation time and improving patient safety.