PERSONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PREMISES OF THE IGS HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT RESEARCH IN THE YEARS 1920–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 564 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Maciej Cesarski
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Housing Situation ◽  
Structural Trend ◽  
The Past ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The aim of the article is to indicate the personal and institutional reasons for IGS’s pursuit of housing and settlement issues in the period 1920–2020. The facts presented in the article prove the important role of these premises in the activities of IGS. They indicate two distinct trends in housing and settlement research, often manifested in the achievements of the same researchers. The first is the „photographic” trend based on the method of induction, deciphering the housing and settlement issue with surveys of the questionnaire and memoirs, which constitute an important element of investigations into the living conditions of selected groups of the population. The second – the „process-structural” trend that tries to look in a more deductive and reductive way, confronting the past with scientific ideas about an unrecognizable future, especially the more distant one. An example of the possibilities inherent in the processes of convergence of the „photographic” and „process-structural” trends are studies of the housing situation of seniors extended to the problems of more distant in terms of spatial availability of infrastructure elements and the settlement structure that define the inhabited space. This requires further research with the common denominator of intergenerational justice

Beyond Promoter: The Role of Macrophage in Invasion and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Haibao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Tumor Stem Cell ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment, and they are generally considered to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarized the recent researches on macrophage in the invasiveness and progression of RCC in latest years, and we also introduced and discussed many studies about macrophage in RCC to promote angiogenesis by changing tumor microenvironment and inhibit immune response in order to activate tumor progression. Moreover, macrophage interactes with various cytokines to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and it also promotes tumor stem cell formation and induces drug resistance in the progression of RCC. The highlight of this review is to make a summary of the roles of macrophage in the invasion and progression of RCC; at the same time to raise some potential and possible targets for future RCC therapy.

scholarly journals Messianism and UFO Sightings as Counterfactual Strategies of Enchantment of the World

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Piotr Urbanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
New World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Order ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
New World Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Summary In this text, I argue that there are numerous affinities between 19th century messianism and testimonies of UFO sightings, both of which I regarded as forms of secular millennialism. The common denominator for the comparison was Max Weber’s concept of “disenchantment of the world” in the wake of the Industrial Revolution which initiated the era of the dominance of rational thinking and technological progress. However, the period’s counterfactual narratives of enchantment did not repudiate technology as the source of all social and political evil—on the contrary, they variously redefined its function, imagining a possibility of a new world order. In this context, I analysed the social projects put forward by Polish Romantics in the first half of the 19th century, with emphasis on the role of technology as an agent of social change. Similarly, the imaginary technology described by UFO contactees often has a redemptive function and is supposed to bring solution to humanity’s most dangerous problems.

Container System Design Developments Over Two Decades

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 364-376
Author(s):  
L. A. Harlander
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Speed Stability ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gantry Cranes

This paper reviews the progress made over the past 20 years in the design and handling of containers. Factors influencing present container dimensions and strength criteria are discussed, as well as the crucial activity to establish container standardization. The container itself—"the common denominator"—is addressed from the viewpoint of its fittings, design loads and construction materials; and the containership from the viewpoint of arrangements, size, speed, stability, stowage and economics. The author offers several conclusions following the last two sections of the paper, which cover the remaining components of the system, namely, the shoreside gantry cranes and terminal facilities.

New Radiance in the Tricolour — Changes in French Drinking Patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Leena Warsell
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Advertising ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita

During the past fifteen years the alcohol culture in France has undergone remarkable changes. The French, for whom a meal without wine is no meal, have decreased their alcohol consumption from about 20 to 11.9 liters (absolute alcohol per capita). This has been a trend in all age groups, although most markedly among those under thirty-five. The common denominator has been “less, but better”, which means quality wines and imported spirits. The effect of this “drying” can be seen in the health statistics, which show, for example, that the frequency of cirrhosis has decreased by one-half, due to less heavy consumption. The drinking trend is reflected also in attitudes toward alcohol advertising: the new French law on alcohol advertising is said to be the strictest in Europe. France played an active role in formulating the health policy in the Treaty of Maastricht — perhaps a sign of French aspirations to be a model, also in this respect, for all Europe.

