Mediation of the Relationship of Acculturation With Glycemic Control in Asian Americans With Diabetes

Purpose To assess the role of physical activity and healthcare access in mediating the association of acculturation with cardiometabolic health in Asian American adults with diabetes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. Subjects Non-pregnant Asian American adults with doctor diagnosed diabetes. Measures Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high acculturation status. Self-reported leisure-time, work, and transportation-based physical activity were summed for overall physical activity. Health insurance, frequency of healthcare receipt, and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) check in the past year indicated healthcare access. Cardiometabolic health indicators included HbA1c, total and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Analysis Linear and logistic regression estimates, standardized using y-standardization, and assessed mediation of acculturation with cardiometabolic health. Results Low acculturation was significantly related to greater leisure-time inactivity odds [OR (95% CI) = 2.25 (1.05, 4.82)], overall insufficient activity [OR (95% CI) = 2.30 (1.12, 4.74)], and uninsured status [OR (95% CI) = 5.62 (1.55, 20.41)]. Asian Americans with low acculturation had significantly higher log HbA1c than those with high acculturation ( β ± SE = .078 ± .038); however, this association was not significant after adjusting for leisure-time activity. Leisure-time activity mediated 48.9% of acculturation and HbA1c association, and the indirect effect was statistically significant [estimate (95% CI) = .021 (.002, 0.047)]. Conclusions Results suggest that promoting sufficient leisure-time activity could improve glycemic control in least acculturated Asian Americans with diabetes.

Associations between Adolescents’ Social Leisure Activities and the Onset of Mental Disorders in Young Adulthood

The association of leisure time activities with specific mental disorders has mainly remained unclear because of lack of such research. This study analyzed the association of different levels of social leisure time activity during adolescence (ages 15–16 years) with the incidence of mental disorders during adolescence and young adulthood between the ages of 16–33 years. The study population consisted of 6838 (females 51.5%) participants from the longitudinal follow-up study, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, covering 72% of the total 1986 birth cohort. Psychiatric morbidity of the participants was followed through nationwide health registers until the end of the year 2018 when the participants were 33 years old. High social leisure time activity in adolescence associated with lower incidence of psychiatric disorders in general, and specifically, with affective, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Low social leisure time activity was related to increased incidence of any psychiatric disorder in general, and particularly to anxiety and behavioral disorders. In terms of prevention of mental disorders, these study findings encourage families, schools and other communities to continue to enhance and develop community-based social leisure time activities for children and adolescents.

CO-RELATION AMONG LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS

INTRODUCTION Physical inactivity has become a global burden that leads to adverse health conditions in particular obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Moreover, the modern generation tends to have a sedentary lifestyle because of the burden and increasing usage of technologies including cell phones, laptops, or gaming gadgets. Therefore, students lack Physical Activity (PA) even in their leisure-time due to fatigue and a decrease in Quality of Life (QoL) METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling technique among physical therapy students. Godin-Leisure Time Questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHO HRQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to collect data and sent to participants via email or WhatsApp groups. RESULTS A total number of 384 physical therapy students participated in the study with 104 (27%) males and 280 females (73%) respectively. The survey showed 74% of individual’s active followed by 19.2% moderately active while only 1.4% sedentary. An 81.1±11.4 average was attained on the HRQoL that suggested individuals have a good quality of life. Besides, no significant association (p=0.156) between leisure-time activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of physical therapy students was found. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the majority of students were active in performing moderate PA followed by good QoL. Moreover, no significant association between leisure-time activity and HRQoL of physical therapy students was found therefore, large-scale multicenter trials should be conducted to evaluate the factors related to PA and QoL in young individuals considering standardized assessments to have reliable outcomes.

Physical activity and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Although physical activity is an established protective factor for cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, less is known with regard to the association between specific domains of physical activity and heart failure, as well as the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and heart failure. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies to clarify the relations of total physical activity, domains of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of heart failure. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 14th, 2020. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine prospective studies (36 publications) were included in the review. The summary RRs for high versus low levels were 0.77 (95% CI 0.70–0.85, I2 = 49%, n = 7) for total physical activity, 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.81, I2 = 88.1%, n = 16) for leisure-time activity, 0.66 (95% CI 0.59–0.74, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for vigorous activity, 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.94, I2 = 86%, n = 3) for walking and bicycling combined, 0.90 (95% CI 0.86–0.95, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for occupational activity, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.19–0.49, I2 = 96%, n = 6) for cardiorespiratory fitness. In dose–response analyses, the summary RRs were 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.95, I2 = 67%, n = 4) per 20 MET-hours per day of total activity and 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.78, I2 = 85%, n = 11) per 20 MET-hours per week of leisure-time activity. Nonlinear associations were observed in both analyses with a flattening of the dose–response curve at 15–20 MET-hours/week for leisure-time activity. These findings suggest that high levels of total physical activity, leisure-time activity, vigorous activity, occupational activity, walking and bicycling combined and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced risk of developing heart failure.

