PENERAPAN METODE LINEAR PROGRAMMING DALAM PENENTUAN KOMBINASI POTONGAN PADA PEKERJAAN BEKISTING DI PROYEK X

ABSTRACTConventional formwork using wood as the main material. Installation of wooden planks requires planned cuts to match the planned dimensions. One method that can be used to calculate the optimal result of selection of chunks is the linear programming method. First, determine the size of the combination of pieces that allow it to be done and according to the planned dimensions. Secondly, it modeled a single equation that optimizes the use of wooden planks after determining the size. Lastly, it outlines limiting equations to optimize wooden planks in the provision of materials for 3 floors and reuse 3 times. From modeling linear programming obtained for the provision of 3 floors material and reuse 3 times required wooden board as much as 2310.05 sheets, provision of 2 floors material and reuse 3 times required wooden board as much as 1925.04 sheets and provision of materials 2 floors and Reuse 4 times the required wooden board as much as 1540.03 sheets. The results of the comparison between the calculation of the area of work with linear programming modeling showed a decrease in the need for wood planks by 2.7%.ABSTRAKPekerjaan bekisting konvensional menggunakan kayu sebagai material utama. Agar pemasangan dari papan kayu dapat dilakukan dengan baik diperlukan perencanaan pemotongan yang sesuai dengan dimensi yang direncanakan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung hasil optimal pemilihan potongan adalah metode linear programming. Pertama, menentukan ukuran dari kombinasi potongan yang memungkinan untuk dilakukan dan sesuai dengan dimensi yang direncanakan. Kedua, memodelkan satu persamaan yang mengoptimalisasi penggunaan papan kayu setelah menentukan ukuran tersebut. Terakhir, menguraikan persamaan-persamaan yang membatasi untuk mengoptimalisasi papan kayu dalam penyediaan material untuk 3 lantai dan reuse 3 kali. Dari pemodelan linear programming didapatkan untuk penyediaan material 3 lantai dan reuse 3 kali diperlukan papan kayu sebanyak 2310,05 lembar, penyediaan material 2 lantai dan reuse 3 kali diperlukan papan kayu sebanyak 1925,04 lembar dan penyediaan material 2 lantai dan reuse 4 kali diperlukan papan kayu sebanyak 1540,03 lembar. Hasil perbandingan antara perhitungan luas pekerjaan dengan pemodelan linear programming menunjukkan penurunan pembelian papan kayu sebanyak 2,7 %.

Preliminary Study of Discrimination of Human Vocal Commands in Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

Walruses seem to use various acoustic signals in social context. So, the auditory faculty is seems to be important for walruses. Can walruses understand another animals' vocal information using auditory sense? This study tested whether a male walrus could discriminate human vocal words and perform different actions corresponding to each one under various conditions. The subject, a male walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) named Pou, was set on the ground, and the experimenter spoke one of the ten words to the subject under the following conditions; (1) The experimenter stood close to the subject and spoke each vocal stimulus wearing a black cloak and goggles so that the experimenter's eye and body movements would not influence the subject's behavior, (2) A wooden board was placed between the experimenter and the subject so that the subject could not see the experimenter, (3) A wooden board was placed between the experimenter and the subject so that the subject could not to see the experimenter, and the experimenter uttered each vocal stimulus through an audio speaker. Under each condition, when the subject performed the correct action corresponding to the vocal stimulus, he was rewarded with a piece of fish. As a result, the subject responded correctly to almost all the human vocal stimuli in every condition, including when the speaker was not visible. This means that he was indeed responding to the vocal words and not the experimenter's cues. This study demonstrated that walruses can hear and identify human vocal words using their auditory sense and can form correspondence between vocal words and their meanings.

The Englishization of Materiality in the Linguistic Landscape of a Southern Jordanian City

This article investigates the interrelationship between English used on signs and materiality in the linguistic landscape (LL) of a touristic Jordanian town, Petra. Its aim is to analyze how the materials that signs are made of reflect recurrent practices of identity formation and numerous socio-cultural norms in the Jordanian tourism context. The signs were first coded according to language, and then categorized within the framework of material practices enacted by sign designers. The results show that signs written on stone and metal surfaces often displaying English in uppercase letters and replicating governmental practices convey a sense of quality, continuity and permanence within economic and tourism-centered ideologies and polices; the visibility of English painted on wooden board signs is evidence of the creativity further manifested in block capitals to denote a sense of freshness and newness; signs printed and hand-written on paper often appearing in uppercase letters manifest the dynamic nature of the LL, ensuring the flow of special offers and even linguistic and non-linguistic changes; most remarkably, monolingual English signs painted inside sand bottles symbolize important environmental, historical, and cultural information on the ancient city of Petra, which contributes significantly to the popularity of Petra as a worldwide tourist destination among members of the tourist population, particularly the international visitors.

