scholarly journals Wood Products for Cultural Uses: Sustaining Native Resilience and Vital Lifeways in Southeast Alaska, USA

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Adelaide Johnson ◽  
Audrey E. Clavijo ◽  
Glenn Hamar ◽  
Deborah-Aanutein Head ◽  
Andrew Thoms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Timber Sales

Ongoing revitalization of the >5000-year-old tradition of using trees for vital culture and heritage activities including carving and weaving affirms Alaska Native resilience. However, support for these sustained cultural practices is complicated by environmental and political factors. Carving projects typically require western redcedar (Thuja plicata) or yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) trees more than 450 years of age—a tree life stage and growth rate inconsistent with current even-aged forest management strategies. Herein, we qualitatively assess the significance of wood products to rural communities and Indigenous cultures with implications for natural heritage sustainability. In partnership with Alaska Native Tribes, we engaged local youth programs to lead community discussions throughout southeast Alaska to provide specificity to the suite of cultural activities linked to regional forest lands. Results from 58 discussions across 11 southeast Alaska communities (primarily Alaska Native participants) highlighted the cultural importance of forest products including totem poles, dugout canoes, longhouses, woven hats, and woven baskets. Findings indicated spiritual well-being, health, education, tourism, and livelihood significance attributed to these products. Participant-suggested management strategies for increasing supply and expanding access to trees on public lands included: engaging local artisans in forest planning, selecting and delivering specific trees to roads as part of ongoing timber sales, allowing bark removal prior to forest-timber sales, simplifying the tree-acquisition permit process, and setting aside cultural forest groves to sustain trees seven generations into the future. By facilitating discussions, this study fostered relevant place-based youth and community engagement, benefiting youth and enhancing community knowledge transfer while simultaneously summarizing the significance of forest products for resilient culture and heritage activities. Forest management plans aiming to support Alaska Native lifeways may benefit from improved understanding of Indigenous perspectives and worldviews; designation of “culture market values” and “culture targets” can help deliver a broad array of ecosystem services.

Tlingit geographies of hope: Clan, corporation, and sustainable economies of place

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862097437
Author(s):  
Thomas F Thornton ◽  
Ishmael Hope
Keyword(s):  
Alaska Native ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Material Base ◽  
External Funding ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Tongass National Forest ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Geographic Sources

The essay argues that geographies of hope for Tlingit communities in Southeast Alaska begin with a strong sense of place, both social and geographic. In Tlingit, the matrilineal clan—the repository of heritage, identity, and property—constitutes the collective, animate source of resilience, hope, and renewal. We examine the ways in which clans continue to operate as institutions of hope and destiny, especially through the memorial ku.éex’ or “potlatch,” a ritual of restoration and replacement. This ritual is thriving in the 21st century despite no external funding or recognition from the state. It is a wholly Tlingit institution built on socio-geographic values of sustainment of the matrilineal clan as an immortal being. What remains to be re-animated, however, is clan territory. Most Tlingit territory has been appropriated by the Tongass National Forest and Federal and Alaska state waters. Native corporations hold about 2% of the Southeast Alaska land base, and clans hold nothing except, in some cases, recognition of their historical association with particular historic sites and territories. The reinvigoration of cartography with Tlingit place names is a step toward furthering recognition of clans’ historical and contemporary ties to places in a tangible and hopeful way. Yet, culture needs a material base, and mere recognition of traditional toponyms will not be enough. Many clans seek a more substantive livelihood relationships with and custodial role over their territories, not only as sacred properties but as sources of sustainment, strength, and well-being. This requires new thinking on the part of indigenous economic institutions, like Alaska Native business corporations, along the lines of a traditional (Tlingit clan) “house,” an economic unit in the spirit of the original Greek term for economy, oikos (“house”). The integrated restoration of sociocultural, economic, and geographic sources of collective well-being will further enliven Tlingit geographies of hope.

scholarly journals Possible impact of forest product certification on the worldwide forest environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Côté
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Wood Product ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Product Certification ◽  
Marketing Tool

