Analysis of Code Mixing in Jerome Polin Youtube Content “Nihongo Mantappu”

Jerome Polin Sijabat is an Indonesian YouTuber. Jerome Polin is known after starting a YouTube channel called Nihongo Mantappu, which shares his personal life in Japan. Apart from speaking Indonesian, Jerome Polin also uses other languages, such as English and Japanese. Jerome Polin's mastery of the language causes code-mixing in the video. This study describes the forms of code-mixing and the factors that cause code-mixing in videos on Jerome Polin's YouTube channel. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sample of conversational quotations. The data collection technique used is the listening method using note-taking techniques and free-involved-talk listening techniques. The results showed that the forms of code-mixing insertion in Jerome Polin's YouTube video include elements of words, phrases, and clauses. The types of code-mixing in Jerome Polin's YouTube videos are outer code-mixing.

An Analysis of Code Mixing in the MOVIE “From London to Bali”

examined is the types and level code-mixing. In types and level code-mixing, researchers used the Suwito theory. As for the types of code-mixing, including inner code-mixing and outer code-mixing, while in code-mixing level consists of six words: word-level code-mixing, phrase-level code-mixing, clause level code, baster level code-mixing, repetition level code-mixing, and code-mixing level idioms. This research design used is qualitative research. Qualitative research, among others, is descriptive. The data is collected more in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers. The qualitative descriptive method is a method that researchers can use to analyze by doing fact-finding with the right interpretation. Qualitative research is closely associated with the context. Based on the results of the analysis from London to Bali, the data was obtained for types of code-mixing consisting of inner code-mixing 115 data, outer code-mixing 46 data, and level code-mixing consisting of word-level code-mixing 145 data, phrase level code-mixing 10 data, code-mixing clause level 4 Data, baster level code-mixing 1 data, repetition level code-mixing 3 data, idiom level code-mixing 0 data.

On the Construction of Multiply Constant-Weight Codes

Multiply constant-weight codes (MCWCs) were introduced recently to improve the reliability of certain physically unclonable function response. In this paper, two methods of constructing MCWCs are presented following the concatenation methodology. In other words, MCWCs are constructed by concatenating approximate outer codes and inner codes. Besides, several classes of optimal MCWCs are derived from these methods. In the first method, the outer codes are [Formula: see text]-ary codes and the inner codes are constant-weight codes over [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, if the outer code achieves the Plotkin bound and the inner code achieves Johnson bound, then the resulting MCWC is optimal. In the second method, the outer codes are [Formula: see text]-ary codes and the inner codes are MCWCs. Furthermore, if the outer code achieves the Plotkin bound and the inner code achieves the Johnson bound, then the resulting MCWC is optimal.

ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM TUTURAN BAHASA INDONESIA OLEH MAHASISWA FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS WINAYA MUKTI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran alih kode dan campur kode bunyi bahasa Sunda dalam percakapan bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakutas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak cakap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik rekam, dan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Alih kode dalam tuturan mahasiswa dapat dikelompokan ke dalam dua jenis yaitu alih kode intern dan alih kode ekstern. Alih kode intern berkecenderungan berbentuk: (a) alih kode dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Sunda halus; dan (b) alih kode intern dari bahasa Sunda ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Kemudian alih kode ekstern yang terjadi pada mahasiswa berkecenderungan berbentuk alih kode dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. (2) Sedangkan campur kode yang terjadi dalam tuturan mahasiswa berkecenderungan berbentuk hanya campur kode ke luar (Outer Code Mixing) yaitu berkecenderungan berbentuk campur bahasa Indonesia-Sunda-Inggris di dalam satu kalimat.

Avoiding coherent errors with rotated concatenated stabilizer codes

Coherent errors, which arise from collective couplings, are a dominant form of noise in many realistic quantum systems, and are more damaging than oft considered stochastic errors. Here, we propose integrating stabilizer codes with constant-excitation codes by code concatenation. Namely, by concatenating an [[n, k, d]] stabilizer outer code with dual-rail inner codes, we obtain a [[2n, k, d]] constant-excitation code immune from coherent phase errors and also equivalent to a Pauli-rotated stabilizer code. When the stabilizer outer code is fault-tolerant, the constant-excitation code has a positive fault-tolerant threshold against stochastic errors. Setting the outer code as a four-qubit amplitude damping code yields an eight-qubit constant-excitation code that corrects a single amplitude damping error, and we analyze this code’s potential as a quantum memory.

