Die Präposition „auf” als Verkettungskomponente

The article presents the idea of examining the preposition auf ‘on’ from the generative perspective, in which the preposition is understood as an elementary unit of the mental lexicon (lexical array) without a syntactic category. The unit auf ‘on’ is treated as a phonological segment to which a corresponding syntactic category is assigned in the selected syntactic context. The syntactic processing system ensures the correct assignment through correct decoding from auf ‘on’ by concatenating various grammatical features with different functions and meanings. The article analyses the unit auf ‘on’ in terms of concatenation properties in the syntactic process of sentence generation in German.

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Rock Fracture after Grouting Reinforcement

Grouting reinforcement plays an important role in repairing fractures and improving the strength of the surrounding rock. To address practical engineering challenges such as caving and chip off-falling of surrounding rock in deep roadways, normal splitting was adopted to prefabricate fractures on rock samples gathered from underground coal mines. This was done to better match the rock fracture specimen with actual conditions. Based on the elementary unit of a fracture surface, systematic experiments were conducted on the tensile properties of rock fractures after grouting reinforcement, and the shear properties were studied after considering the presence of gas. As per the results, the tensile strength of rock fractures increased with the increase in viscosity of grout, but the overall tensile strength was relatively low. The overall tensile effect of surrounding rock was improved less by grouting approach. When the presence of fracture gas in grouting was considered, the peak shear strength of fractures after grouting was 8.34–29.9% less than that without considering the fracture gas. The cemented pore surface produced by unsaturated cementation in the grouting reinforcement was the main cause of reduction in cohesion and frictional angle of rock fractures. The conclusions of this study have great significance for guiding engineering grouting and evaluating the grouting effect.

The Effect of Conformation Order on Gas Separation Properties of Polyetherimide Ultem Films

Changes of the spectral characteristics of absorption bands depending on the films’ treatment method were registered for polyetherimide Ultem films. The possibility of selection of structural criteria (the ratio of the functional groups absorption bands intensities) showing all conformational changes in elementary unit with metrological processing of the results is shown. It is demonstrated that film formation from chloroform solution leads to elementary unit fragments, Ph–O–Ph′, which have an effect on macromolecule conformation and result in increasing of space between fragments of macromolecules (local polymer matrix packing loosening). Desorption of residual chloroform from films by ethanol or supercritical CO2 leads to a change of conformers set in Im–Ph–Im′ units. Quantum chemical modeling showed the possibility of convergence of these fragments in neighboring macromolecules, and consequently of interchain π–π interaction (local densification of chain packing of the polymer matrix). After annealing at a temperature higher than glass transition temperature, the polyetherimide film exhibits the most disordered (amorphous) state at all of the fragments. It is demonstrated that the results, obtained by the combination of theoretical and experimental vibrational spectroscopy methods, are in good agreement with data of chain packing ordering found by analysis of gas separation parameters.

Politics: Desire and Power

This chapter explicates Deleuze’s mature political philosophy through a contraposition with Foucault’s. Where Foucault sees the elementary unit of socio-political analysis as ‘power’, Deleuze argues for ‘desire’. That is not to say that Deleuze wished to supplant Foucault’s analyses; quite the contrary, for he rated them on par with those of Marx. Rather, Deleuze felt it necessary to complete and reinforce Foucault’s theory of society based on ‘power’ with the prior notion of ‘desire’, because it is only the assemblage of desire (and not the Lacanian monologic Desire) that can explain why a certain system of power is able to arise and perdure. From here it is possible to identify correctly the respective theoretical levels of Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus: the former lays the foundation for a theory of society in terms of desire, while the latter is a more ‘Foucauldian’, pragmatic analysis of the concrete workings of desire.

The Principles of Deleuzian Philosophy

What gives us the right to speak of a Deleuzian philosophy, a philosophy at first sight concerned solely with interpreting other philosophers and writers? And granted there is such an entity as ‘Deleuzian philosophy’, is this philosophy a practically and politically consequential one, as so many interpreters have hoped? This book begins from Deleuze’s method of ‘free indirect discourse’ to locate and explicate Deleuze’s philosophy. Through free indirect discourse Deleuze burrows under the texts of a thinker to attain the underlying question, which he inherits critically to expound his own philosophy of ‘transcendental empiricism’. This philosophy however was politically impotent, for its final practical conclusion was that one had to ‘wait for failure’, which is strictly impossible. This book goes on to argue that it is the self-recognition of this impasse that forced Deleuze into a veritable wager, the collaboration with Guattari. For Deleuze not only recognised the existence of this practical/political impasse, he also understood its source: the strong structuralist influence in his philosophy. And he had the intuition that in Guattari there were the germs of a way of thinking that could move beyond structuralism (more specifically its culmination in Lacanian psychoanalysis). Finally, this new Deleuzian practical philosophy is explicated through an examination of Deleuze’s ambiguous relation to Foucault: Deleuze would ultimately opt for ‘desire’, not Foucault’s ‘power’, as the elementary unit of political analysis, because it is the assemblage of desire that makes possible the specific constellation of power in a given society.

Will Dolphins Save the World? Russian Conversations about the Sacralization of the Beautiful

In the monograph, through the method of ethical questioning, a special place of open scientific thinking in the development of national culture is revealed. On the one hand, culture is conceived as a determinant of personal self-determination, which forms a person as an elementary unit and measure of a value system, on the other hand, it is an object of theoretical reflection, a complex systematic phenomenon causing social changes and the course of history. The book is written for students of social and humanitarian disciplines, scientists, philosophers and educators.В монографии посредством этического вопрошания раскрывается особое место открытого научного мышления в становлении отечественной культуры. С одной стороны, культура мыслится в качестве детерминанты личностного самоопределения, формирующей личность как элементарную единицу и мерило ценностной системы, с другой — является объектом теоретической рефлексии, сложным системным феноменом, обуславливающим социальные изменения и ход истории. Книга адресована студентам социальных и гуманитарных дисциплин, ученым, философам и педагогам.

Influence of Oligomers Based on Trifunctional Oxyphenyl on Colloid-Chemical Characteristics of Mineral Dispersions

The paper describes change patterns of colloid-chemical properties of mineral dispersions depending on the number of oxygroups in the aromatic ring of an elementary unit cell of oligomer molecules based on trifunctional oxyphenyls. It is proved that with the increase in the number of oxygroups within an elementary unit from 1 (phenol) to 3 (phloroglucine), the increase in plasticizing ability and plasticizing activity of oligomers is observed, while the plastic viscosity decreases due to the increase in water layer thickness between particles. Adsorption saturation of a surface layer with phloroglucinefurfural oligomers is achieved with smaller concentrations in the solution rather than with resocine-and phenolfurfural oligomers, which indicates the increase in binding energy of adsorbate with an adsorbent surface. The increase in repulsive forces is mainly caused by the formation of developed adsorption layers of oligomers on the surface of disperse phase particles and the increase in surface negative charge during adsorption of anion oligomers with one, two or three oxygroups within an elementary unit.