Metamemory Among Fourth grade science students

The current research aim to identify Metamemory among students of the fourth scientific grade The research has been limited to students of the fourth scientific grade in secondary and Preparatory schools in the center of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the academic year (2020-2021), and the descriptive survey approach was adopted, and the sample size amounted to (400) male and female students who were chosen randomly. To achieve the objectives of the research, the tow researchers prepared research tool represented by a measure of Metamemory, which in its final form consisted of (36) items, with (19) paragraphs of positive wording and (17) paragraphs of negative wording, according to the definition (Troyer & Rich, 2002) who classified Metamemory into three dimensions: satisfaction with memory, ability or memory errors and remembering strategies. And has been verified the apparent validity, content and constructive validity of the scale, the calculation of discrimination coefficients for the items of the scale, and checking the scale's stability through out the calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which amounted to (0.919). The research tool were applied in the first semester of the year (2020-2021), and statistical analysis and data processing were carried out using the Statistical Portfolio for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. By applying the equation of the t-test for one sample to the data obtained from the final application of the research tool, it was concluded that students of the fourth scientific grade possess a high level of metamemory. Accordingly, the researchers presented some recommendations and suggestions. key words : Metamemory

FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF ROSENBERG’S SELF-ESTEEM SCALE AMONG INJURED MALE RUGBY PLAYERS IN THE KENYA CUP COMPETITION

Four different confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models, including CFAs with correlated traits, uniqueness’s, and methods, were employed to test the factorial structure of Rosenberg’s (1965) self-esteem scale in a sample of injured male rugby players in the Kenya cup competition. The outcome of the factorial analysis to some extent concurs with studies conducted earlier. These finding depict that (a) there exists a single global self-esteem factor underlying responses to Rosenberg scale; (b) method effects associated with item wording exist; and (c) the method effects were associated primarily with positively, rather than negatively, worded items. The sample consisted of 105 injured male rugby players the average age was 21.7±5.3 years, and the majority 23.8% were 20 years old. Majority 67.6% (n=71) of the respondents were forwards, while 32.4% (n=34) were backs. 82.9% were not capped with the national team while 11.4% (n=12) weighed 70kgs. The research hypothesized a four-factor structure of the RSES utilizing CFA with the SPSS-AMOS 16. The first model outcome was, (X2=132.2 df=35 CFI=0.561 NFI=0.463 RMSEA=0.163 SRMR=0.1373 AIC=192.2. The second model (X2=77.609 df=27 CFI=0.748 NFI=0.685 RMSEA=0.134 SRMR=0.1197 AIC=153.609). The third model was a Uni-dimensional positive wording X2=58.378 df=25 CFI=0.834 NFI=0.763 RMSEA=0.113 SRMR=0.0888 AIC=138.378. Finally, a model was run on Positive and Negative wording correlated, the outcomes (X2=79.68 df=34 CFI=0.748 NFI=0.685 RMSEA=0.114 SRMR=0.1151 AIC=121.68). Every model, including the single-factor model (Model 1), fits data adequately. However, the function of a single theoretical dimension (GSE) was contaminated by method effects. Our results show that method effects need to be taken into account to obtain a close model fit (i.e., RMSEA < 0.05). <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The Impact of Stigma, Autism Label and Wording on the Perceived Desirability of the Online Dating Profiles of Men on the Autism Spectrum

Those seeking romantic relations are increasingly using online dating sites, including young men on the autism spectrum. This study presented dating profiles with and without an explicit label of autism and positive or negative wording to 306 ‘females seeking a male partner’. Participants assessed the men’s dating profiles in terms of perceived attractiveness, trustworthiness and desire-to-date. They also completed a questionnaire on their level of stigmatisation of, and familiarity with, autism. An explicit autism label and positive wording positively impacted perceived attractiveness. With positively worded profiles, those with highly stigmatising views reported decreased desire-to-date when an explicit label of autism was present; those with low levels of stigmatising reported increased desire-to-date when an explicit autism label was present.

What’s the measure? An empirical investigation of self-ratings on response scales

The present investigation comprises two studies. In Study 1, participants gave numerical information about demographic attributes (real-scores). They subsequently rated themselves regarding these attributes on a five-point Likert-type scale (5LTS). Items used different phrasings, inducing (1) a general, (2) a personal, and (3) an outsiders’ perspective. By regressing these ratings on the real-scores, it was shown that information on centers and intervals of the real-scores were not readily reflected by the response scales. This led to different representations of the intervals and centers of the real-scores. The outsiders’ perspective resulted in the most adequate representation of the real-score intervals. Study 2 used neutral item wording with a 5LTS and a four-point Likert-type scale (4LTS) to investigate the possible confound of positive wording. This increased the adequacy of the representations only slightly. Together, the findings indicate that, even on average, the investigated rating scales and items reflect the actual attributes only limitedly and that the self-ratings depend on the item phrasing instead of simply representing a coarse measure of the real-scores. All data and analysis scripts are available on https://osf.io/4pcdb/.

Crowdsourcing innovative service ideas

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how negatively worded innovative ideas can be rejected during a crowdsourcing event sponsored by a service firm via an online forum. The goal of an ideation forum is to collect user-generated content in the form of ideas for new products or services. An ideation forum attempts to clarify the “fuzziness” on the front-end of new product development. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 × 2 (satisfied/dissatisfied customers and negatively/positively worded ideas) experiment replicates the effect of mood-incongruent interactions within ideation forums and measures the likelihood for an idea to be buried or selected on the basis of its merit rather than its negative/positive wording. Findings – The results demonstrate that mood-incongruent interactions have different effects on different groups of participating customers. Negatively worded innovative ideas are rated lower by satisfied customers, despite their superior merit. Research limitations/implications – The nature of the experiment shows a high validity, but lacks in reliability. Thus, future research should attempt to replicate this experiment on a larger scale and across different industries. Practical implications – In an open forum where thousands of customers can give a thumbs’ up or down to an idea, merit should prevail over mood-congruency. If the crowdsourcing mechanism cannot be trusted, it puts the burden back on the firm’s review team to promote or review any downgraded innovative idea, which ends up being counterproductive. Originality/value – These findings shed light on the hidden aspect of crowdsourcing when the aim is to find unique, if not radical, ideas for services. Thus, hoteliers and other hospitality and tourism managers should use these findings to design better ideation forums.

Can positive affect items be used to assess depressive disorders in the Japanese population?

Background. The purpose of the present study was to examine the measurement properties of positive affect items among the Japanese population.Methods. Responses to the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and four additional negatively revised items of the original positive affect items were compared for 85 Japanese psychiatric out-patients with dysphoric-mood-related symptoms and 255 demographically matched controls.Results. Responses to positive affect items were generally comparable between the two groups, whereas responses to negative symptom items were markedly different (P<0·002 for all comparisons). The group difference was most marked for symptom persistence. Responses to the four negatively revised items of positive affect revealed a similar picture to that of the negative symptom items. The internal consistency of the scale significantly improved when the original positive affect items were replaced by the negatively revised items (P<0·001 for both).Conclusions. Positive affect items with positive wording cannot be used to assess depressive disorders in the Japanese population adequately, but this can be done with the corresponding negatively revised items.