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Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Grigoria Zitouni-Petrogianni ◽  
Angeliki Paraschou ◽  
Helen Maistrou

This article investigates the problem of changing land uses in historical city centers, a problem which often leads to the alteration of their historical, architectural and functional physiognomy, as well as the loss of their inhabitants. It also discusses the importance of land management and proposes a multifunctional reuse model for sustainable development in abandoned or degraded areas in historic cities. This problem is found in historical centers nowadays, especially in the European South, and many theoretical texts and urban studies deal with the issue. Taking under consideration the case of the Historical “Commercial Triangle” of Athens, this article presents the results of an extensive field work, which led to the mapping and analysis of the neighborhood’s special identity. Subsequently, these results lead to the presentation of the problems caused by the dominating uses of recreation and tourism, which suppress the traditional existing commercial uses and the residency. It concludes by proposing preservation strategies for the reuse and development of the area and emphasizes the importance of a management plan aiming towards the preservation of the historical character of the commercial center and its sustainable development. The work presented in this paper is based on an assignment produced in 2020 for the purposes of the post-graduate course “Protection and Preservation of a historical urban center or settlement”, which is part of the post-graduate program “Protection of Monuments” in the School of Architecture, NTUA.


2022 ◽  
pp. 146954052110620
Author(s):  
Liang Yao

By investigating the history of how yanqishui, originally a drink for factory heatstroke prevention, changed from welfare in the Mao years to a popular drink in post-socialist Shanghai, this article attempts to show the historical continuity of consumption in modern China and that the understanding of consumption patterns must be rooted in a local context. Using archives, local newspapers, memoirs, and interviews, the article explores the symbolic meanings of yanqishui before China’s 1978 reforms, which have left a deep impression on the Chinese masses and continuously impacted consumption thereafter. It argues that the popularity of yanqishui in contemporary Shanghai, to an extent, represents some kind of nostalgic consumption. However, instead of a nationwide sentiment, the nostalgia is sometimes local. As the biggest commercial center and then an industrial core in China’s modern history, Shanghai left people special memories on yanqishui that have greatly shaped the local consumer culture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Taha Shabbir ◽  
Abdul Shakoor Chandio ◽  
Syed Shuja Uddin ◽  
Asim Ali

Pakistan's federalism problem dates all the way back to the establishment of the republic. Pakistan was established during many problems, many of which involved the state's government and administration. After Pakistan's inception, Federalism has been recognized as a political structure. The Muslim League was Pakistan's democratic body, and it called for the provinces of United India to have complete provincial autonomy. In the other side, the Congress favored a moderate federation. Due to the Muslim League's extensive past and tradition, it has been forced to recognize Federalism as a state system. Karachi, a major commercial center in Sindh, was annexed by the federal government and incorporated into its region. As a consequence of this undemocratic act, Sindh's ministry was dissolved, and Karachi was put under federal administration. The smaller provinces were compelled to form One Unit as a result of this development. The One-unit structure scrapped Sindh's territorial position and fundamentally altered its demography. After Bengal's dismemberment, Punjab became the only ruling state, controlling the state structure. Sindh remained marginalized in this province. Sindh has always met with the same fate. Furthermore, Pakistan's constitutions made no provision for Sindh's provincial hegemony. This thesis makes an empirical attempt to examine the historical connection between the Centre and Sindh.


Author(s):  
Cleginaldo Pereira de Carvalho ◽  

Nowadays, when competitiveness has become a frequent factor among companies, they must be prepared and structured, in order to acquire competitive advantages in the market. The present work aims to analyze the restaurant market in the commercial center of the city of Lorena, state of São Paulo - SP, providing information on the profile of consumers, companies that compete in the market and influencing aspects in decision making in choosing the preferred establishment, thus providing the necessary subsidies for the elaboration of a possible business plan. The investigation was conducted through a bibliographic review and a market research applied to regulars in the commercial center of the municipality. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of a heterogeneous market, composed of consumers of the most varied ages, occupations and preferences for companies already established in the local commerce. The study also presented as the most relevant factors in the process of choosing the preferred restaurant the quality of the products, the service and the variety. Thus, the feasibility of proceeding to a detailed business plan, incorporating financial and marketing aspects, is concluded.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110611
Author(s):  
James Christopher Mizes

In 2010, the City of Dakar published its new master plan for a clean, competitive, modern city. This plan entailed the relocation of thousands of walking street vendors to free up traffic circulation and reduce the economic costs of congestion. Unlike previous relocations, this program required the political participation of vendor associations in the planning and design of a new commercial center. It also required the vendors to pay user charges: monthly payments for the use of the center and its utilities. Yet most Dakar's street vendors unequivocally refused to relocate, citing the building's poor location, bad design, and high price. Such user charges have become a contentious device with which governments across the world are financing the provision of public services. In this article, I analyze the politics of this device by tracing the linkages from Dakar's relocation program back to the political philosophies of prominent intellectuals commonly associated with “neoliberalism.” In doing so, I reveal how popular refusal is not beyond or opposed to a depoliticizing neoliberalism, but instead forms an integral part of neoliberal reflections on popular politics. I conclude by analyzing the political effects of this neoliberal device in Dakar: it introduced a new style of political engagement—consumption—through which individual vendors could dispute their relocation. And this individualized refusal to consume incited their representative associations to extend a popular mode of valuation—negotiation—into the calculation of the building's price.