Supporters of forest and wood product certification are generally seeking to improve forest management and to ensure market access to forest products. Although wood products certification can be seen as an interesting marketing tool, it is doubtful whether it will improve forest management at the international level. Forest and wood product certification is already seen as a complementary tool to other existing instruments such as regulations and subsidies. However, a closer analysis shows that certification could be focused on the wrong countries, management units, scales of management, actors and problems to be potentially effective. This article aims to assess the possible impact of certification processes on the worldwide forest environment. The identification of possible limitations of forest product certification process could help to make that instrument more effective. Key words: forest certification, environmental impact

scholarly journals Protection of the Forest: A Social and Economic Imperative

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
Economic Imperative

The forest products sector is a vital segment of Quebec's economy. Until recently this sector was supported by abundant resources Today, the situation has changed. Resource shortages could soon develop in certain regions. Even if forest management is increased to moderate these shortages, the necessity to protect the forest will not diminish. On the contrary, investments cannot be made without adequate protection programs.Protection programs are not new. Fire protection was initiated in the early 1950s and has since made considerable progress.Losses from the current spruce budworm epidemic support the necessity to protect forests from insects. Insect control strategies and techniques have improved and will continue to improve in response to public pressure concerning the use of chemicals in the forest. As foresters, our challenge is not only to protect the forest but to inform the public of the necessity of protection to maintain our economic and social well being.

The efficacy of forest certification: Perceptions of Canadian forest products retailers

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (05) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Anna Tikina ◽  
Robert Kozak ◽  
John Innes ◽  
Peter Duinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Forest Stewardship Council ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Certified Wood ◽  
Forest Stewardship ◽  
Nation Wide Survey

A nation-wide survey of wood products retailers was conducted to examine their perceptions related to forest certification and its impacts in the market place. Four widely accepted forest certification standards were taken into account: International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) 14001, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Z809 Standard. The survey inquired about the economic impacts of forest certification, namely wood purchasing policies and the potential for price premiums on certified wood products. The responses indicated that most retailers had no particular purchasing policies for certified products. However, they reported up to a 20% price premium on certain certified products, although the number of consumers who request certified wood products was small (less than 10%). The retailers also indicated that the most important reasons for buying or selling certified forest products revolved around improved company image, being an environmental leader in the field, and maintaining or increasing market share. Finally, respondents felt that forest certification had minimal impacts on the social aspects of forest management, while the environmental and economic aspects of forest management were perceived to be subject to more marked changes.

Wood procurement policy: An analysis of critical issues and stakeholders

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bull ◽  
S. Nilsson ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
E. Rametsteiner ◽  
T. Hammett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Procurement Policy ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Wood Procurement ◽  
Or Organization

During the last two decades, the ecological, cultural and social values of forests have received stronger priority by society. To address the changes in values in a forest products context, major wood and non-wood retailers are being asked to develop a wood procurement policy which defines the sources from which a company or organization will or will not obtain the wood or wood products it requires. Many interest groups are actively advising companies and organizations that are currently developing wood procurement policies, and continue to urge other retailers to commit to developing such policies. However, there is a welter of inconsistent and confusing wood procurement policy terminology that has been created, and is unlikely to successfully advance the cause of sustainable forest management in the medium and long term, at least in North America. In many cases, the broader objectives of the policies are not clear and this, as well as the lack of discussion between all relevant parties, is likely to create difficulties in policy implementation and in consumer acceptance. This paper describes and analyzes the current and emerging stakeholders and the processes that are necessary for successful wood procurement policy implementation – setting objectives, developing terms and definitions, identifying indicators, linking with data available and verifying data. Particular attention is given to exploring the problems with existing terms and definitions. We conclude that definitions and data collection standards need clarification, regional differences in forests need to be recognized, methods for data validation developed, and target deadlines for full implementation of a wood procurement policy possibly extended. The next steps could be a series of meetings between key stakeholders, including the wood and non-wood industries, forest products industry, certifying and standard-setting bodies, and ENGOs. These meetings are needed to advance the discussion on definitions, standards, and data to use with the goal of effectively connecting wood procurement policy with sustainable forest management. Key words: policy, forest, wood procurement, definitions

