5.7. ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL DATA OF MAIN INDICATORS OF THE LIVING STANDARDS OF POPULATION: REGIONAL ASPECT

Одной из основных задач развития социально-экономической политики государства является повышение уровня жизни населения. Наиболее показательным критерием для оценки уровня жизни являются денежные доходы, среднемесячная заработная плата, величина прожиточного минимума. Анализ их динамики в различных регионах позволяет выявить тренды, дифференциации, проблемы малообеспеченности населения и возможности повышения уровня жизни для улучшения благосостояния населения. One of the main tasks of the development of the socio-economic policy of the state is to improve the living standards of the population. The most indicative criterion for assessing the standard of living are the cash income, average monthly wage, cost of living. An analysis of their dynamics in different regions reveals trends, differentiations, problems of the low-income population, the possibility of increasing the standard of living to improve its financial situation.

Zugpferd für komplexe Ausgangslagen: Wie der Soziale Arbeitsmarkt die Integrationsarbeit der Jobcenter neu ausrichtet

Zusammenfassung Zum 1. Januar 2019 ist mit § 16i SGB II ein Sozialer Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland eingeführt worden. Die quantitative und qualitative Umsetzung der nunmehr ersten zwei Jahre stimmt positiv: Die neue Struktur eines Lohnkosten­zuschusses in Kombination mit einem integriertem Coaching scheint einen ­arbeitsmarktpolitischen Ton anzuschlagen, der Arbeitgeber wie Leistungsberechtigte gleichermaßen fördert und fordert. So nehmen Jobcenter die neuen Fördermöglichkeiten gut an und die Bestandszahlen bleiben bisher selbst in der durch Covid-19 arbeitsmarktpolitisch angespannten Situation stabil. Abstract: Driving Force at Complex Labour Market Situations: A Relaunch of Integration Strategies Based On a Social Labour Market On 1st of January 2019, the Participation Opportunities Act introduced a Social Labour Market in Germany granting up to five years of wage cost subsidies. So far, the quantitative and qualitative implementation analysis is positive: For the time being the new supporting structure seems to set a tone in labour market policy that is both encouraging and challenging employers as well as beneficiaries based on an effective reframing of wage subsidies by adding a comprehensive coaching which can be precisely adjusted to the individual needs. Jobcentres are responding well to the new funding opportunities and the number of supported persons remained stable even in the current situation of labour market policy caused by Covid-19.

Deindustrialization and innovation under globalization: An analysis of India’s catch up in manufacturing

There is a growing empirical evidence of premature deindustrialization in developing countries wherein the share of manufacturing in GDP and employment declined at a much lower level of per capita income as compared to the trend observed in developed countries. This study examined the manufacturing performance of India, which has been persistent with industrialization as its catch-up strategy. While the study finds no evidence of deindustrialization in the conventional sense, it presents compelling evidence in terms of wage share in value added and wage rate. Therefore, the study argues that a realistic analysis of deindustrialization should consider the quality of employment, wage share and wage rate along with employment share and GDP share. The study attributes deindustrialization in India as an outcome of its strategy to build international competitiveness based on price/wage cost advantage and the failure to build a vibrant learning, innovation and competence building system.

Zero-hours contracts and labour market policy

SUMMARY The evolving nature of atypical work arrangements is studied. A particular focus is placed on one such form of work relation: zero-hours contracts (ZHCs). The paper uses existing secondary data and new survey data collected for the specific purpose of studying alternative work arrangements to describe the nature of ZHC work in the UK labour market. The interaction with labour market policy is explored, in the context of the 2016 introduction of the UK’s National Living Wage. ZHC work is shown to be an important feature of today’s work arrangements, and the wage cost shock induced by the new, higher minimum wage resulted in an increased use of ZHCs in the UK social care sector, and in low wage sectors more generally.

Wage Cost-Reducing Policies and Employment Stability for People With Disabilities in the Spanish Labor Market

The strategies for integrating people with disabilities into the labor market have evolved toward a social approach, in which the objective is the integration with stable and decent jobs. This article analyzes how persons with disabilities enter the ordinary labor market by studying the factors that strengthen stability in that process. In particular, it analyzes the incentives to hire workers by means of Social Security contribution deductions, a wage cost-reducing measure, and studies whether or not reduced contributions affects the hiring of people with disabilities in stable positions, thus promoting the possibility of decent and stable jobs. We focus on people with disabilities entering the job market for the first time during the period 2004 to 2011, using the Continuous Sample of Working Histories Database for Spain and using as a control group people without disabilities. The results obtained show that reduced social security contributions constitute an incentive that effectively encourages the entry of workers with a disability into the labor market by means of stable employment.

FDI CONSEQUENCES OF DOWNWARD WAGE–COST RIGIDITIES

This paper estimates an adjusted gravity model by directly measuring downward wage rigidities based on our modified regime-switching specification in order to investigate the effect of labor market flexibility on the flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) between Korea and 18 counterpart countries. To measure wage–cost rigidities, we employ firm-specific sales data for 410,012 firms in 19 countries obtained from Compustat as a relevant driver of wage costs extracted from earnings data by International Labor Organization (ILO). Our results suggest that greater wage rigidities in a counterpart country are associated with less net-outflows of FDI in Korea.