Determination of Land Fund for the Development of Static Road Traffic Demand in Hanoi (Vietnam)

Determining a reasonable proportion of land fund for urban static traffic will meet the currentneeds and future development of urban areas, contributing to improving the operational quality of urbantransport systems and improve the quality of life of people in urban areas [1]. Hanoi, the capital of VietNam, is facing difficulties in meeting the land fund for static traffic development. In 2020, the city's landfund meets only 38.73% of the demand for traffic system development in general, static traffic in particular[2]. By using a regression model on the relationship between GDP per capita and demand for means oftransport in Hanoi, the article forcats the demand for urban static traffic development in Hanoi city,demand demand for land fund for its static traffic development to 2025 and 2030. From the forecast results,the article proposes some solutions on meeting the land fund demand for static traffic development inorder to achieve efficiency of the government's policis on static traffic development in Hanoi.

Computation of Polynomial Degree-Based Topological Descriptors of Indu-Bala Product of Two Paths

Cheminformatics is entirely a newly coined term that encompasses a field that includes engineering computer sciences along with basic sciences. As we all know, vertices and edges form a network whereas vertex and its degrees contribute to joining edges. The degree of vertex is very much dependent on a reasonable proportion of network properties. There is no doubt that a network has to have a reliance of different kinds of hub buses, serials, and other connecting points to constitute a system that is the backbone of cheminformatics. The Indu-Bala product of two graphs G 1 and G 2 has a special notation as described in Section 2. The attainment of this product is very much due to related vertices at to different places of G 1 ∨ G 2 . This study states we have found M-polynomial and degree-based topological indices for Indu-Bala product of two paths P k and P j for j , k ≥ 2 . We also give some graphical representation of these indices and analyzed them graphically.

Anti-Proliferative Effects of E2F1 Suppression in Glioblastoma Cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor; surgery, radiation, and temozolomide still remain the main treatments. There is evidence that E2F1 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including GBM. E2F1 is a transcription factor that controls the cell cycle progression and regulates DNA damage responses and the proliferation of pluripotent and neural stem cells. To test the potentiality of E2F1 as molecular target for GBM treatment, we suppressed the <i>E2F1</i> gene (siRNA) in the U87MG cell line, aiming to inhibit cellular proliferation and modulate the radioresistance of these cells. Following E2F1 suppression, associated or not with gamma-irradiation, several assays (cell proliferation, cell cycle analysis, neurosphere counting, and protein expression) were performed in U87MG cells grown as monolayer or neurospheres. We found that siE2F1-suppressed cells showed reduced cell proliferation and increased cell death (sub-G1 fraction) in monolayer cultures, and also a significant reduction in the number of neurospheres. In addition, in irradiated cells, E2F1 suppression caused similar effects, with reduction of the number of neurospheres and neurosphere cell numbers relative to controls; these results suggest that E2F1 plays a role in the maintenance of GBM stem cells, and our results obtained in neurospheres are relevant within the context of radiation resistance. Furthermore, E2F1 suppression inhibited or delayed GBM cell differentiation by maintaining a reasonable proportion of CD133+ cells when grown at differentiation condition. Therefore, E2F1 proved to be an interesting molecular target for therapeutic intervention in U87MG cells.

INCIDENTAL LEARNING OF SINGLE WORDS AND COLLOCATIONS THROUGH VIEWING AN ACADEMIC LECTURE

Academic lectures are potential sources of vocabulary learning for second language learners studying at universities where English is the medium of instruction, as well as those in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs. Topic-related vocabulary is likely to occur frequently in academic texts, and academic speech consists of a reasonable proportion of frequently occurring sequences of words. Yet no intervention studies have explored the potential for learning single words and collocations through viewing a video of an unmodified academic lecture. To address this gap, this study collected data from 55 EAP learners in China, following a pretest-posttest design. The experimental group (n = 28) watched a video of an academic lecture in which 50 target single words and 19 target collocations were presented while the control group (n = 27) received no treatment. Results show that viewing the lecture led to significant learning gains of single words at the meaning recall level and collocations at the form recognition level. Frequency of occurrence in the lecture appeared to significantly contribute to the learning of single words but not the learning of collocations. Prior knowledge of general vocabulary appeared to make no significant contribution to the learning of single words and collocations.

25. Interim Payments

This chapter discusses the rules on interim payments. An order for interim payment is an order for payment of a sum of money by a defendant on account of any damages, debt, or other sum which the court may hold the defendant liable to pay. Such orders are likely to be made in claims where it appears that the claimant will achieve at least some success, and where it would be unjust to delay, until after the trial, payment of the money to which the claimant appears to be entitled. The amount ordered must not exceed a reasonable proportion of the likely final award taking into account any counterclaim and contributory negligence.

