Wage Cost-Reducing Policies and Employment Stability for People With Disabilities in the Spanish Labor Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa B. Castro Núñez ◽  
Víctor Martín Barroso ◽  
Rosa Santero Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Security Contribution ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Wage Cost ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
First Time

The strategies for integrating people with disabilities into the labor market have evolved toward a social approach, in which the objective is the integration with stable and decent jobs. This article analyzes how persons with disabilities enter the ordinary labor market by studying the factors that strengthen stability in that process. In particular, it analyzes the incentives to hire workers by means of Social Security contribution deductions, a wage cost-reducing measure, and studies whether or not reduced contributions affects the hiring of people with disabilities in stable positions, thus promoting the possibility of decent and stable jobs. We focus on people with disabilities entering the job market for the first time during the period 2004 to 2011, using the Continuous Sample of Working Histories Database for Spain and using as a control group people without disabilities. The results obtained show that reduced social security contributions constitute an incentive that effectively encourages the entry of workers with a disability into the labor market by means of stable employment.

scholarly journals Hazard analysis of a yacht designed for people with disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bogdan Branowski ◽  
Marek Zabłocki ◽  
Jarosław Gabryelski ◽  
Andrzej Walczak ◽  
Przemysław Kurczewski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Degree Structure ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
First Time

Introduction: In connection with the design of a seaworthy yacht for persons with disabilities, authors conduct a risk analysis and consider the safety aspects arising from these risks. In the context of tourism and recreation for people with disabilities, this represents a new issue in the literature. Aim: The aim of the analysis was a multi-aspect evaluation of the hazards that occur when sailors with disabilities carry out typical activities on a yacht. The recommendations arising from the conducted research were used when designing the structure of a staysail schooner intended to be sailed by people with disabilities. Methods: Two methods of risk analysis were adopted. A preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) was carried out with the purpose of identifying and evaluating the possibility of people with various types of disabilities carrying out activities on a yacht. A process hazard analysis (PRHA) was based on a four-degree structure of functions with 31 component operations, relating to both sailing and living on a yacht. This methodology was used by the authors in sailing for the first time when the yacht’s equipment was designed for persons with disabilities. Results: The evaluation covered the adaptation of the yacht for sailing by people with disabilities and considered the various functions that would need to be carried out by these people. A PRHA matrix was created, consisting of 1,116 fields. Authors found that safe execution of many of the relevant functions by people with various types of disabilities was indicated. Conclusions: Based on the results of the PRHA, a set of new guidelines was created for permanent and temporary adaptations of a yacht in the context of the degrees and causes of disabilities.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH OF EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
GALYNA BOIKIVSKA ◽  
◽  
SVITLANA HLADUN ◽  
OLGA KUTNIA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

The article examines the problems of employment of persons with disabilities and the peculiarities of regulatory and legal support in the field of regulation of employment of persons with disabilities. The employment rate of people with disabilities is a priority for a good life and an important indicator that gives them the right to feel like full members of society and get a positive impact on their psychological state. The concepts of state policy in the field of employment regulation of persons with disabilities are analyzed. The accumulated international and domestic experience shows that the effective solution of these problems is possible only within the model in which the political goals of the state, legal, economic, organizational and scientific skills, components of the social protection of persons with disabilities are pensions, state social insurance, state social insurance. support, system of benefits and compensations. Ukraine only at the first stage to inclusive development Inclusive development is based on the distribution of welfare, elimination of discrimination and participation of all labor resources, which provides a high standard of living for the majority of the population. Approaches to the definition of the terms “disability” and “persons with disabilities” in the legislation of different countries are systematized. Domestic legislation provides for a number of economic levers of influence on enterprises, institutions, organizations that use hired labor, in order to ensure employment of this category of citizens. The main problems of employment of people with disabilities and ways to overcome them are identified. Integrating people with disabilities into the labor market is a complex multilateral process that requires each country to find a specific combination of measures and funding opportunities. Successful implementation of measures is essential to create a comprehensive labor market with equal opportunities for all members of society.

scholarly journals The role of rehabilitation and educational institutions in vocational training and employment of people with disabilities

