MEQA-RPL: A Mobility Energy and Queue Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Nodes in Internet of Things

Increase in mobile nodes has brought new challenges to IoT’s routing protocol-RPL. Mobile nodes (MN) bring new possibilities as well as challenges to the network. MN creates frequent route disruption, energy loss and increases end-to-end delay in the network. This could be solved by improving RPL to react faster to route failures through route prediction, while keeping energy expenditure for this process in reasonable limits. In this context a new Mobility Energy and Queue Aware-RPL (MEQA-RPL) is proposed that have the capability to sense route failure and to identify proactively the next possible route before the current route fails. While identifying the next route, MEQA-RPL employs constraint check on energy and queue availability to guarantee QoS for MN and better lifetime for the network. When compared to RPL with mobility support our model reduce average signaling cost by 31%, handover delay by 32% and improve packet delivery ratio by 17%. We run simulations with multiple mobile nodes which have also shown promising results on aforementioned parameters.

Fast and Universal Inter-Slice Handover Authentication with Privacy Protection in 5G Network

In a 5G network-sliced environment, mobility management introduces a new form of handover called inter-slice handover among network slices. Users can change their slices as their preferences or requirements vary over time. However, existing handover-authentication mechanisms cannot support inter-slice handover because of the fine-grained demand among network slice services, which could cause challenging issues, such as the compromise of service quality, anonymity, and universality. In this paper, we address these issues by introducing a fast and universal inter-slice (FUIS) handover authentication framework based on blockchain, chameleon hash, and ring signature. To address these issues, we introduce an anonymous service-oriented authentication protocol with a key agreement for inter-slice handover by constructing an anonymous ticket with the trapdoor collision property of chameleon hash functions. In order to reduce the computation overhead of the user side in the process of authentication, a privacy-preserving ticket validation with a ring signature is designed to finish in the consensus phase of the blockchain in advance. Thanks to the edge computing capabilities in 5G, distributed edge nodes help to store the anonymous ticket information, which guarantees that the legal users can finish authentication swiftly during handover. Our scheme's performance is evaluated through simulation experiments to testify the efficiency and feasibility in a 5G network-sliced environment. The results show that compared to other authentication schemes of the same type, the overall inter-slice handover delay has been reduced by 97.94%.

Skema Handover pada Multi-kamera dengan Logika Fuzzy untuk Sistem Pemantauan Orang

ABSTRAKAdanya berbagai peristiwa yang membahayakan di tempat keramaian menyebabkan diperlukannya sebuah sistem pemantauan aktifitas manusia di sekitarnya untuk pengawasan keamanan. Sistem multi-kamera sangat cocok digunakan untuk pemantauan target pada lingkungan area yang luas. Disaat target meninggalkan jangkauan area kamera menuju lainnya, proses pemantauan target harus tetap bekerja dan diserahkan ke kamera lainnya. Protokol serah terima target dapat berjalan jika terdapat komunikasi antar kamera yang tersedia. Penelitian ini menyajikan skema handover pada sistem multi-kamera dengan menerapkan pengambilan keputusan handover berbasis logika fuzzy. Dengan begitu, target akan selalu ditangani oleh kamera meskipun target bergerak menjauhinya. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, skema handover ini mampu mereduksi total number of handover sebesar 20% dibandingkan dengan metode AHCS (Active Handover Control Scheme). Selain itu, handover delay pada metode usulan memperoleh waktu 123.72μs dan masih lebih lama dari AHCS.Kata kunci: handover, multi-kamera, pemantauan orang, fuzzy logic ABSTRACTThe existence of various dangerous events in a crowded place causes the need of surveillance system to monitor the human activity continuously in a certain area. Multi-camera systems are used to monitor targets in large areas. When the target leaves the camera’s range for another, the target monitoring process should continue to work and be left to other cameras. The target handover protocol may work if there is communication between the available cameras. This document presents a handover scheme in a multi-camera system by applying a fuzzy logic handover decision. Thus, the target will always be processed by the camera, even if the target is moving away from it. Based on the simulation results, this handover scheme is able to reduce the total number of handovers by 20% compared to the AHCS (Active Handover Control Scheme) method. In addition, the handover delay in the proposed method obtains 123.72 μs and is still longer than the AHCS.Keywords: handover, multi-camera, human monitoring, fuzzy logic

PP31 Ambulance handover: a thematic review of delays in 2018/19

BackgroundAmbulance handover delays are an important indicator of an emergency care system under pressure. Delayed handovers compromise patient safety in the Emergency Department (ED). As a direct consequence patients wait longer for an emergency ambulance response, and as a result patient safety in the community is also compromised. We explored factors perceived to contribute to ambulance handover delays at EDs in an urban area of England, in order to inform delay reduction strategies.MethodsFifteen EDs were visited as part of a regional improvement programme. Ambulance handover processes were observed, and staff involved in the process were informally interviewed. A data corpus of twenty-nine written reports was generated. These reports were anonymised and thematic analysis was used inductively to explore the phenomenon of ambulance handover delay. Pattern coding was used to identify and cluster common themes, with magnitude coding added to identify the most prevalent themes.ResultsPerceived reasons for ambulance handover delay arose from a number of factors. A mismatch was frequently seen between handover capacity and demand. This occurred alongside, but was also frequently observed to be independent of, ED exit block. Approaches to escalation were often sub-optimal. This was observed both before and after an ambulance queue developed. Processes were often uneconomical by design, and pathways were frequently inefficient. Inter-professional culture was identified as an important, cross-cutting theme, with a lack of urgency to release ambulances frequently observed.ConclusionsOur results suggest several factors influence ambulance handover delays. Programmes which aim to improve overall hospital flow, streamline pathways and processes, and improve escalation are needed. Programmes should also seek to improve the inter-professional culture relating to ambulance handover. Limitations to this enquiry include an opportunistic, retrospective approach and use of a convenience sample. There are few empirical studies which address the causes of ambulance handover delay. More research is needed on this important patient safety issue.

Distributed Identifier-Locator Mapping Management in Mobile ILNP Networks

In the Identifier Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) networks, the existing mobility control schemes based on the centralized entity, called the Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS) server, such that all the control traffic is processed at the DDNS server. However, the centralized mobility schemes have significant limitations, such as control traffic overhead at the server and large handover delay. In order to resolve these issues, we propose a new mobility control scheme for ILNP networks, which manages the identifier-locators (ID-LOCs) in the fully distributed manner. In our scheme, each domain has a dedicated mobile DDNS (m-DDNS) server at the site border router (SBR). The m-DDNS server maintains two databases; i.e., home host register (HHR) and visiting host register (VHR), to support the roaming of mobile hosts. When a mobile host roams into a domain, the m-DDNS server in the visiting domain registers the host’s ID-LOC in the VHR and requests the update of HHR to the m-DDNS server in the home domain. Since the m-DDNS servers communicate each other directly, the ID-LOC mappings are managed without involvement of any central entities. We analyzed our proposed mobility scheme via numerical analysis and compared its performance with those of existing schemes. Numerical results showed that our scheme outperforms the existing mobility control schemes substantially in terms of control traffic overhead at the servers, total transmission delay and handover delay.