Optimal Planned Electricity Allocation Model for Power Exchange Under the Plan-Market Double-Track Mechanism

The orderly deregulation of planned electricity generation and consumption is an important measure for electricity market reform in several countries (such as China), and a reasonable proportion of planned electricity in the total energy consumption is conducive to the smooth transition from the regulation mode to the market mode. Under the plan-market double-track mechanism (PMDM) implemented, a modified linear bidding function of generation companies (GCs) is first proposed, and the unified clearing price of unilateral generation market is determined accordingly. Second, considering the robust bidding strategies of generation companies, a bi-level optimal planned electricity allocation model for power exchange (PX) is constructed. In the upper level, the proportion of planned electricity is optimized by PX to minimize the CVaR of Lerner Index (LI), so as to maintain the market power at a low level. In the lower level, based on the robust optimization theory and the prediction of rival bidding, the bidding strategy of a GC is optimized by solving a specified max–min problem. Simulations based on data from a provincial electricity market in China illustrate that the market power can be reduced through a reasonable proportion of planned electricity designed by the PX. In addition, when more GCs tend to avoid a market risk, the proportion of planned electricity can be increased accordingly.

Moisture Characteristics of Improved Gravelly Guest Soil for Bio-slope-engineering

This paper explores the reasonable proportion of guest soil in bio-slope-engineering by means of proportional experiments. In the experiment, rubble and improved materials such as peat and water-retaining agent were selected to study the effect of peat and water-retaining agent content on moisture constant, permeability coefficient and water absorption rate of guest soil.The measurements showed that peat and absorbent agent improve effective water capacity and water absorption speed of guest soil, thus guest soil absorb and hold more effective water; however, with the increase of peat content, wilting moisture capacity of guest soil will increase and its permeability coefficient will also enlarge, which is a disadvantage to plants survival in drought conditions and slope stability in rainy seasons. According to guest soil’s proportional experiments and field test, the favorable amount of rubble, peat, absorbent agent and aggregate agent, is 80%, 20%, 1.0‰ and 1.0‰, respectively, and the reasonable content of fertilizer in guest soil is 100 g/m2. The results may guide the design and construction of Guest soil spraying for bio- slope-engineering.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Hydraulic Barrier Bottom Plug for Deep Excavations: A Case Study

In Vietnam, the solution of designing and constructing deep foundation pits with the geology of sandy or clayey sand is very difficult, especially in case soil mix mud. In some deep foundation pits, the unreasonable treatment solution causes the bottom plug of the foundation pit to be pushed up to the foundation pit or not to pump a foundation pit dried. Solving those problems, this article introduces a particular case study, sealing the bottom of the foundation pit for no 14 of Yen Xa drainage works with the Jet grouted bottom plug hydraulic barriers. To treat the soft soil layer, mix organic without breaking the upper soil layers, this solution uses Jet-grouting technology with a mixture of materials including cement, fly ash, blast furnace slag, lime in a reasonable proportion to ensure waterproof and not uplift the massive bottom plug hydraulic barriers when excavating soil in the pit. Results of calculation and acceptance after the foundation pit is completed show that this is a good solution, high reliability and can be applied to seal the bottom of the foundation pit in similar geological conditions.

International Humanitarian Law and Military Intervention: Reflections on Operation Allied Forces in the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999

Military intervention is a crucial tool used to compel nation states to abide by the principles of international law. The United Nations, through its Charter (Chapter VII) authorises the use of force by the UN and or regional organisations as a legitimate scheme of settling international disputes. A closer look on the majority of these interventions, however, shows that the conduct of the forces taking part in these interventions turn to violate some crucial principles of international law. Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 to the 1949 Geneva protocols provides for the regulations in terms of the conduct of forces in an armed conflict to minimise civilian carnage and injuries as well as damage on civilian objects. This paper assessed the effectiveness of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in cases of a military intervention. The study was a case study focusing on the experiences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) forces that intervened in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1999. The study depended on secondary sources of information. The paper reveals that forces taking part in these operations normally harm civilian population and objects beyond reasonable proportion if they do not pay attention to the details on the ground. The paper then recommends that more should be done to uphold and adhere to the provisions of Chapter VI of the UN Charter while ensuring that forces taking part in military interventions are parties to key international legislations that govern their conduct to prevent states from purposefully violate the law.

25. Interim Payments

This chapter discusses the rules on interim payments. An order for interim payment is an order for payment of a sum of money by a defendant on account of any damages, debt, or other sum which the court may hold the defendant liable to pay. Such orders are likely to be made in claims where it appears that the claimant will achieve at least some success, and where it would be unjust to delay, until after the trial, payment of the money to which the claimant appears to be entitled. The amount ordered must not exceed a reasonable proportion of the likely final award taking into account any counterclaim and contributory negligence.