The typological change of motion expressions in Chinese revisited

This paper reports on a corpus-based study aimed at reexamining the typological status and diachronic change of motion expressions in Chinese, drawing on parallel texts consisting of autonomous motion expressions in Old Chinese (OC) and its Modern Chinese (MoC) translation. The results show that MoC significantly differs from OC both in the preference of lexicalization patterns (Talmyan typology) and semantic components distributed in discourse (Slobinian typology) when narrating similar motion scenes. However, these results fail to support the viewpoint that Chinese has undergone a change from a verb- to a satellite-frame (Li 1993; Talmy 2000; Peyraube 2006; Shi & Wu 2014). It is argued that (i) the Talmyan typology and the Slobinian typology should be treated separately. In Talmyan typology, the diachrony of Chinese demonstrates the change of a V- to a parallel-frame, in that satellite- and verb-framed constructions in MoC have equal frequency and show no bias for the encoding of subtypes of autonomous motion. In Slobinian typology, MoC remains as a Path-salient language, as it gives considerable weight to the expression of Path; (ii) the dominant lexicalization pattern in a language varies from one sub-domain of motion to another (see also Lamarre 2003), and thus the typology of motion expressions is sub-domain-specific; and (iii) motivating forces and blocking forces, furthermore, co-exist diachronically for the typological evolution of motion encoding due to the idiosyncrasy of the morphosyntactic system.

Extension of General Relativity

Nonlocal general relativity (GR) requires an extension of the mathematical framework of GR. Nonlocal GR is a tetrad theory such that the orthonormal tetrad frame field of a preferred set of observers carries the sixteen gravitational degrees of freedom. The spacetime metric is then defined via the orthonormality condition. The preferred frame field is used to define a new linear Weitzenböck connection in spacetime. The non-symmetric Weitzenböck connection is metric compatible, curvature-free and renders the preferred (fundamental) frame field parallel. This circumstance leads to teleparallelism. The fundamental parallel frame field defined by the Weitzenböck connection is the natural generalization of the parallel frame fields of the static inertial observers in a global inertial frame in Minkowski spacetime. The Riemannian curvature of the Levi-Civita connection and the torsion of the Weitzenböck connection are complementary aspects of the gravitational field in extended GR.

Parallel frame of non-lightlike curves in Minkowski space-time

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate parallel frames of non-lightlike curves in Minkowski space-time. For this purpose, the relations between Frenet–Serret frame and parallel frame of a given non-lightlike curve are discussed in four different cases. Then, the curvature, first and second torsion functions κ(s), τ(s), σ(s) and principal curvature functions k1(s), k2(s), k3(s) are expressed in terms of the angles α, β and θ.

Integrable systems with unitary invariance from non-stretching geometric curve flows in the Hermitian symmetric space Sp(n)/U(n)

A moving parallel frame method is applied to geometric non-stretching curve flows in the Hermitian symmetric space Sp(n)/U(n) to derive new integrable systems with unitary invariance. These systems consist of a bi-Hamiltonian modified Korteweg-de Vries equation and a Hamiltonian sine-Gordon (SG) equation, involving a scalar variable coupled to a complex vector variable. The Hermitian structure of the symmetric space Sp(n)/U(n) is used in a natural way from the beginning in formulating a complex matrix representation of the tangent space 𝔰𝔭(n)/𝔲(n) and its bracket relations within the symmetric Lie algebra (𝔲(n), 𝔰𝔭(n)).

Presentation, Design and Application of a New Parallel Frame Synchronization Scheme

To solve the problems of frame sync words gotten unstably and short frame synchronization state decision time, a new parallel frame synchronization scheme is presented. The proposed method improves the robustness and state decision performance of the frame synchronization system. The method is implemented and verified in a high-speed satellite communication system. Based on that practical application, a multi-channel parallel frame synchronization design method is given for even higher speed data communication systems.

Smartphone Household Wireless Electroencephalogram Hat

Rudimentarybrain machine interfacehas existed for the gaming industry. Here, we propose a wireless, real-time, and smartphone-based electroencephalogram (EEG) system for homecare applications. The system uses high-density dry electrodes and compressive sensing strategies to overcome conflicting requirements between spatial electrode density, temporal resolution, and spatiotemporal throughput rate.Spatial sparsenessis addressed by close proximity between active electrodes and desired source locations and using an adaptive selection ofNactive among10Npassive electrodes to formm-organized random linear combinations of readouts,m≪N≪10N.Temporal sparsenessis addressed via parallel frame differences in hardware. During the design phase, we took tethered laboratory EEG dataset and applied fuzzy logic to compute (a) spatiotemporal average of larger magnitude EEG data centers in 0.3 second intervals and (b) inside brainwave sources by Independent Component Analysis blind deconvolution without knowing the impulse response function. Our main contributions are the fidelity of quality wireless EEG data compared to original tethered data and the speed of compressive image recovery. We have compared our recovery of ill-posed inverse data against results using Block Sparse Code. Future work includes development of strategies to filter unwanted artifact from high-density EEGs (i.e., facial muscle-related events and wireless environmental electromagnetic interferences).