Inherent Parallelism and Speedup Estimation of Sequential Programs

Although several automated Parallel Conversion solutions are available, very few have attempted, to provide proper estimates of the available Inherent Parallelism and expected Parallel Speedup. CALIPER which is the outcome of this research work is a parallel performance estimation technology that can fill this void. High level language structures such as Functions, Loops, Conditions, etc which ease program development, can be a hindrance for effective performance analysis. We refer to these program structures as the Program Shape. As a preparatory step, CALIPER attempts to remove these shape related hindrances, an activity we refer to as Program Shape Flattening. Programs are also characterized by dependences that exist between different instructions and impose an upper limit on the parallel conversion gains. For parallel estimation, we first group instructions that share dependences, and add them to a class we refer to as Dependence Class or Parallel Class. While instructions belonging to a class run sequentially, the classes themselves run in parallel. Parallel runtime, is now the runtime of the class that runs the longest. We report performance estimates of parallel conversion as two metrics. The inherent parallelism in the program is reported, as Maximum Available Parallelism (MAP) and the speedup after conversion as Speedup After Parallelization (SAP).

Parallel Class Ranking Model Using Analytic Hierarchy Process With Multi Criteria

Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Banyuwangi using a worksheet which can lead to error occurrences and slow decision making. A system for decision support that can improve the ranking process and quality were developed in this paper. The proposed system implemented the codeigniter framework, MySQL database, and PHP programming language. The system provided three user roles which are teacher, student, and administrator role. These four parameters are used as ranking system input, including academic values, non-academic values, violation scores, and student attendance. The ranking process was conducted by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The developed decision support system was tested using two ways: the black box testing method and providing questionnaires. Black box testing result shows that the system has functionally worked, while user’s questionnaire gives 92,29% well accepted by users. The results show that the decision support system can help manage values and determine the parallel ranking list.

An active workout time of students during physical education classes applying different organizational-methodical forms of work

Physical education teaching is recognized as one of the key factors in promoting and increasing the physical activity of children and youth. However, the analysis of studies dealing with the students physical activity in physical education classes in primary school, showed that the share of time that students spend in physical activity in classes does not meet half of the total time duration of the class. Therefore, an active workout time of students during physical education classes was chosen to be the subject of this research. The goal of this research was to establish an active workout time of students in relation to different organizational-methodical forms of work in the main phase of the physical education class. Also, the goal of this research was to assess the activity of a physical education teacher in the physical and health education class, in relation to the applied organizational-methodical form of work. The research was conducted on a sample of 22 fifth grade elementary school students, where three classes of sports gymnastics were held. For providing information about students' physical activity and teacher's didactic-methodical activity, validated instrument SOFIT was used. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It is determined that an active workout time of students in each class was over 50% of the total time duration of the class. The students' most active workout time was during a parallel-class form of exercises - 24.17 min, or 65.32%, in comparison with the total time of the class. During additional exercises, activity was 57.21%, while the shortest active time was during stops method (56.62%). The teacher spent most of the time giving instructions to the students, where, while applying a parallel-class form of exercises this task was using 49.55% of the total time of class, stops method 44.66% and additional exercises 36.04%. The rest of the time, the teacher was using "promotion of fitness" (encouraging students) and exercise assistance.

Project Citizen Model as Character Education Strengthening

This study aims to see the effectiveness of the use of the Project Citizen model as strengthening character education in the learning of Pancasila and Citizenship Education. This research is the experimental research. The model is applied to parallel class XII in State Senior High School (SMAN) 8 Pontianak. Class XII IPS 1 and class XII IPS3. Students of class XII IPS 1 were treated by learning the Project Citizen model and class XII IPS 3 by learning ordinary classical models (the teacher used the lecture and question and answer method). Character values seen are religious, independent, cooperation, integrity, and nationalist values. Based on the results of the t-test on the Expansion class and the Control class, the value of t sig (2-tailed) of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05 so that Ho is rejected. It means that there is a significant difference in strengthening character education in the experimental class using a project citizen model with control who use ordinary learning and effect size. From this study, it is known that the impact of enhancing character education in the XII IPS class of SMAN 8 Pontianak is equal to 1 in the high category, thus learning with the Project citizen model is effective as a reinforcement of character education.

Pre-service Biology teacher’s Perception about Evolution Learning at Senior High School: A Case Study of Biology Education Students’ at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Evolution is one of biology material that learn in senior high school. Many differences on understanding evolution theory give effect this material cannot be taught optimally. The main factor that cause it is religiousity and the low of teachers’ background knowledge. This research conducted to analyze biology preservice teacher about evolutionary learning at senior high school. This descriptive research did at Biology Education Study Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta on August 2016 until January 2017. Population were students of Biology Education Study Program Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta on semester five in academic year 2015/2016 that took evolutionary course in two parallel class with total 47 students. Sampling used total sampling. Data was the result of students’ last paper analysis. The result showed that 100% students said that evolution material is needed and important to teach for senior high school students; with various reason. For the method of teaching evolution, 75% students suggest that evolution should be teach by some interesting methods. Furthermore, students (±20%) also gave opinion that evolution can be taught by using prehistoric site, such as Sangiran and Trinil to give direct experience to them.

The major synthetic evolutionary transitions

Evolution is marked by well-defined events involving profound innovations that are known as ‘major evolutionary transitions'. They involve the integration of autonomous elements into a new, higher-level organization whereby the former isolated units interact in novel ways, losing their original autonomy. All major transitions, which include the origin of life, cells, multicellular systems, societies or language (among other examples), took place millions of years ago. Are these transitions unique, rare events? Have they instead universal traits that make them almost inevitable when the right pieces are in place? Are there general laws of evolutionary innovation? In order to approach this problem under a novel perspective, we argue that a parallel class of evolutionary transitions can be explored involving the use of artificial evolutionary experiments where alternative paths to innovation can be explored. These ‘synthetic’ transitions include, for example, the artificial evolution of multicellular systems or the emergence of language in evolved communicating robots. These alternative scenarios could help us to understand the underlying laws that predate the rise of major innovations and the possibility for general laws of evolved complexity. Several key examples and theoretical approaches are summarized and future challenges are outlined. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The major synthetic evolutionary transitions’.