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
Aziza Yarasheva ◽  
Olga Alexandrova ◽  
Svetlana Makar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents some results of a comprehensive sociological research carried out in Moscow in 2018, the purpose of which was to identify the main problems facing people with disabilities (with various types of persistent disorders of body functions) in the capital’s labor market. On the basis of a series of in-depth structured interviews with experts from institutions related to the training and employment of people with disabilities, conclusions were drawn about the features of the selection of vacancies and the problems of adaptation of people with disabilities in the Moscow labor market. The interest of employers in the organization of jobs for persons with disabilities is considered as one of the key issues. One of the issues discussed is the choice between the expediency of creating jobs in the framework of specialized enterprises of the disabled and their integration into the work of ordinary enterprises. Approaches to this issue in different countries have their own characteristics and are determined by the attitude in society towards a person in general and towards a disabled person in particular. The problem of the perception of persons with disabilities in educational institutions and working collectives is considered, and the specific of adaptation of persons with disabilities to digital economy are discussed. There are highlighted the features inherent to social appearance of people with disabilities, as potential employees, as well as the influence of the immediate environment, a kind of ecosystem of a disabled person, on his motivation to work. The social profile of disabled person outlines five key positions in terms of both internal attitudes and environmental conditions affecting employment. In modern conditions of digitalization of the economy, the issues of adaptation of disabled people to its specific features are considered. The authors highlight the role of rehabilitation and special educational institutions in Moscow in preparation of persons with disabilities to their work activities, the ability to present themselves in the selection of a suitable vacancy and the expansion of opportunities to implement their work plans.

scholarly journals Integrated Work Environment for People with Disabilities within The Context of The Bulgarian and European Legislation

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Life ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Right

Abstract People with disabilities are one of the socially vulnerable groups in the labor market. The main reason for this negative trend is the lack of integrated work environment that creates conditions for equal exercise of their right to work. At national level, the main piece of legislation which governs the right of an integrated work environment is the Law on Integration of People with Disabilities. The integration of the work environment is crucial for ensuring the opportunity for employment and professional realization of people with disabilities. Namely the professional realization of the labor market is one of the main mechanisms for the overall integration of this social group in various spheres of public life, which is set as a priority objective in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

scholarly journals Polityka wobec niepełnosprawności w Polsce w perspektywie okrutnego optymizmu. Rzecz o niespełnianych obietnicach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Głąb ◽  
Magdalena Kocejko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Individual

The article presents the application of a theoretical approach which is cruel optimism to analyze the situation of people with disabilities in education and the labor market in Poland. Cruel optimism is understood as a set of unfulfilled promises offered and valued by contemporary consumer society. These promises are an indicator of status, and their very existence is associated with social pressure to strive to achieve them at all costs – also at the price of the degradation of the individual. The proposed analysis examines promises made to persons with disabilities as part of various practices and solutions in the fields of vocational education and employment-related activities, as well as indicates the reasons for their failure. Possibilities of avoiding (or reducing) the effect of cruel optimism in shaping disability policy have also been indicated. The summary contains research postulates and recommendations related to the use of cruel optimism approach in the evaluation of programs addressed to people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Employment of Disabled People in Russian Regions: Status, Differentiation, Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
O. V. Kuchmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Status Differentiation

Purpose of the research. Employment of disabled people can be considered as a kind of reserve of the labor potential of the population in the conditions of aging and reduction of the population of working age. The purpose of the article is to consider the regional differentiation of employment of disabled people, to identify factors that affect the level of their employment and typological groups of Russian regions depending on the situation in the field of employment of disabled people.Materials and methods. The article is based on data on official disability for 2012-2019 and employment of disabled people, reflected in the system of state statistical accounting, as well as sample surveys of Rosstat. In addition, we used data on employment of disabled people from the Federal register of disabled people, which is operated by the Pension Fund of Russia.The conclusions of the article are based on the results of statistical analysis of data using descriptive statistics methods, calculation of nonparametric criteria (Tau-b Kendall) to assess differences in the distributions of indicators that characterize the socio-economic status of disabled people, as well as cluster analysis to identify typological groups of regions in terms of the situation in the employment of disabled people.Results. More than half of Russian disabled people are over the age of 60 (58.9% at the beginning of 2020). Age structure of disabled people affects their employment. People with disabilities do not feel in demand in the labor market. The share of employed (working) disabled people in Russia is 14.9% (2019). The employment rate of disabled people in the regions varies significantly – from 7.2% to 29.2%. Moreover, in 75 Russian regions, the share of working disabled does not exceed 20% of their number. The result of a cluster analysis based on data describing the employment of disabled people in the context of Russian regions in 2019 was the division of 85 regions of Russia into 4 clusters. There is a certain correlation between variables such as the percentage of disabled people working and the percentage of disabled people in employment, and the level of poverty in the regions. The share of disabled people among all employed in the region is related to the level of wages in the region and the amount of disability pensions.Conclusion. The small size of the disability pension encourages the employment of disabled people. In regions where the level of poverty is relatively low, even with high wages, employment of disabled people is minimal, due to both higher levels of social guarantees and competition between disabled/non-disabled people for jobs.The calculations show that, if appropriate conditions are created, the share of employed persons with disabilities among all disabled people may increase, which will attract from 33.5 thousand employees to 611.5 thousand employees to the labor market. Increasing employment for people with disabilities is important for the well-being of people with disabilities, as well as for the state and society.

ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING OF A BARRIER-FREE ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Marova ◽  
◽  
Ulyana Tokareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Services ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Free Environment

Іn the article deals, that the creation of an inclusive environment is an important priority of modern public policy, which considers the issues of accessibility, protection of the rights of people with disabilities and equal opportunities in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals until 2030. It has been proved that for the implementation of organizational measures for physical disability, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of the concept of universal design and reasonable adaptation, transport accessibility, and the implementation of new building codes. Local authorities should adopt special programs and create an inclusive environment for everyone, including children, women, the elderly, representatives of other groups, realizing their rights to individual adaptation, assistive devices, and a comfortable public space. It is noted that an important area that covers a significant range of organizational issues is economic inclusion. Economic inclusion means providing conditions and opportunities for employment, obtaining financing for entrepreneurship, developing social entrepreneurship, and vocational rehabilitation for all groups of citizens. It has been established that in a pandemic, more attention should be paid to organizing vocational rehabilitation for persons who have lost contact with the labor market or persons who need additional protection in the labor market. The importance of information inclusion and the development of appropriate state standards of social services for the translation of sign speech, accompanying persons with visual impairments, accompanying people with disabilities in employment and social and labor adaptation has been substantiated.The conditions for the development of rehabilitation services in accordance with the requirements of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities are considered. It is proved that the main directions of development of the system of rehabilitation services in Ukraine require an integrated approach in connection with the medical reform in the country. To implement organizational measures, public authorities need to constantly monitor compliance with the standards of accessibility. It is necessary to reform the legislation on the employment of people with disabilities and strengthen the work of state bodies in the field of employment.

scholarly journals The Cashless Debit Card and rights of persons with disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Shelley Bielefeld ◽  
Fleur Beaupert
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Security ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Debit Card ◽  
Disability Support ◽  
International Human

The Cashless Debit Card ( CDC) was triggered by a recommendation in the 2014 Forrest Review, ostensibly to address substance abuse and gambling issues. The CDC applies to a broad range of social security payments, defined as ‘trigger’ payments, including a Disability Support Pension ( DSP). This article contends that people with disabilities are likely to encounter a range of specific issues with the CDC, and that the scheme squares poorly with Australia's international human rights obligations to persons with disabilities. We argue that the CDC has pernicious effects in terms of deprivation of autonomy, subjection to stigma and denial of dignity.

scholarly journals BASIC INCOME AND THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
JOSÉ LUIS REY PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Brute Luck ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
And Gender

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities presents a social approach to disabilities. In accordance with this conception, the origin of the discrimination suffered by persons with disabilities is mainly social because we have designed our society without universal access for everybody. There is a normality criterion, based on physical capabilities, intelligence, race and gender that excludes many people from that canon. The different contemporary liberal theories of justice have discussed disabilities thinking about how the State could compensate brute luck. In this context, does universal basic income play some role? Van Parijs in Real Freedom for All defends a unanimous criterion to compensate for brute luck. That compensation would be made before distributing an equal basic income among everybody. In this paper, UBI will be studied in the context of the debate about rights of persons with disabilities. Firstly, the argument given by Van Parijs will be discussed because the unanimous requirement does not fit with a social understanding of disabilities. Secondly, if we consider a right to UBI, it is necessary to study which role this right can play in the life of people with disabilities and if we can say that this right has a universal design. In this point, it will be studied whether UBI can establish some type of indirect discrimination against people with disabilities and if so, which type of reasonable accommodation would be necessary to eliminate that discrimination.

The Embittered Mind

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansjörg Znoj ◽  
Sandra Abegglen ◽  
Ulrike Buchkremer ◽  
Michael Linden
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract. There is a growing interest in embitterment as psychological concept. However, little systematic research has been conducted to characterize this emotional reaction. Still, there is an ongoing debate about the distinctiveness of embitterment and its dimensions. Additionally, a categorical and a dimensional perspective on embitterment have been developed independently over the last decade. The present study investigates the dimensions of embitterment by bringing these two different approaches together, for the first time. The Bern Embitterment Inventory (BEI) was given to 49 patients diagnosed with “Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED)” and a matched control group of 49 patients with psychological disorders with other dominant emotional dysregulations. The ability to discriminate between the two groups was assessed by t-tests and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (ROC curve analysis). PTED patients scored significantly higher on the BEI than the patients of the control group. ROC analyses indicated diagnostic accuracy of the inventory. Further, we conducted Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) to examine the different dimensions of embitterment and their relations. As a result, we found four characteristic dimensions of embitterment, namely disappointment, lack of acknowledge, pessimism, and misanthropy. In general, our findings showed a common understanding of embitterment as a unique but multidimensional emotional reaction to distressful life-events.

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