Uses of palmyra palmplant parts in three regions of East Java, Indonesia

Palmyra palm (BorassusflabelliferL.), is one of the palm trees highly associated with farmers in agro-forestry system in Indonesia. About 28,068 farmers cultivated 9,355 hectares of palmyra palm in East Java, Indonesia. Two regions which have highest palmyra palm in East Java are Sumenep in Madura islands and Tuban in East java mainland with production areas of about 5,535.70and 1,832.45 hectares respectively. Pasuruan has special and well-known fresh palmyra palm sap, but there is scarcity of data on the number of plants or areas planted. However, development of industries at the area has displaced a large number of palmyras due to land use change.Field surveys were carried out at Gunungsari village, Beji district in Pasuruan, a single village of palmyra in Pasuruan; in the districtsofSemanding and Palang in Tuban, and three districts,Pragaan, Lenteng, and Dungkek in Sumenep. One or two villages in Tuban and Sumenep were selected based on information from local official governments. A total of 180 palmyra farmers comprising of 30 farmers from each study district were interviewed. The interview solicited several information including the use of palmyra plant parts such as leaves, fruits, sap, trunks and other parts. Results of the study showed that there were several differences in the uses of palmyra palm plant parts across three regions in East Java. Uses of leaves, fruits, sap, trunks and other parts of palmyra palm varied in each region both on the type of use and on the percentage of each use. The differences maybe as a result of different cultural characteristics of regions and populations studied. For instance, farmers in Pasuruan and Tubanuse almost all plant parts just like those in East java mainland, and both regions have massive industrial development. Farmers in Sumenep, Maduradifferedmostlyin their use of almost all parts of palmyra plant, especially leaves and sap. Leaves and sap appeared as most used parts in the three regions and have more commercial value than other parts. Uses of plant parts as traditional medicine and processed fruits seemed comparatively low in all the three regions. Based on the differences in characteristics of the utilization of plant parts in three regions of East Java, it appears that Pasuruan is superior in fresh sap; Tuban in fresh fruits and Sumenep Madura with jaggery and palmyra leaf weaving products and raw leaves.

Excerpts from Land Separation Books as Title Deeds for Hereditary Estates, Fisheries and Meadows: The 17th Century Materials from the Tikhvin Assumption Monastery Archive

During the 17th century, the archives of the Tikhvin Assumption Monastery accumulated documents testifying to the monastery’s acquisition of rights to votchinas (hereditary landed estate) and ugodia (collective name for fisheries, meadows, etc.). Among these documents there are excerpts from land separation books (otvodnye knigi). In order to determine the significance of such excerpts as title deeds, the article examines situations requiring their receipt, and sequence of actions of the patrimonials and authorities. It is generally accepted that grant deeds were basic document confirming monasteries’ rights to votchinas and ugodia. The Tikhvin Assumption Monastery received its last grant deed in 1621. However, in the following years, the Monastery was granted new votchinas and ugodia, which also required title perfection. And yet thereafter all grants were issued without drafting grant deeds. The article considers four situations that demanded separation of land: proving rights to old landholdings; acquiring new votchinas on the basis of grant deeds; proving rights to ugodia recorded in census records, but not in grant deeds; acquiring new votchinas and ugodia on the basis of decree without grant deed. The study of the archival documents has made it possible to reveal how rights to votchinas and ugodia were established in the 17th century without issuance of grant deeds. First, the monastic authorities filed a petition in Moscow and received a decree ordering the authorities of Veliky Novgorod to separate the land. Upon receiving such order from Novgorod, a local official performed separation of land according to an excerpt from cadastral register and compiled a land separation book. In order obtain an excerpt from the land separation book, the procedure was to be repeated. In the case of disputes or legal proceedings with outside parties – landholders (pomeshchiki) or court peasants (dvortsovye) – a new land separation book for the successful party was to be drawn. Sometimes several years could pass between land separation and obtaining an excerpt from the land separation book. The monastic authorities did not seek to receive it immediately and, probably, did not have a clear idea of the need for such an action. The available data allows the author to conclude that excerpts from land separation books may have been main document proving ownership of votchinas and ugodia, but were usually obtained in case of land disputes. However, to decide a case, other documents reflecting the history of the grant were required: excerpts from cadastral registers and survey books, originals or copies of decrees, and command letters.

Sepak Terjang Bagus Rangin dalam Surat Dipati Natadireja Kepada Daendels (1808)

In this article, we discuss a letter from a local official, named Raden Dipati Natadireja, to Governor-General Franco-Dutch Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811). The letter written on 5 Jumadil akhir year of Dal 1223 AJ (July 25th, 1808) is a collection of the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and is coded ID-ANRI K66a, File 3569, Folio 39-42. Through the letter, Natadireja reported that many officials in Cirebon, especially low-ranking officials, joined the revolters. He also reported that the revolts were led by three respected figures, namely Kulur, Rangin, and Draham. In this research, the manuscript firstly was studied by using the philology theory that contain the method of manuscript study (codicology) and the method of text study (textology). Furthermore, the manuscript content was dialogued to the historical fact in the Cirebon Sultanate so that we obtained a complete understanding about context of writing the manuscript. The result shows that the wave of revolt had occurred since at least 1806 as the people of Cirebon could no longer stand the tyrannical treatment of colonial administration. On the other hand, the Chinese people actually get special treatment, especially in terms of land management.

