Social Entrepreneurship Typologies

Despite the increasing research in the field of social entrepreneurship (SE), unfortunately there is not yet consensus on its conceptualization. The main points of disagreement are related to the business mission and to the source of income. Based on these two dimensions and a bottom-up approach, this chapter contributes to previous literature by proposing and empirically exploring a categorization of three types of social entrepreneurs—socially responsible entrepreneur (SRE), social enterprise entrepreneur (SEE), and social initiative entrepreneur (SIE)—which is applied empirically to explore the social entrepreneurs' personal characteristics (gender, age, and education), similarities, and differences. Multinomial logistic regressions are applied on an international sample of GEM data that includes 11,280 commercial entrepreneurs and 3,373 social entrepreneurs. The findings of the study will permit researchers and practitioners to understand previous empirical findings on social entrepreneurship more clearly and to advance in the study of this evolving phenomenon.

The Effect Of Intellectual Humility, Multicultural Personality, and Religious Orientation Toward Religious Tolerance On Students Of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

This study aims to determine the influence of intellectual humility, multicultural personality (cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, flexibility, and social initiative), religious orientation (quest religiousness, intrinsic religiousness, and extrinsic religiousness) toward religious tolerance on students of the Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta. Participants in this study involved 360 students using non-probability sampling as a sampling technique. As for religious tolerance measuring instrument uses a measuring instrument from RT Witenberg`s theory with modified into the scale. The intellectual humility variable uses the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (CHIS), the multicultural personality variable uses the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire Short Form (the MPQ-SF) and the religious orientation variable uses the Introduction to the New Indices of Religious Orientation (NIRO). The findings show a significant influence between intellectual humility, multicultural personality, and religious orientation toward religious tolerance with a proportion of variance of about 51%. The four significant variables are intellectual humility, cultural empathy, open-mindedness, intrinsic religiousness. While the influence of emotional stability, flexibility, social initiative, quest religiousness, and extrinsic religiousness has no significant effect. multicultural personality and religious orientation toward religious tolerance with a proportion of variance of about 51%. The four significant variables are intellectual humility, cultural empathy, open-mindedness, intrinsic religiousness. While the influence of emotional stability, flexibility, social initiative, quest religiousness, and extrinsic religiousness has no significant effect. multicultural personality and religious orientation toward religious tolerance with a proportion of variance of about 51%. The four significant variables are intellectual humility, cultural empathy, open-mindedness, intrinsic religiousness. While the influence of emotional stability, flexibility, social initiative, quest religiousness, and extrinsic religiousness has no significant effect.

Formation of social initiative of students by means of coaching technology

This article reveals the method of developing of social initiative with the help of coaching technology. The article describes an empirical study conducted by the authors that demonstrates the effectiveness of using coaching technology as an innovative method of developing students’ social initiative. The authors confirm the urgency of the study, focusing on the fact that the content of the requirements imposed on a person by the social environment has changed, and in modern Russia, university graduates should be independent and their work which is carried out within the framework of the program for the development of youth social initiative is effective.

A Holistic Educational Philosophy Embodying Conscious Citizenship

The chapter outlines a philosophy of education that is holistic and embodies conscious citizenship. Students educated with this philosophy in mind are resilient, internationally minded, and interested in improving life and living on the planet. Institutions which aim to mold such citizens consider that educating mind, body, and spirit are essential, as well as providing opportunities for students to develop on a continuum of social awareness, social engagement, social commitment, and social initiative. Transforming mindsets in educational institutions necessitates faculty to be reflective practitioners and requires the designing of programs that empower purposeful living. Ultimately such institutions are transformative; they move beyond success to empowering continuous transformation. Such institutions can lead to the development of citizens who not only work (action) towards the common good but contribute to the common good in the way that they live life (being).

Potencjał kooperacji turystycznej i piłkarskiej w państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

This article takes up the innovatory subject of cooperation in the field of football and the tourism sector by the Visegrad Group states. The subject matter of this study has not been widely discussed in the literature, hence most of de lege ferenda postulates are open to further discussion. The current Visegrad Group was created as a political project, not an evolutionary social initiative. This does not mean, however, that the societies of its member states are significantly different from each other, and the structure itself is exotic. The benefits of an extended cooperation, which seems not to have an alternative, for all the participants are fully understood. Therefore, the direction of common thinking about maximizing profits in the developing sector of tourism, and making the most of the social potential of football, can be an attractive platform for international dialogue and extended cooperation among the V4 countries. The baggage of history, geographic and cultural proximity, the migration crisis, as well as the imperialist policy of the neighbouring Russia effectively motivate to strengthen cooperation and create stronger mechanisms with each other. It is indisputable that the tendencies for cooperation in the Visegrad countries are not a novelty.

Effects of CSR initiatives on company perceptions among Millennial and Gen Z consumers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine Millennial consumers’ responses to two corporate social initiative types – socially responsible business practices and corporate philanthropy – in combination with proactive and reactive CSR communication strategies. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (corporate philanthropy/socially responsible business practices) ×2 (proactive/reactive CSR communication) between-subjects experiment was conducted. Findings The socially responsible business practices were largely perceived more positively than the philanthropic initiatives. Likewise, greater public-serving motives were attributed to the socially responsible business practices compared to the philanthropy. While philanthropic initiatives were perceived more negatively when communicated reactively, there were no significant differences between proactive and reactive socially responsible business practices. Originality/value As an attempt to initiate the comparative examination of the effects of different corporate social initiative types, this study suggests outperformance of the socially responsible business practices type of corporate social initiatives over the resources-giving (i.e. philanthropy) type of initiatives even in the reactive communication setting where reputational threat resides.