Identification of Key Periods of Temperature Influence on ‘Sirora’ Pistachio Nut Quality

The methodology of r contour mapping was used in this study of ‘Sirora’ pistachio (Pistacia vera) to establish whether there are any significant relationships between fruit quality characteristics in commercial pistachio production and air temperature in the year before the harvest of the crop as measured at a nearby meteorological station. The work was done near Mildura in Australia. Blank nut percentages were found to be reduced by lower minimum temperatures in mid to late August (southern hemisphere). The percentage of narrow-split nuts was decreased by higher maximum temperatures across almost the whole growing season. Damaged-shell nuts were reduced by higher average daily minimum temperatures between 26 Nov. and 3 Feb. The technique of r contour mapping is shown to have potential as a way to provide early warning of possible quality problems before harvest and as a means of generating hypotheses for future physiological studies

Models of civilizational development in the contexts of universal discourse

The topic “Russian Civilizational Development Project” is considered as a comprehen­sive and long-term research program. The formation of new models should be preceded by an analysis of the already established general discourse about civilization in all the di­versity of its main subjects and perspectives, methodological approaches and languages of description. To cover the whole in its at least approximate completeness allows the method of “contour mapping”. Long-focus optics for the first time gives an idea of the boundaries and general structure of an object. This allows to choose own perspectives in the project consciously, omitting the rest “sightedly”, not due to ignorance or blind iner­tia. The method allows to cope with a sharply expressed polysemy, including the main categories of the topic: “civilization”, “project”, “Russian”… Related subjects are con­nected: identity, the conflict of civilization and culture, “challenge and response”, the civ­ilizational choice of Russia, postcolonial ethos, attitude to project action in a postmodern situation. The factors of existence, decline and death of historical and modern civiliza­tions (“civilizational eschatology”) are emphasized. Commodity models and derivative resource societies are especially noted. The unique importance of philosophy for under­standing the full depth of the problem of “changing the vector of development”, including “from raw materials to innovative ones”, is shown. Technocratic illusions make it diffi­cult to understand that directives, operational administration, technology and finance transfer are not enough to solve such truly civilizational, historical tasks. The necessity of changes in the economy, institutional environment, politics and psychoideology associ­ated with the age-old archetypes and inertia of consciousness is shown.

Contour mapping of civilization

The article, which is a reaction to the report of A.V. Rubtsov “Russian project of civiliza­tional development: thematic structure and framework of categories”, contour mapping of structures, ways to identify the content, meaning and objectives of civilizations is dis­cussed as having theoretical and methodological significance. At the same time, the prob­lem of understanding the terms “state”, “nation”, “civilization”, “law”, and above all “history” is posed, with which the very appearance of the idea of civilization is closely connected, which can have different meanings not only in different civilizations, but also within different regions of one civilization, depriving the sense of trying to achieve con­sensus in controversial situations. The analysis of these concepts, which make up the framework of civilizations, entailed the need to identify the difference between the con­cept of New history as a designation of the border of time and Modernity as the content of the new, to show the ways of temporal shifts. Contour mapping of civilization reveals both the difference between them and their commonality, and the historicity mode, which establishes relationships and strategies of relationships between different times, allows you to create a variety of network connections: political with physical, historical, social maps that fit in the pockets of each person, etc., revealing and the similarities and unique­ness of the time in each separate region. This kind of ability to identify differentials of civilization, history or culture with the help of technically adjusted means makes it possi­ble to predict crisis moments during which any time (past, present and future) begins to lose its shape. The crisis and the awareness of the crisis make it possible to overcome his­tory as an expression of Modernity, because one cannot raise the question of the future while being inside history. The task is to correctly form the composition of the project, which should exclude attempts to create a future theory from the past. Trying to build only on the basis of a supposedly known and settled past is to doom your attempts to fail­ure: the purpose of the project is to overcome the past, the departure from which indicates that the expected changes should not be similar to the events of the past. The project is an attempt to find a language in which the future can speak.

Hydrocarbon deposit mapping validation by the means of ground-based spectrometry, remote sensing and geophysical data

The probability estimation of oil and gas inside certain area is essential for decision making on the industrial exploitation of oil and gas bearing features. A quantitative assessment of the hydrocarbon contour mapping accuracy using ground-based spectrometric measurements, remote, geological and geophysical data requires a special validation procedure. Its purpose is to evaluate achieved accuracy and reliability as well as the conformance to specified requirements. The input data for validation of the hydrocarbon deposit contour by field spectrometry are the one points’ locations relative to the other contours detected by independent methods, such as remote, geological and geophysical. As the field spectrometry performed along spatial trace, the geometric drifts of other methods’ cross-points are estimated. The algorithm for the validation of hydrocarbon deposit contour mapping by field spectrometry, remote, geological and geophysical data is proposed in this paper. The algorithm was tested on over the Novotroitsky and East Rogintsy hydrocarbon deposits (Ukraine). Measurements along 14 spatial traces over the Novotroitsky’s deposit and 28 traces over the East Rogintsy’s one was carried out to perform validation. The average error probability was 0.28, which demonstrates an admissible reliability of hydrocarbon deposits contours’ mapping by field spectrometry data. The preliminary validation estimates engagement during the hydrocarbon deposits mapping provides the fact-based statistical consistency of the quantitative measurements received. In addition, it is possible to filter the outliers reasonable before final information product release, which will enhance the overall reliability.

Study of Nitrogen Doping Effect on Lattice Strain Variation in 4H-SiC Substrates by Synchrotron X-Ray Contour Mapping Method

Variations in nitrogen doping concentration across the PVT-grown 4H-SiC wafers can induce significant lattice strain, leading to degradation on the performance of SiC-based power devices. A qualitative study on the lattice strain variation in facet and off-facet regions was carried out for 4H-SiC substrates. The lattice strain maps for 4H-SiC wafers were derived from the 11-20, 1-100 (transmission geometry) and 0008 (reflection geometry) using synchrotron double crystal contour mapping method. Results show that the lattice strain within the basal plane is isotropic, while along [0001] direction, lattice strain is one order of magnitude lower, indicating elastic anisotropy of strain due to doping in 4H-SiC crystals. The distribution of lattice strain inside the facet region is more uniform than in the off-facet region. Measurement of nitrogen doping concentration by Hall effect measurements shows over 45% of difference in doping level between heavily doped facet region and off-facet region. Existence of significant lattice distortion in facet region of 4H-SiC substrates was further confirmed by X-ray rocking curve measurements.