CAMPUR KODE PERULANGAN KATA DALAM NOVEL RADIKUS MAKAN KAKUS KARYA: RADITYA DIKA (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)

This study aims to obtain a description of the type and form of mixed reduplication word code in the novel RadikusMakankakus, by RadityaDika. This research data comes from RadikusMakankakus novel, RadityaDika. Data collection in this study using the method refer to the basic techniques of tangible techniques tapping techniques and techniques as advanced techniques. Based on the results of the research, that in the novel RadikusMakankakus, found the type of mixed code into (inner code maxing) and the type of mixed code out (outer code maxing). Type of mixed code into (inner code maxing) found, among others, is mixed code into (inner code maxing) which tangible repetition of Indonesian dialect Jakarta, Javanese words, Jakarta dialect. In addition, also found type of mixed code out (outer code maxing). The outer code maxing types found in the novel include mixing outward code in the form of looping of English words.

Polarization-adjusted Convolutional (PAC) Codes: Sequential Decoding vs List Decoding

In the Shannon lecture at the 2019 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Arıkan proposed to employ a one-to-one convolutional transform as a pre-coding step before the polar transform. The resulting codes of this concatenation are called polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes. In this scheme, a pair of polar mapper and demapper as pre- and postprocessing devices are deployed around a memoryless channel, which provides polarized information to an outer decoder leading to improved error correction performance of the outer code. In this paper, the list decoding and sequential decoding (including Fano decoding and stack decoding) are first adapted for use to decode PAC codes. Then, to reduce the complexity of sequential decoding of PAC/polar codes, we propose (i) an adaptive heuristic metric, (ii) tree search constraints for backtracking to avoid exploration of unlikely sub-paths, and (iii) tree search strategies consistent with the pattern of error occurrence in polar codes. These contribute to the reduction of the average decoding time complexity from 50% to 80%, trading with 0.05 to 0.3 dB degradation in error correction performance within FER=10^-3 range, respectively, relative to not applying the corresponding search strategies. Additionally, as an important ingredient in Fano decoding of PAC/polar codes, an efficient computation method for the intermediate LLRs and partial sums is provided. This method is effective in backtracking and avoids storing the intermediate information or restarting the decoding process. Eventually, all three decoding algorithms are compared in terms of performance, complexity, and resource requirements.

Polarization-adjusted Convolutional (PAC) Codes: Sequential Decoding vs List Decoding

In the Shannon lecture at the 2019 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Arıkan proposed to employ a one-to-one convolutional transform as a pre-coding step before the polar transform. The resulting codes of this concatenation are called polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes. In this scheme, a pair of polar mapper and demapper as pre- and postprocessing devices are deployed around a memoryless channel, which provides polarized information to an outer decoder leading to improved error correction performance of the outer code. In this paper, the list decoding and sequential decoding (including Fano decoding and stack decoding) are first adapted for use to decode PAC codes. Then, to reduce the complexity of sequential decoding of PAC/polar codes, we propose (i) an adaptive heuristic metric, (ii) tree search constraints for backtracking to avoid exploration of unlikely sub-paths, and (iii) tree search strategies consistent with the pattern of error occurrence in polar codes. These contribute to the reduction of the average decoding time complexity from 50% to 80%, trading with 0.05 to 0.3 dB degradation in error correction performance within FER=10^-3 range, respectively, relative to not applying the corresponding search strategies. Additionally, as an important ingredient in Fano decoding of PAC/polar codes, an efficient computation method for the intermediate LLRs and partial sums is provided. This method is effective in backtracking and avoids storing the intermediate information or restarting the decoding process. Eventually, all three decoding algorithms are compared in terms of performance, complexity, and resource requirements.

Asykāl at-Taḥawwul al-lughawi fī al-Muḥādaṡah al-‘Arabiyyah ladā Thullāb Ma’had Yanbū’ al-Qur`ān

This was a qualitative research with listening and conversation as data collection techniques. The results described the students’ conversation process by using Arabic and English in boarding environment. The application is using Arabic in the first and second week, and English in the third and fourth week. The forms of code mixing in muhadatsah at Pondok Tahfidz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Menawan included inner and outer code mixing. Inner code mixing happened in the form of words, sentences and abbreviations. Outer code mixing occured in the form of words and sentences. Factors causing code mixing at the PTYQM Kudus included linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Linguistic factors were such as bilingualism, speech partners and vocabulary limitations. Non-linguistic factors were such as Arabic habits carried in Indonesian, fear of regulation, fear of being sanctioned, and increasing a sense of humor. The efforts to overcome the occurrence of code mixing at PTYQM were by giving attention and emphasis in training students, writing the correct form of code mixing on the board often visited by students, fostering students' awareness of the importance of Arabic for the future.