O toacă unicat din Maramureș - România. Note despre istoria acestui instrument la români

The semantron (“toaca” in Romanian language), the oldest musical instrument being in use since Neolithic and documented 4000 years ago, has entered in the Christian Church during the first centuries A.D., surviving in the Orthodox Church until today. In the Romanian History, the semantron is clearly attested since 17 century. About the semantron are preserved many myths, the most important being the stories related to Noah, the Patriarch, who has used it during the building of the Ark, as a powerful remedy for chasing away the Devil who has repeatedly destroyed the vessel. This particular tale is depicted also on a unique 1806’s fresco preserved on Bârsana-Jbâr (Maramureş, Romania) wooden church’s walls. There are three types of classic semantrons: fixed, movable and metallic ones, but the paper presents also the sophisticated semantrons from Rouen Cathedral (France), built in the year 1571 and restored recently, respectively the complex instruments from Matyijovo respectively Pidvinohragyiv villages of Transcarpathia (Ukraine), photographed in the 1920’s. Both last examples have the same operating principle: a horizontal axe equipped with paddles, is twisted with the crank, seting in motion several upstanding mallets, which are strucking the wooden plank. The most special semantron is actually the one from Strâmtura (Maramureş, Romania), identified recently by the author in the village wooden church’s attic: on the horizontal axe is rooted a round disk provided with six mobile round mallets which, when the crank is twisted, are strucking the wooden board positioned bellow the assembly. This absolutely singular semantron, remembering the solar disk, whose age and source of inspiration remain unknown (perhaps it was influenced by the simple or even by the astronomical church clocks), it deserves to be restored and preserved in the original place where it was found: the 17 century wooden church from Strâmtura, a valuable National Historic Monument.

Akulturasi Budaya Arsitektur Masjid Sendang Duwur

Mosque of Sendang Duwur is broadcasting cultural heritage Sunan Sendang Duwur acculturated with the architectural vernacular of traditional Javanese and Hindu culture. This paper uses research methods descriptive analysis by describing the components of the mosque as analysis and interpretation. So that encountered a form of acculturation appears in the Sendang Duwur mosque architecture of the building is typical Joglo Javanese building forms, which were disputed by the four pillar , mustaka on the roof of the mosque bertumpang three similar buildings Meru in Hindu, the arch-shaped mihrab mosque Kalamakara like a temple, a mosque pulpit carved Jepara florish and the lotus -shaped , arch -shaped monument mosque briefly remind clicking on the shape of the building in the complex kedathon kori the Hindu kingdom. In the foyer there is candrasengkala Javanese writing on a wooden board that reads: gurhaning sarira tirta hayu ( 1483 S = 1561 AD)---Masjid Sendang Duwur adalah jejak peninggalan dakwah kultural Sunan Sendang Duwur yang gaya aristekturnya berakulturasi antara vernacular tradisi Jawa dengan Hindu.Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskripsi analisis dengan mendeskripsikan komponen-komponen masjid kemudian dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan. Dalam kajian ini ditemukan bahwa Masjid Sendang Duwur berarsitektur Joglo dengan empat soko guru yang menyanggah bangunan masjid merepresentasikan bangunan khas vulnacular daerah Jawa. Mustaka pada atap masjid bertumpang tiga mirip meru pada bangunan Hindu, mihrab masjid yang berbentuk lengkungan kalamakara seperti candi, mimbar masjid berukiran Jepara berbentuk florish dan bunga teratai, gapura masjid berbentuk tugu bentar mengingatkan pada bentuk bangunan kori pada kedathon di komplek Kerajaan Hindu. Pada serambi terdapat candrasengkala tulisan Jawa pada sebuah papan kayu yang berbunyi:gurhaning sarira tirta hayu (1483 S=1561 M).