Health behaviors (HBs) among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.

e24044 Background: HNC affects more than 59,000 Americans annually and is mediated by HBs both in terms of etiology and long term outcomes. Health behaviors in this population, however, have not been well described. This project describes HBs as a first step in developing appropriate interventions to improve health and, ultimately, outcomes among HNC survivors. Methods: Potential participants were identified through the tumor registry at the Abramson Cancer Center as well as affiliated sites. Eligibility included: a) Diagnosis and treatment of HNC; b) Aged 18 to 70 years; c) more than 1 year post-diagnosis; d) Confirmation of human papillomavirus (HPV) status; e) Ability to understand written English. Potential participants were sent an explanation of the study, informed consent, a self-reported questionnaire, and a self-addressed stamped envelope for return of materials. HBs included items recommended by Glasgow et al. assessing diet, aerobic activity, strength-flexibility, leisure time activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and access to a physician. Results: 451 individuals were found to be eligible and approached. 102 (23%) agreed to participate and usable data were collected from 93 participants. The sample was predominantly white (96%), male (80%), middle aged (M = 59 yrs), married (82%), college educated (63%), and 63% reported an annual income of greater than $100,000. 74% were HPV positive. Although current smoking was rare (7%), historical use of tobacco was common (48%). Current alcohol use was also common (65%) with an average of 12 days per month in which alcohol was consumed. Participants reported an average of 2.1 drinks per day. Binge drinking was reported by 22% of those who drank, with an average of 3.5 binge drinking sessions per month. Scores on our measure of nutritional behavior range from 0-16 with lower scores indicating better nutrition. The sample mean was 7.1. According to body mass index (BMI) 59% were overweight or obese. With respect to the overall sample, 59% reported adequate aerobic exercise and 64% adequate strength and flexibility. In terms of leisure time activity, 18% would be classified as sedentary, 19% as moderately active, and 64% as active. All participants reported having a current primary care physician and 92% reported having had a physical examination in the previous 12 months. Conclusions: Binge drinking and BMI appear to be the most common negative HBs in this population, although there remain opportunities to improve dietary and exercise behaviors, as well.

Leisure Activity Participation Pattern Among Klang Community

The main purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of participation of Klang community towards leisure time activity. This study involved 421 total respondents in Klang. The methodology used was quantitative method and the instrument of the questionnaire was adapted and adopted from Godin and Shephard, (1997). Besides, the results also showed facility near a community that may be used by them and the questionnaire was adapted and adopted from Sylvia, (2004). The results showed a different group of people run different patterns of activity as these activities counted daily in a week. Overall Klang community had chosen activities in house as their most done activities such as surfing the internet and cooking. Besides, the different groups of gender used to run different sports activities same goes to a different group of ages as badminton and futsal were most sports activities done by the community. In conclusion, a different group of gender and ages run different patterns of activities in Klang.

Educational differentials in domain specific physical activity by ethnicity, age, and gender: findings from over 44,000 participants in The UK Household Longitudinal Study (2013-2015)

BackgroundThe prevalence of overall physical inactivity remains high, particularly amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. It is unclear however if such inequalities vary systematically by age, sex, or ethnicity, and if there are differing effects across physical activity (PA) domains.MethodsWe used data from a nationally representative survey of the UK, Understanding Society, with information on educational attainment (our indicator of socioeconomic position), PA and demographics collected in 2013-2015 (N= 44,903). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test associations of education with three different PA domains (active travel, occupational and leisure time). To examine modification of the associations between education and physical activity in each domain by sex, age and ethnicity, we tested two-way interaction terms (education x ethnicity; education x sex; education x age).ResultsLower educational attainment was associated with higher active transportation and occupational physical activity, but lower weekly leisure-time activity. These associations were modified by sex, ethnicity, and age. For example, education-related differences in active travel were larger for females (difference in predicted probability of activity between highest and lowest educational groups: −10% in females, (95% CI: −11.9, 7.9) −3% in males (−4.8, −0.4). The education-related differences in occupational activity were larger among males −35% (−36.9, −32.4) than females −17% (−19.4, −15.0). Finally, education related differences in moderate to vigorous leisure time activity varied most substantially by ethnicity; for example, differences were 17% (16.2, 18.7) for White individuals compared with 6% (0.6, 11.6) for Black individuals.ConclusionsEducational differences in PA vary by domain, and are modified by age, sex, and ethnicity. A better understanding of physically inactive sub-groups may aid development of tailored interventions to increase activity levels and reduce health inequalities.