2021 ◽  
pp. 504-519
Author(s):  
T. Michael Parrish

The Red River Campaign in the spring of 1864 was the disastrous culmination of the Union high command’s persistent efforts to conquer Louisiana and Texas. Abraham Lincoln ordered Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, commander of the Department of the Gulf, to lead a large force from New Orleans up the Red River Valley, capture Shreveport (the Confederacy’s Trans-Mississippi capital and major commercial center), and invade Texas. Lincoln delayed an important campaign against Mobile and diverted significant manpower from the western theater and Arkansas, along with a large fleet of naval vessels, to support Banks in order to accomplish sweeping economic, political, and foreign policy goals. Mismanaged by Banks from the start, the campaign suffered defeat before reaching Shreveport, but it created havoc in the Red River Valley by allowing many slaves to flee to Union forces, compelling many civilians to flee with their slaves to Texas for safety, and inducing defeated Union soldiers to destroy a vast array of civilian properties and towns. As a result, northern Louisiana suffered economically for many years, while Texas emerged from the war continuing to grow into an economic powerhouse.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Zhuoran Shan ◽  
Zhe Wu ◽  
Man Yuan

The attractiveness of commercial centers is one of the core issues in urban and rural planning research. To deepen the theoretical understanding of attractiveness and optimize modeling, we empirically analyzed the factors and mechanisms influencing the attractiveness of Wuhan’s commercial centers by improving the classic retail model and testing the age differentiation of mechanisms. The results indicate the following: (1) there is an obvious attractiveness gap in the commercial centers examined, and six have not met their planning expectations; (2) intensive and abundant shopping services, domestic services, sports and leisure services, and medical care services all promote attractiveness, but their impact on customers of different ages varies greatly. For young consumers, shopping services have the greatest effect on attractiveness, whereas for middle-aged and elderly consumers, sports and leisure services have the greatest effect; (3) the accumulation of length of development increases the likelihood of young people’s patronage, but the effect is weak; (4) traffic resistance shows a stable inhibitory effect, and middle-aged and elderly people are more sensitive to travel time than youth; (5) improving the retail model is effective, and the model is more powerful in explaining young consumers. This research also puts forward policy recommendations for the commercial centers’ industry configuration, new and old combinations, and traffic accessibility, and then proposes planning countermeasures for Wuhan’s city- and-county-level commercial center layout, local commercial land morphology organization, and the construction optimization of commercial centers that have not met expectations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 369-389
Author(s):  
Miriam Bodian

The western Sephardic diaspora was created by descendants of Jews who underwent forced baptism in Portugal in 1497, just a few years after the expulsion from Spain had brought a flood of Jewish exiles across the border. These conversos, many of them crypto-Jews, became known as the “nação” (“nation”), a term that conveyed an ambiguous identity that had made them targets of the Portuguese Inquisition. At first, some immigrated to Iberian colonial lands or fled to Jewish communities in Italy and the Ottoman Empire. By the mid-sixteenth century, some who were active in the expanding Atlantic trade began settling in southwest France as “New Christians.” In the seventeenth century Portuguese ex-conversos were able to build a thriving, openly practicing Jewish community in the Atlantic commercial center of Amsterdam. This became the hub of a diaspora that eventually included the Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of North America. Although some of its traditions have been carefully preserved, by the mid-eighteenth century this once dynamic diaspora had lost much of its commercial and cultural vitality.


Author(s):  
Nezaket Tekin

This article focuses on the concepts of woman-nature-art, 18.-19. Century has progressed through a structure that extends from women nature artists to today's eco art. First of all, female protagonists in the stories of the writer Andrea Barrett and their historical counterparts, such as Elizabeth Blackwell, were included. Examples of the works of female artists who criticized the male predominance in the art environment of the 1970s were examined. At the same time, it was mentioned that awareness of the environment increased in the 1970s with the influence of scientists, activists and artists. The concept of Ecofeminism, which was first used by Françoise d'Eaubonne in 1974, was defined, and the women and ecology connections of writers such as Vandana Shiva were mentioned. In the last two sections, the works of the women artists selected were examined with the descriptive method. Agnes Varda is discussed in her wheat field project, which she cultivates in the commercial center of New York, as she is the first artist to engage in agriculture as an artistic act and production. Katie Holten has made boulevard trees visible using photographs, drawings, maps, interviews and software. Finally, there is Neri Oxman, who uses nature itself as a design in her projects, which she calls "Material Ecology" combines science, engineering, art and design. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0856/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>


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