SMART WHEELCHAIR/VEHICLE FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE WITH REVERSE GEAR OPERATION

This paper aims to design the vehicle for the physically challenged person with reverse gear system. This proposed vehicle helps them not to believe any third persons to require a reverse gear. Here we used \"tumbler gear” mechanism for our prototype where the gear is accustomed by changing the direction of gear. It contains two gears which place in parallel by changing their position with motor direction; that are often changed but in real time application we\'d wish to use ideal gear system with gear box. Also the bike contains ultrasonic sensor which supports echo signals to supply alert on taking reverse to avoid collision between other object. this technique also contains \"GPS\" which help their family to locate the position of the physically challenged person just easily. in case of any emergency, an ultrasonic sensor, GPS module and relay circuits are employed to drive the motor in our prototype.

Finite Element Analysis-Based Thermo-Mechanical Performance Study of Heavy Vehicle Medium Duty Transmission Gearbox

The main objective of this chapter is to investigate the performance of automobile transmission gearbox under the influence of load, rotational speed, and lubrication on multi speed gearbox gear surface. Gear oil SAE 80W-90 was used as gearbox lubricant, for cooling of transmission gearbox for high performance. An assumption has been made at the air-gear oil mist within transmission is under steady state condition, in isothermal equilibrium with the transmission gear oil bath of lubricant. The lubrication in multi speed transmission is subjected to thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The present chapter deals with the thermo-mechanical performance study of multi speed transmission (4 speed, excluding reverse gear) system, which combines transient structure analysis of the gear train assembly. The engaged gear teeth pairs transmit torque subjected to thermo-elastohydrodynamic arrangements of lubrication. The study here analyzed transmission in second gear pair.

RESEARCH OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF IRON GEAR WHEELS WITH DIFFUSE CARBIDE LAYER

The article is concerned with wear resistance increase of saw-tooth enclosed drives applying instead of iron gear wheels, made from cement steel quality, gear wheels from high-duty cast iron of HF 60 with thermodiffusion carbide layer. Elements- diffusants were chosen according to level of carbide forming and hardness of formed layersvanadium- for forming very hard, chrome-medium according to coating and manganese- for low layers according to coating hardness. Layers are formed on spur gears, which are reverse gear of light vehicle. Setting for research included draw gear- asynchronous electric drive, placed on lathe-bed with the help of which rotation of gear shift transmission with powered reverse gear was done. Transmission output shaft was pressed into chunk. Kinematick of disconnected machine provided necessary moment resistance. Through given number of cycles the box was taken down, gear set was removed and metal graphic research was carried out. Residual layer thickness and linear wear were diagnosed, on the basis of obtained experimental data we built characteristic curves of linear wear from number of stress cycles. For comparative evaluation in this type of research we carried out experiments on measurement of linear wear of case – hardening steel 20 ChGn after cementation and further quenching and research of hardened cast iron HF mark 60. It was found out that the highest quality wearing in this type of research vanadium layers have, slightly lower quality wear chromium plate have and on the 3rd place manganese layers. The worst quality wear we observed in steel 20 ChGN. On the basis of obtained –experimental data empirical regularities of wear rate of layers from their Brinnel hardness and diameter of obtained copy were determined.

16. The Europeanization of Member State Policy

How are the policies of the member states affected by their membership of the European Union? What are the concepts and explanations in this field? Can Europeanization be reversed? This chapter examines the effects of the the public policy functions of European Union on domestic policy. It introduces the relevant concepts, and then illustrates types and modes of Europeanization. On balance, we find that the Europeanization processes have not created homogeneity or policy convergence. Rather, the Europeanization effect is differential: it differs by policy area and political system. And there are good theoretical reasons for this, grounded in the causal theories addressing the question how the EU affects domestic policy via adaptational pressure and/or domestic agency. Finally, the chapter explores a question raised by the decision of the UK to leave the EU and in diverse ways by the attempts to de-regulate or reverse the overall domestic burden of EU regulations. These categories of decisions, initiatives, and policies can be called de-Europeanization or Europeanization in reverse gear. We therefore appraise the prospect for significant de-Europeanization. The pressures for de-Europeanization are strong, but the EU regulatory regime is certainly resilient. For sure we have not seen a bonfire of EU regulations, although Europeanization effects can be reduced by withdrawing proposals or by reducing the stringency of implementation requirements.