Evaluation of Insertion Energy as Novel Parameter for Dental Implant Stability

Insertion energy has been advocated as a novel measure for primary implant stability, but the effect of implant length, diameter, or surgical protocol remains unclear. Twenty implants from one specific bone level implant system were placed in layered polyurethane foam measuring maximum insertion torque, torque–time curves, and primary stability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Insertion energy was calculated as area under torque–time curve applying the trapezoidal formula. Statistical analysis was based on analysis of variance, Tukey honest differences tests and Pearson’s product moment correlation tests (α = 0.05). Implant stability (p = 0.01) and insertion energy (p < 0.01) differed significantly among groups, while maximum insertion torque did not (p = 0.17). Short implants showed a significant decrease in implant stability (p = 0.01), while reducing implant diameter did not cause any significant effect. Applying the drilling protocol for dense bone resulted in significantly increased insertion energy (p = 0.02) but a significant decrease in implant stability (p = 0.04). Insertion energy was not found to be a more reliable parameter for evaluating primary implant stability when compared to maximum insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis.

ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Capacity studies of reservoirs are important to evaluate sedimentation and optimize reservoir operation schedule based on realistic assessment of available storage. Capacity study at regular interval provide information about rate and pattern of sedimentation between various levels, loss of capacity due to sedimentation, remaining time span of reservoir, etc. In the present study, evaluation of revised capacity of Gobind Sagar reservoir in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh, India has been done using Google Earth Engine. Landsat 8 (OLI) data for September 2015 and for the period September 2017 to May 2018 covering full extent of Gobind Sagar reservoir is taken to compute the water spread area of this reservoir at different dates. Subsequently, the reservoir water level and volume of water stored on the corresponding dates is acquired from India-WRIS. By using trapezoidal formula capacity between two elevations is determined using water spread area obtained from Google Earth Engine analysis and elevation data obtained from India-WRIS. The comparison of water spread areas of different water levels, as obtained from remotely sensed data from September 2017 to May, 2018 with those from survey carried out during 1996/97, indicates a reduction in the capacity by 10.71% and sedimentation rate was estimated to be 14.24<span class="thinspace"></span>Mm³/year.</p>

The spatial variability of qualitative and quantitative structure of planktonic protist communities in the North Atlantic Current (the Nordic Seas)

We investigated the spatial variability of qualitative and quantitative planktonic protist community structure in the Nordic Seas in relation to the environmental factors. Our study was conducted in the summers of 2015 and 2016 during cruises of the Institute of Oceanology PAS to the Norwegian and Greenland Seas. The samples were collected using Niskin bottles from the constant depths covering the euphotic zone (5 m, 15 m, 25 m, 35 m, 50 m) and then integrated, using trapezoidal formula, to represent protist community structure under the square meter of the water column, and fixed with an acidic Lugol's solution and, after 24hs, with a glutaraldehyde (both to a final concentration of 2%). Samples were analysed according to the Utermöhl method. The lack of a clear variability in the longitudinal-latitudinal qualitative protist community distribution was accompanied by the absence of distinct differences in the hydrography of the area. The highest total protist abundance was observed in the areas between 70-72 ºN and 74-76 ºN. The first more southerly-located peak was related to the presence of Bacillariophyceae, which numbers decreased northward, whereas the second peak was likely an effect of the increase in protist cells concentration in the frontal zones. In the longitudinal aspect, the eastward increase in Bacillariophyceae abundance was associated with the decrease in the other protist taxa. The observed communities were represented by four distinct types, distributed without any evident pattern: composed solely of Bacillariophyceae (1), Flagellates (2), Prymnesiophyceae (3) and a mixture of flagellates (Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae) and Bacillariophyceae (4). Although our investigation seems to exclude the longitudinal-latitudinal protist zonation in the area, a further protist study under different hydrographic conditions is needed to confirm it.

The spatial variability of qualitative and quantitative structure of planktonic protist communities in the North Atlantic Current (the Nordic Seas)

We investigated the spatial variability of qualitative and quantitative planktonic protist community structure in the Nordic Seas in relation to the environmental factors. Our study was conducted in the summers of 2015 and 2016 during cruises of the Institute of Oceanology PAS to the Norwegian and Greenland Seas. The samples were collected using Niskin bottles from the constant depths covering the euphotic zone (5 m, 15 m, 25 m, 35 m, 50 m) and then integrated, using trapezoidal formula, to represent protist community structure under the square meter of the water column, and fixed with an acidic Lugol's solution and, after 24hs, with a glutaraldehyde (both to a final concentration of 2%). Samples were analysed according to the Utermöhl method. The lack of a clear variability in the longitudinal-latitudinal qualitative protist community distribution was accompanied by the absence of distinct differences in the hydrography of the area. The highest total protist abundance was observed in the areas between 70-72 ºN and 74-76 ºN. The first more southerly-located peak was related to the presence of Bacillariophyceae, which numbers decreased northward, whereas the second peak was likely an effect of the increase in protist cells concentration in the frontal zones. In the longitudinal aspect, the eastward increase in Bacillariophyceae abundance was associated with the decrease in the other protist taxa. The observed communities were represented by four distinct types, distributed without any evident pattern: composed solely of Bacillariophyceae (1), Flagellates (2), Prymnesiophyceae (3) and a mixture of flagellates (Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae) and Bacillariophyceae (4). Although our investigation seems to exclude the longitudinal-latitudinal protist zonation in the area, a further protist study under different hydrographic conditions is needed to confirm it.

The Mathematical Model and Numerical Solution of Instantaneous Availabilities for the Two-Unit Series Repairable System and Parallel Repairable System with Three States

This paper is aimed to obtain the instantaneous availabilities (IAs) for the two-unit series system and parallel system with three states. By the compound S i m p s o n formula and the compound trapezoidal formula, we get the numerical solution of IA for the two-unit series system with three states based on the renewal process. With four-order R u n g e - K u t t a formula, the numerical solution of IA for the two-unit parallel system with three states is obtained based on the Markov process.

Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities with Applications

In this article first, we give an integral identity and prove some Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the function f such that |f″|qis convex or concave for q ≥ 1. Second, by using these results, we present applications to f-divergence measures. At the end, we obtain some bounds for special means of real numbers and new error estimates for the trapezoidal formula.

Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for s-convex functions with applications

In this paper, we present several new and generalized Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for s-convex as well as s-concave functions via classical and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. As applications, we provide new error estimations for the trapezoidal formula.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON THE EXISTENCE OF FLUCTUATION OF INSTANTANEOUS AVAILABILITY

This paper considers the fluctuation of the instantaneous availability by numerical methods for a one-unit repairable system. The choices of the failure rate and repair rate are linear or cubic increasing functions. For the equation of instantaneous availability composing of two convolutions, the following numerical methods are used: the composite Simpson formula and the trapezoidal formula. That is to say, the simulated curves of instantaneous availability under any condition are obtained. Through the simulated results, when the failure rate and repair rate are selected as increasing functions, the extremum of simulated curve exists so fluctuation exists. On the other hand, if parameters of increasing functions become smaller, the fluctuation weakens.