Conceptions of Local Economic Development: Comparing Citizen and Local Official Attitudes

This research compares citizen and local official attitudes about local barriers to, and assets that, facilitate local economic health and the underlying factors that lead to local fiscal distress. Using surveys of citizens and local government officials, the research indicates that both groups point to very traditional barriers to local economic growth as being important: lack of large employers, tax rates that are too high, and poor traditional infrastructure. While citizens and officials tend to see local economic distress emanating from the same causes, local officials are more likely to “blame” citizen opposition to attempts to increase revenues and the state for policies that negatively affect local governments. Citizens, on the other hand, are more likely to place blame on their local officials for corruption and mismanagement and for poor decisions regarding public employee pensions. The implications for local economic development policy are discussed.

All Sins are not Created Equal: The Factors that Drive Perceptions of Corruption Severity

Despite corruption’s effects on citizen welfare, there is substantial variation in when citizens are willing to sanction government wrongdoing. This paper uses a conjoint survey experiment, conducted in Uganda, to test how information about the position a corrupt official holds, and the details of an act of embezzlement affect citizens’ perceptions of corruption severity and willingness to punish. I find that the revenue source of stolen funds and the sector to which the funds had been allocated have the largest impact on perceived severity, followed by whether stolen funds are spent privately or recirculated through patronage or clientelism. The position the corrupt official holds has a smaller impact on severity, including whether the official was elected and whether he was a central or local official.

Counting Oceanians of Non-European, Non-Asian Descent (ONENA) in the South Pacific to Make Them Count in Global Health.

Several diseases and vulnerabilities associated with genetic or microbial factors are more frequent among populations of Oceanian, Non-European, Non-Asian descent (ONENA). ONENA are specific and have long been isolated geographically. To our knowledge, there are no published official, quantitative, aggregated data on the populations impacted by these excess vulnerabilities in Oceania. We searched official census reports for updated estimates of the total population for each of the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (including Australia) and the US State of Hawaii, privileging local official statistical or censual sources. We multiplied the most recent total population estimate by the cumulative percentage of the ONENA population as determined in official reports. Including Australia and the US State of Hawaii, Oceania counts 27 countries and territories, populated in 2016 by approximately 41 M inhabitants (17 M not counting Australia) among which approximately 12.5 M (11.6 M not counting Australia) consider themselves of entire or partial ONENA ancestry. Specific genetic and microbiome traits of ONENA may be unique and need further investigation to adjust risk estimates, risk prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, to the benefit of populations in the Pacific and beyond.

Social Conditions of His Time

While Zhu Xi developed complex philosophical theories, his ultimate objective was the moral transformation of society. This chapter concerns his directives and exhortations to people in his jurisdiction, promulgated during his stints as a local official, as well as in his letters to disciples and friends addressing concrete issues in family relations, and in his funerary biographies (especially for women), where he exhibited considerable flexibility and accommodation to social custom. Zhu’s official directives include general admonishments to behave well and be diligent in agriculture, as well as specific warnings about officials cheating commoners, illegal family division, and unorthodox religious practices. Many of the texts in this chapter deal with family issues. Like his writings on society, Zhu’s writings on families were largely prescriptive: families needed to be properly “regulated” and interactions among family members guided by ritual.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN KINERJA APARATUR PENGELOLA ASET DAERAH DI KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH

A qualified opinion (WDP) on LKPD Tapanuli Tengah Regency has become the focus of attention of the government in revamping asset management. The low performance of local official asset Manager caused problems in fixed assets, namely non-compliance with relevant regulations, operational procedures that are less clearly understood, and administrative error in asset management. The purpose of this sudy were to 1) Describe the system of supervision and controlling of local asset management; 2) Analyze internal and external factors in the asset management dan 3) Formulate strategy for improving the performance of the apparatus asset managers. The method used was the determining factor SWOT IFE and EFE, obtained in the form of a matrix IE grand strategy and prioritized through a matrix of pairwise comparison (pairwise comparisons matrix). This study used 74 respondents from 51 SKPDs composed of heads of office and local official asset managers. The results showed that the highest weight was found in internal factors. For external factors are the central government regulation of governance of regional assets, and governance support in accordance with the rules of government policy in favor of asset management. The highest strategic priority was to increase support government policies, both national and local human resource development to improve the competence of local asset managers through training to facilitate the administration of the assets in accordance with the rules of governance.Key words: External Factor, Good Governance, Internal Factor, Priority strategy, Qualified Opinion ABSTRAK Opini wajar dengan pengecualian (WDP) atas LKPD Tapanuli Tengah menjadi fokus perhatian pemerintah dalam pembenahan pengelolaan aset. Rendahnya kinerja pengelola aset menyebabkan permasalahan pada aset tetap yaitu ketidakpatuhan terhadap peraturan terkait, prosedur operasional yang kurang jelas dipahami, kesalahan administratif dalam pengelolaan aset. Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) Mendeskripsikan sistem pengawasan dan pengendalian pengelolaan aset daerah, 2) Menganalisis faktor internal dan external pengelolaan aset, 3) Merumuskan strategi peningkatan kinerja aparatur pengelola aset daerah. Metode yang digunakan adalah SWOT (IFE dan EFE), diperoleh grand strategi berupa matriks IE, dan di prioritaskan melalui matriks perbandingan berpasangan (Pairwise comparisons matrix). Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 74 responden dari 51 SKPD terdiri dari pejabat dan pengelola aset. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bobot tertinggi pada faktor internal. Untuk faktor eksternal, peraturan pemerintah pusat tentang tata kelola aset daerah, untuk mempermudah tata kelola sesuai dengan aturan kebijakan pemerintah dalam mendukung Pengelolaan Aset. Prioritas strategi tertinggi adalah Meningkatkan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, baik pusat dan daerah dalam pengembangan SDM dan peningkatan kompetensi pengelola aset daerah melalui pelatihan penatausahaan aset untuk mempermudah tata kelola sesuai dengan aturan.Kata kunci: Faktor Eksternal, Good Governance, Strategi Intensif, Faktor Internal, Strategi Terintegrasi