scholarly journals Role of Indian Forest Products Industry in Climate Change Mitigation: A Managerial Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Climate change is a global environmental problem that has been associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Forest products definitely play a significant role in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, by increasing the level of carbon removals from the atmosphere. Different corporate governance systems impact the ability of industries to adopt and transform their activities to meet issues associated with climate change. Until recently, relatively little has been done, to measure the contribution made by forest-based industries to mitigate climate change. This paper focuses on outlining adaptive management strategies that enhance the ability of forests and their products to adapt to climate change and mitigate its effects through increased carbon sequestration and storage. Developing carbon credit markets that motivate true reductions in carbon emissions must address all carbon pools and their GHG emissions. To be effective in this area, the Indian management community must have a voice in defining the markets and policies, to the extent that it is of strategic interest to the future of the companies and the society. The Indian forest-based industry has a reasonable potential to sequester. However, domestic manufacturing is highly fragmented and unorganized, generally inefficiently managed, has low product quality, and lacks standardization. Nonetheless, there are various ways to positively influence the carbon balance; including sink enhancements and increasing the market share of the existing wood products. Globally, forest market is undergoing dramatic changes. The natural advantage in the forestry sector is gradually shifting away from countries with the highest levels of forest resources to countries where trees grow to commercial maturity at the fastest rate and where the cost of converting them into products is the lowest. It is thus obvious that many foreign companies view India as a country with a strong commercial appeal, both as an emerging market and as an economic partner in possible collaboration. These provide a unique link for dealing with climate change through the competitiveness of Indian forest industries and its livelihood impact. The paper advocates a greater use of wood products in all forms, substituting fossil-fuelbased products, thus mitigating carbon emissions. A policy that lowers the cost of wood, for example, could motivate manufacturers and consumers to select wood products. Many companies are facing increasing pressure by governments, shareholders, and other stakeholders to reduce their CO2 emissions. There is a need to develop a framework that conceptualizes a company's CO2 strategy as the focus on one or a combination of several strategic objectives. Companies are looking for improved communication and a clear regulatory policy from the government to provide certainty so that they know where to focus their emission-saving efforts. Improved perception of wood through a better knowledge of its environmental, sanitary, and health properties by creating a ‘wood culture,’ needs social advertising support in the form of CSR activities by Indian corporations.

Conflict at work and individual well-being: The moderating role of conflict management strategies

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. M. Dijkstra ◽  
D. van Dierendonck ◽  
A. Evers ◽  
C. K. W. de Dreu
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderating Role

scholarly journals Linking Conservation, Community Knowledge, and Adaptation to Extreme Climatic Events: A Case Study in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6478
Author(s):  
Amemarlita Matos ◽  
Laura Barraza ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Extreme Climatic Events ◽  
Water Provision

This study is based on ethnographic research that analyzes how traditional knowledge and local beliefs on biodiversity conservation relates to the local ability to adapt and be resilient to climatic changes in two communities around Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique: Nhanfisse in the buffer zone and Muanandimae in the core area. A total of 78 semi-structured interviews with heads of households were conducted. We found that both communities carried out practices and held beliefs associated with conservation, such as protecting trees and animal species considered sacred or perceived as beneficial for human life in terms of water provision and agricultural production. In addition to traditional ceremonies that respond to extreme climatic events such as drought and flood, other adaptation strategies used by the communities include moving to neighboring areas in search of better living conditions and using forest products in times of scarcity. We discuss that the management of the park should be agreed on, in a shared way, between local communities and conservation agents to ensure that these areas continue to perform the ecological, subsistence, and spiritual functions required. Our research results contribute to a better understanding of local adaptation dynamics towards extreme climatic events and improvement of management strategies.

scholarly journals Towards sustainable forest management strategies with MOEAs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Back ◽  
Antti Suominen ◽  
Pekka Malo ◽  
Olli Tahvonen ◽  
Julian Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Lumber and Engineered Pine Products Research in the Gulf South U.S. 2005–2020

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
R. Dan Seale ◽  
Rubin Shmulsky ◽  
Frederico Jose Nistal Franca
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Mississippi State University ◽  
State University ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Mass Timber ◽  
Structural Lumber

This review primarily describes nondestructive evaluation (NDE) work at Mississippi State University during the 2005–2020 time interval. Overall, NDE is becoming increasingly important as a means of maximizing and optimizing the value (economic, engineering, utilitarian, etc.) of every tree that comes from the forest. For the most part, it focuses on southern pine structural lumber, but other species such as red pine, spruce, Douglas fir, red oak, and white oak and other products such as engineered composites, mass timber, non-structural lumber, and others are included where appropriate. Much of the work has been completed in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory as well as the Agricultural Research Service with the overall intent of improving lumber and wood products standards and valuation. To increase the future impacts and adoption of this NDE-related work, wherever possible graduate students have contributed to the research. As such, a stream of trained professionals is a secondary output of these works though it is not specifically detailed herein.

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