The emerging role of NADPH oxidase NOX5 in vascular disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (10) ◽  
pp. 981-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Jha ◽  
Anna M.D. Watson ◽  
Geetha Mathew ◽  
Lisanne C. de Vos ◽  
Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
The Common ◽  
Models Of Disease

Oxidative stress is a consequence of up-regulation of pro-oxidant enzyme-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and concomitant depletion of antioxidants. Elevated levels of ROS act as an intermediate and are the common denominator for various diseases including diabetes-associated macro-/micro-vascular complications and hypertension. A range of enzymes are capable of generating ROS, but the pro-oxidant enzyme family, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs), are the only enzymes known to be solely dedicated to ROS generation in the vascular tissues, kidney, aortas and eyes. While there is convincing evidence for a role of NOX1 in vascular and eye disease and for NOX4 in renal injury, the role of NOX5 in disease is less clear. Although NOX5 is highly up-regulated in humans in disease, it is absent in rodents. Thus, so far it has not been possible to study NOX5 in traditional mouse or rat models of disease. In the present review, we summarize and critically analyse the emerging evidence for a pathophysiological role of NOX5 in disease including the expression, regulation and molecular and cellular mechanisms which have been demonstrated to be involved in NOX5 activation.

Relevance of Prostaglandins in Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Parantainen ◽  
H Vapaatalo ◽  
E Hokkanen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Vascular Headache ◽  
System A ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stress Influence

Prostaglandins (PG), particularly PGE, may be linked to the pathophysiology of migraine in several important ways. PGE, may “simulate” a migraine attack in healthy volunteers. PGE may be elevated in patients with migraine. In animal experiments and in human infusions, PGEs cause vasodilation and hyperalgesia, both typical reactions of inflammation. The view that vascular headache is an “inflammatory reaction” allows the best concept concerning the local role of PGs and the effectiveness of PG-inhibitors in the treatment of migraine. The local role of PGs may provide a common denominator in several hormonal, neural and other influences on vessels. The common triggers of a migraine attack like menstruation, alcohol and stress influence the PG-system and even the dietary reactions, hormonal influences, sleep and reserpine have some connections with the PG-system. A local role for PGs does not diminish the importance of other pathophysiological mechanisms operating during an attack. On the contrary, PGs may fill in gaps in our understanding of how the overt pain of attacks is produced.

scholarly journals Considerations on Sustainable Water Resources Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Elisabeta-Emilia Halmaghi ◽  
Dănuț Moşteanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
The Common ◽  
Responsible Manner

Abstract Water is essential to man’s life, nature and economy and has a fundamental role in the climate regulation cycle. It is a resource that is continually regenerating, but is at the same time finite and cannot be produced or replaced by other resources. Nothing is possible without water, this resource being the heart of human and economic development. That is why water is an essential factor for the existence of life and the development of human society. Rapid urbanization, the global demographic explosion and climate change have led to water quality degradation and have become acute pressures on water resources, which has led to concern for water protection. Water is the common denominator that links all areas of activity, and these actions have the role of encouraging a better understanding of the need for water use and management in a more responsible manner.

scholarly journals Neural Control of Immunity in Hypertension: Council on Hypertension Mid Career Award for Research Excellence, 2019

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
Daniela Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

The nervous system and the immune system share the common ability to exert gatekeeper roles at the interfaces between internal and external environment. Although interaction between these 2 evolutionarily highly conserved systems has been recognized for long time, the investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their crosstalk has been tackled only in recent decades. Recent work of the past years elucidated how the autonomic nervous system controls the splenic immunity recruited by hypertensive challenges. This review will focus on the neural mechanisms regulating the immune response and the role of this neuroimmune crosstalk in hypertension. In this context, the review highlights the components of the brain-spleen axis with a focus on the neuroimmune interface established in the spleen, where neural signals shape the immune response recruited to target organs of high blood pressure.

The European Court of Justice, More than a Teleological Court

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 373-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertina Albors Llorens
Keyword(s):  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ec Law

The judgments of the Community judicature are often subject to intense scrutiny by the media and by academic writers. The European Court of Justice, in particular, is regularly accused of being by and large an “activist” court, namely a court that construes EC law in the light of the objective the judges are trying to pursue. In particular, it is argued that the European Court uses the teleological method of interpretation to enhance the effectiveness of Community law at the expense of the written legal texts. Several studies have been published on the supposed “activist” role of the European Court and as many (or more) have been written in defence of the Court. The common denominator of all these works is that they are selective.

Postnatal care

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devoshree Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

The role of GPs in providing maternity care has changed dramatically over the past 30 years, with a trend towards declining involvement; however, recent proposals have suggested greater involvement is required. Nevertheless, the GP remains an important point of contact for postnatal advice, and it is the GP who usually carries out the 6-week postnatal maternal check. This article aims to provide an overview of the common types of problems mothers may encounter in the postnatal period and how they can be appropriately managed. It also provides a guide for the topics to be covered during the 6-week postnatal maternal check.

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